摘要：變(bian)速(su)恒(heng)頻(pin)異(yi)步(bu)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)雙(shuang)饋(kui)異(yi)步(bu)發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)中(zhong)得(de)到(dao)了(le)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。本(ben)文(wen)在(zai)闡(chan)述(shu)變(bian)頻(pin)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)係(xi)統(tong)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，對(dui)變(bian)速(su)恒(heng)頻(pin)異(yi)步(bu)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)拓(tuo)撲(pu)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)策(ce)略(lve)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)分(fen)析(xi)，並(bing)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)變(bian)速(su)恒(heng)頻(pin)雙(shuang)饋(kui)異(yi)步(bu)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)熱(re)點(dian)以(yi)及(ji)北(bei)京(jing)清(qing)能(neng)華(hua)福(fu)風(feng)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)QHVERT-DFIG-1500B型變流器。

關鍵字：風力發電、變速恒頻

、變頻技術

    中國的風能資源十分豐富
，目前已經探明的風能儲量約為3226GW
，其中可利用風能約為253GW，主要分布在西北、華北和東北的草原和戈壁以及東部和東南沿海及島嶼上。根據統計，截至到2006年底
，中國大陸地區已建成並網型風電場91座，累計運行風力發電機組3311台，總容量達259.9萬kW（以完成整機吊裝作為統計依據）。已經建成並網發電的風場主要分布在新疆、內蒙、廣東、浙江
、遼寧等16個省區。根據電監會公布的數據，截至2006年底,中國發電裝機容量達到62200萬kW，風力發電占全國總裝機容量的0.42%。截至到2006年底

，全世界總風電裝機容量已經達到7390.4萬kW
，其中德國總裝機容量2062.2萬kW，位居世界第一
，中國2006年風電新增裝機容量僅次於美國、德國、印度和西班牙
，列第五位
；總裝機容量列世界第六位。因此
，風力發電將成為我國最具大規模開發前景的新能源之一。

    fenglifadianxitongzhuyaoyouhengsuhengpinfenglifadianjixitonghebiansuhengpinfenglifadianjixitongliangdalei。hengsuhengpinfenglifadianxitongyibanshiyongtongbudianjihuozheshulongshiyibudianjizuoweifadianji，tongguodingjiangjushisukongzhidefenglunjishifadianjidezhuansubaochizaihengdingdeshuzhijierbaozhengfadianjiduanshuchudianyadepinlvhefuzhidehengding
，qiyunxingfanweibijiaozhai
，zhinengzaiyidingfengsuxiabuhuofengneng，fadianxiaolvjiaodi。biansuhengpinfenglifadianxitongyibancaiyongyongcitongbudianjihuozheshuangkuidianjizuoweifadianji，tongguobianjiangjukongzhifenglunshizhenggexitongzaihendadesudufanweineianzhaozuijiadexiaolvyunxing，shimuqianfenglifadianjishudefazhanfangxiang。duiyufengjilaishuo，qitiaosufanweiyibanzaitongbusude50%～150％zhijian，ruguocaiyongputongshulongyibudianjixitonghuozheyongcitongbudianjixitong，bianpinqiderongliangyaoqiuyusuotuodongdefadianjirongliangxiangdang
，zheshifeichangbujingjide。shuangkuiyibufenglifadianxitongdingzihedianwangzhijiexianglianjie，zhuanzihegonglvbianhuanqixianglianjie，tongguobianhuanqidegonglvjinjinshizhuanchagonglv，zheshigezhongchuandongxitongzhongxiaolvbijiaogaode，gaijiegoushiheyutiaosufanweibukuandefenglifadianxitong，youqishida
、中容量的風力發電係統。

    本(ben)文(wen)將(jiang)從(cong)變(bian)速(su)恒(heng)頻(pin)異(yi)步(bu)風(feng)力(li)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)拓(tuo)撲(pu)結(jie)構(gou)及(ji)其(qi)控(kong)製(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)兩(liang)個(ge)方(fang)麵(mian)對(dui)變(bian)頻(pin)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)進(jin)行(xing)綜(zong)述(shu)，以(yi)反(fan)映(ying)變(bian)頻(pin)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)中(zhong)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)情(qing)況(kuang)。

    采(cai)用(yong)繞(rao)線(xian)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)機(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)並(bing)對(dui)其(qi)轉(zhuan)子(zi)電(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)製(zhi)，是(shi)變(bian)速(su)恒(heng)頻(pin)異(yi)步(bu)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)形(xing)式(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)。主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)拓(tuo)撲(pu)結(jie)構(gou)包(bao)括(kuo)交(jiao)流(liu)勵(li)磁(ci)控(kong)製(zhi)
，轉(zhuan)子(zi)斬(zhan)波(bo)調(tiao)阻(zu)以(yi)及(ji)由(you)上(shang)述(shu)兩(liang)種(zhong)拓(tuo)撲(pu)結(jie)構(gou)結(jie)合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)而(er)來(lai)的(de)混(hun)合(he)結(jie)構(gou)。

    交jiao流liu勵li磁ci控kong製zhi通tong過guo變bian頻pin裝zhuang置zhi向xiang轉zhuan子zi提ti供gong三san相xiang滑hua差cha頻pin率lv的de電dian流liu進jin行xing勵li磁ci，這zhe種zhong方fang式shi的de變bian頻pin裝zhuang置zhi通tong常chang使shi用yong交jiao交jiao變bian頻pin器qi，矩ju陣zhen變bian換huan器qi或huo交jiao直zhi交jiao變bian頻pin器qi。

    交(jiao)交(jiao)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)自(zi)然(ran)換(huan)流(liu)方(fang)式(shi)

，工(gong)作(zuo)穩(wen)定(ding)
，可(ke)靠(kao)，適(shi)合(he)作(zuo)為(wei)雙(shuang)饋(kui)電(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)電(dian)源(yuan)，交(jiao)交(jiao)變(bian)頻(pin)的(de)最(zui)高(gao)輸(shu)出(chu)頻(pin)率(lv)是(shi)電(dian)網(wang)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)1/3-1/2，在zai大da功gong率lv低di頻pin範fan圍wei有you很hen大da的de優you勢shi。交jiao交jiao變bian頻pin沒mei有you直zhi流liu環huan節jie，變bian頻pin效xiao率lv高gao，主zhu回hui路lu簡jian單dan，不bu含han直zhi流liu電dian路lu及ji濾lv波bo部bu分fen，與yu電dian源yuan之zhi間jian無wu功gong功gong率lv處chu理li以yi及ji有you功gong功gong率lv回hui饋kui容rong易yi。雖sui然ran交jiao交jiao變bian頻pin雙shuang饋kui係xi統tong得de到dao了le普pu遍bian的de應ying用yong，但dan因yin其qi功gong率lv因yin數shu低di，高gao次ci諧xie波bo多duo，輸shu出chu頻pin率lv低di，變bian化hua範fan圍wei窄zhai，使shi用yong元yuan件jian數shu量liang多duo使shi之zhi應ying用yong受shou到dao了le一yi定ding的de限xian製zhi。

    矩(ju)陣(zhen)式(shi)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)交(jiao)交(jiao)直(zhi)接(jie)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)，由(you)九(jiu)個(ge)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)於(yu)三(san)相(xiang)輸(shu)入(ru)和(he)輸(shu)出(chu)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)開(kai)關(guan)陣(zhen)組(zu)成(cheng)。矩(ju)陣(zhen)變(bian)換(huan)器(qi)沒(mei)有(you)中(zhong)間(jian)直(zhi)流(liu)環(huan)節(jie)

，輸(shu)出(chu)由(you)三(san)個(ge)電(dian)平(ping)組(zu)成(cheng)，諧(xie)波(bo)含(han)量(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)小(xiao)；其功率電路簡單
、緊湊，並可輸出頻率、幅值及相位可控的正弦負載電壓
；矩ju陣zhen變bian換huan器qi的de輸shu入ru功gong率lv因yin數shu可ke控kong，可ke在zai四si象xiang限xian工gong作zuo。雖sui然ran矩ju陣zhen變bian換huan器qi有you很hen多duo優you點dian
，但dan是shi在zai其qi換huan流liu過guo程cheng中zhong不bu允yun許xu存cun在zai兩liang個ge開kai關guan同tong時shi導dao通tong的de或huo者zhe關guan斷duan的de現xian象xiang，實shi現xian起qi來lai比bi較jiao困kun難nan。矩ju陣zhen變bian換huan器qi最zui大da輸shu出chu電dian壓ya能neng力li低di，器qi件jian承cheng受shou電dian壓ya高gao也ye是shi此ci類lei變bian換huan器qi一yi個ge很hen大da缺que點dian。應ying用yong在zai風feng力li發fa電dian中zhong，由you於yu矩ju陣zhen變bian換huan器qi的de輸shu入ru輸shu出chu不bu解jie耦ou，即ji無wu論lun是shi負fu載zai還hai是shi電dian源yuan側ce的de不bu對dui稱cheng都dou會hui影ying響xiang到dao另ling一yi側ce。另ling外wai，矩ju陣zhen變bian換huan器qi的de輸shu入ru端duan必bi須xu接jie濾lv波bo電dian容rong，雖sui然ran其qi電dian容rong的de容rong量liang比bi交jiao直zhi交jiao的de中zhong間jian儲chu能neng電dian容rong小xiao，但dan由you於yu它ta們men是shi交jiao流liu電dian容rong
，要yao承cheng受shou開kai關guan頻pin率lv的de交jiao流liu電dian流liu，其qi體ti積ji並bing不bu小xiao。

    交(jiao)直(zhi)交(jiao)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)又(you)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)電(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)和(he)電(dian)流(liu)型(xing)兩(liang)種(zhong)，由(you)於(yu)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)硬(ying)件(jian)設(she)計(ji)等(deng)各(ge)種(zhong)因(yin)素(su)，電(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)應(ying)用(yong)比(bi)較(jiao)廣(guang)泛(fan)。傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)型(xing)交(jiao)直(zhi)交(jiao)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)然(ran)換(huan)流(liu)的(de)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)功(gong)率(lv)開(kai)關(guan)，其(qi)直(zhi)流(liu)側(ce)電(dian)感(gan)比(bi)較(jiao)昂(ang)貴(gui)，而(er)且(qie)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)雙(shuang)饋(kui)調(tiao)速(su)中(zhong)
，在(zai)過(guo)同(tong)步(bu)速(su)時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)換(huan)流(liu)電(dian)路(lu)，在(zai)低(di)轉(zhuan)差(cha)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)性(xing)能(neng)也(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)差(cha)
，在(zai)雙(shuang)饋(kui)異(yi)步(bu)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)中(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)不(bu)多(duo)。采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)交(jiao)直(zhi)交(jiao)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)這(zhe)種(zhong)整(zheng)流(liu)變(bian)頻(pin)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)具(ju)有(you)結(jie)構(gou)簡(jian)單(dan)、諧波含量少
、定ding轉zhuan子zi功gong率lv因yin數shu可ke調tiao等deng優you異yi特te點dian，可ke以yi明ming顯xian地di改gai善shan雙shuang饋kui發fa電dian機ji的de運yun行xing狀zhuang態tai和he輸shu出chu電dian能neng質zhi量liang，並bing且qie該gai結jie構gou通tong過guo直zhi流liu母mu線xian側ce電dian容rong完wan全quan實shi現xian了le網wang側ce和he轉zhuan子zi側ce的de分fen離li。電dian壓ya型xing交jiao直zhi交jiao變bian頻pin器qi的de雙shuang饋kui發fa電dian機ji定ding子zi磁ci場chang定ding向xiang矢shi量liang控kong製zhi係xi統tong，實shi現xian了le基ji於yu風feng機ji最zui大da功gong率lv點dian跟gen蹤zong的de發fa電dian機ji有you功gong和he無wu功gong的de解jie耦ou控kong製zhi，是shi目mu前qian變bian速su恒heng頻pin風feng力li發fa電dian的de一yi個ge代dai表biao方fang向xiang。

    此(ci)外(wai)
，還(hai)有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)並(bing)聯(lian)的(de)交(jiao)直(zhi)交(jiao)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)拓(tuo)撲(pu)結(jie)構(gou)。這(zhe)種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)思(si)想(xiang)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)交(jiao)直(zhi)交(jiao)電(dian)流(liu)型(xing)和(he)一(yi)個(ge)交(jiao)直(zhi)交(jiao)電(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)並(bing)聯(lian)，電(dian)流(liu)型(xing)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)負(fu)責(ze)功(gong)率(lv)傳(chuan)輸(shu)，電(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)輔(fu)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)負(fu)責(ze)補(bu)償(chang)電(dian)流(liu)型(xing)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)諧(xie)波(bo)。這(zhe)種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)主(zhu)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)有(you)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)開(kai)關(guan)頻(pin)率(lv)
，輔(fu)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)有(you)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)流(liu)。同(tong)上(shang)麵(mian)提(ti)到(dao)的(de)交(jiao)直(zhi)交(jiao)電(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)相(xiang)比(bi)較(jiao)
，該(gai)拓(tuo)撲(pu)結(jie)構(gou)具(ju)有(you)低(di)開(kai)關(guan)損(sun)耗(hao)，整(zheng)個(ge)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)。其(qi)缺(que)點(dian)也(ye)是(shi)顯(xian)而(er)易(yi)見(jian)的(de)，大(da)量(liang)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)導(dao)致(zhi)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)上(shang)升(sheng)以(yi)及(ji)更(geng)加(jia)複(fu)雜(za)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi)算(suan)法(fa)，另(ling)外(wai)該(gai)種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)電(dian)壓(ya)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)比(bi)較(jiao)低(di)。

    上個世紀90年代中期丹麥的Vestas公司采用了一種轉子電流控製結構（OptiSlip），也稱為斬波調阻結構
，如圖1所示。這種結構的基本思想是采用一個可控電力電子開關，以固定載波頻率的PWM方法控製繞線電機轉子回路中附加電阻接入時間的長短，從而調節轉子電流的幅值，控製滑差約在10%的(de)範(fan)圍(wei)之(zhi)內(nei)。該(gai)結(jie)構(gou)依(yi)靠(kao)外(wai)部(bu)控(kong)製(zhi)器(qi)給(gei)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)基(ji)準(zhun)值(zhi)和(he)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)測(ce)量(liang)值(zhi)計(ji)算(suan)出(chu)轉(zhuan)子(zi)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)，通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)導(dao)通(tong)和(he)關(guan)斷(duan)來(lai)調(tiao)整(zheng)轉(zhuan)子(zi)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)。這(zhe)種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子(zi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)機(ji)構(gou)相(xiang)對(dui)簡(jian)單(dan)


，但(dan)是(shi)其(qi)定(ding)子(zi)側(ce)功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數(shu)比(bi)較(jiao)低(di)
，且(qie)隻(zhi)能(neng)在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)同(tong)步(bu)轉(zhuan)速(su)以(yi)上(shang)運(yun)行(xing)，是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)受(shou)限(xian)製(zhi)的(de)變(bian)速(su)恒(heng)頻(pin)係(xi)統(tong)。

圖1 OptiSlip結構繞線式異步風力發電係統框圖

    為(wei)了(le)降(jiang)低(di)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)並(bing)且(qie)能(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)現(xian)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)寬(kuan)轉(zhuan)速(su)範(fan)圍(wei)運(yun)行(xing)，有(you)文(wen)獻(xian)提(ti)出(chu)一(yi)種(zhong)基(ji)於(yu)雙(shuang)饋(kui)電(dian)機(ji)斬(zhan)波(bo)調(tiao)阻(zu)與(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)勵(li)磁(ci)控(kong)製(zhi)策(ce)略(lve)多(duo)功(gong)能(neng)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)拓(tuo)撲(pu)結(jie)構(gou),將整流器、zhanboqihenibianqijiehezaiyiqi，gaijiegoudeqiaomiaozhichuzaiyuzhanboqihenibianqigongyongleyizukekongdedianlidianzikaiguan，danshiyouyuyinrulesigejiechuqixingdeshoukongkaiguan，daozhigaijiegoudezhuhuilujiegoufuza，hennanshixiantongbusuqiehuanguochengdeguodu，erqiezaigaoyutongbusuyunxingqingkuangxiananyigaishanfadianjidegonglvyinshu。ciwai，haiyouwenxiantichulexinxingzhuanzidianliuhunhekongzhidedianlutuopujiegoujiqikongzhicelve
，gaikongzhifangfajianbeijiaoliulicikongzhihezhuanzizhanbotiaozufadeyoudian，nengxianzhujiangdizhuanzibianliuqideyingjianchengbenyijikongzhijishudefuzaxing，bingqiekeyishixianfadianjidekuanzhuansufanweiyunxing
，wuxuzaitongbusudianguodu，zaizhenggeyunxudesudufanweineidoukeyijinxingdingzishuchuyougong、無功功率獨立調節，同時發電機輸出功率因數可控
，缺點是輸入側功率因數低
，風能轉換效率低。

    交流勵磁結構即雙饋變速恒頻風力發電係統得到了非常廣泛的應用，在其發展過程中出現了很多控製策略，主要包括矢量控製
、標量控製以及直接功率控製等。

    德國工程師F.Blashke在zai上shang世shi紀ji七qi十shi年nian代dai提ti出chu的de矢shi量liang控kong製zhi原yuan理li
，使shi得de交jiao流liu調tiao速su技ji術shu發fa生sheng了le一yi次ci質zhi的de飛fei躍yue，應ying用yong在zai雙shuang饋kui調tiao速su上shang
，獲huo得de了le令ling人ren振zhen奮fen的de動dong靜jing態tai性xing能neng。矢shi量liang控kong製zhi的de理li論lun基ji礎chu是shi磁ci場chang定ding向xiang原yuan理li，通tong過guo引yin入ru坐zuo標biao變bian換huan
，將jiang原yuan來lai複fu雜za的de雙shuang饋kui電dian機ji模mo型xing等deng效xiao為weid-q模型的基礎上，對坐標軸的交叉耦合信號進行有效的補償，可以得到類似直流調速的效果。

shuangkuixitongdeshiliangkongzhijiegoutongchangjiangzhuanzijiaoliuliangfenjiechengyougongfenlianghewugongfenliang，bingduizhijinxingbihuankongzhi。tongchangweilejianhuashuangkuishiliangkongzhixitongdediancizhuanjuheqitashiliangzhijiandefuzaguanxi
，xuyaoshizuobiaozhoudingxiangzaimougeshiliangshang。yibande，zaishuangkuixitongkeyixuanzededingxiangshiliangweidingzicilian、氣隙磁鏈、定子電壓以及轉子電流等。其中，比較常用的是以定子磁鏈和氣隙磁鏈為定向矢量的控製方法。

    基於多標量模型的雙饋電機控製方法通過多標量模型變換電機係統到兩個獨立的線性子係統中
，利用PI調(tiao)節(jie)器(qi)控(kong)製(zhi)定(ding)子(zi)的(de)有(you)功(gong)和(he)無(wu)功(gong)。在(zai)該(gai)方(fang)案(an)中(zhong)，定(ding)義(yi)轉(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)速(su)
，定(ding)子(zi)磁(ci)鏈(lian)幅(fu)值(zhi)的(de)平(ping)方(fang)
，定(ding)子(zi)磁(ci)鏈(lian)和(he)轉(zhuan)子(zi)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)叉(cha)積(ji)和(he)點(dian)積(ji)四(si)個(ge)標(biao)量(liang)，並(bing)根(gen)據(ju)上(shang)述(shu)四(si)個(ge)標(biao)量(liang)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)微(wei)分(fen)方(fang)程(cheng)，在(zai)忽(hu)略(lve)定(ding)子(zi)電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，對(dui)定(ding)子(zi)磁(ci)通(tong)做(zuo)歸(gui)一(yi)化(hua)處(chu)理(li)後(hou)，電(dian)機(ji)的(de)有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)以(yi)及(ji)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)可(ke)以(yi)解(jie)耦(ou)控(kong)製(zhi)。

    矢shi量liang控kong製zhi的de雙shuang饋kui係xi統tong結jie構gou複fu雜za，性xing能neng受shou電dian機ji參can數shu影ying響xiang
，受shou到dao異yi步bu電dian機ji直zhi接jie轉zhuan矩ju控kong製zhi的de啟qi發fa
，有you的de學xue者zhe致zhi力li於yu研yan究jiu變bian速su恒heng頻pin發fa電dian係xi統tong的de直zhi接jie功gong率lv控kong製zhi。應ying用yong在zai變bian速su恒heng頻pin發fa電dian係xi統tong的de直zhi接jie功gong率lv控kong製zhi不bu同tong於yu傳chuan統tong的de直zhi接jie轉zhuan矩ju控kong製zhi
，它ta通tong過guo檢jian測ce定ding子zi端duan的de量liang來lai控kong製zhi轉zhuan子zi端duan的de開kai關guan動dong作zuo，但dan控kong製zhi方fang法fa不bu使shi用yong轉zhuan子ziPWMdianyadejifen，yincikeyiwendinggongzuozailingpinlvfujin，erqiegaifangfabuyaoweizhichuanganqiyijiduicanshulubangxingqiang。butongyushiliangkongzhijishu，zhijiegonglvkongzhibuxuyaofuzadezuobiaobianhuan
，ershitongguokongzhizhuanziciliandefuzhihexiangduiyudingzicilianweizhi
，jierkeyitongguoyougonggonglvhewugonggonglvdePI調節器跟蹤參考值來控製發電機輸出的有功功率和無功功率。

    除了上麵提到的一些雙饋異步風力發電係統基本控製策略以外，雙饋變速恒頻異步風力發電係統還有許多研究熱點包括：

    ruanbingwangheruanjielieshimuqianfenglifadianxitongdeyigezhongyaobufen。yibande，dangdianwangrongliangbifadianjiderongliangdadeduodeshihou
，keyibukaolvfadianjibingwangdechongjidianliu，jianyumuqianbingwangyunxingdefadianjizuyijingfazhandaozhaowajishuiping，suoyibixuyaoxianzhifadianjizaibingwanghejielieshihoudechongjidianliu，zuodaoduidianwangwuchongjihuozhechongjizuixiao。

    jinnian

，shuangkuidianjidewuweizhiyijisuduchuanganqikongzhichenglefenglifadianlingyudeyigezhongyaoyanjiufangxiang
，zaishuangkuiyibufenglifadianxitongzhongxuyaozhidaodianjizhuansuyijiweizhixinxi，danshisuduyijiweizhichuanganqidecaiyongtigaolechengbenbingqiedailaileyixiebubian。lilunshangkeyitongguodianjidedianyahedianliushishijisuanchudianjidezhuansu，congershixianwusuduchuanganqikongzhi。zaifenglifadianxitongzhong
，wuchuanganqikongzhidailaileyixiayoudian：采(cai)用(yong)無(wu)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)使(shi)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)和(he)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)連(lian)線(xian)消(xiao)除(chu)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)係(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)，增(zeng)強(qiang)了(le)控(kong)製(zhi)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)抗(kang)幹(gan)擾(rao)性(xing)和(he)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)
，另(ling)外(wai)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)了(le)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)軸(zhou)向(xiang)尺(chi)寸(cun)，降(jiang)低(di)硬(ying)件(jian)複(fu)雜(za)性(xing)
、總成本以及維護要求。

    bingwangxingshuangkuifenglifadianjixitongdedingziraozulianjiedianwangshang，zaiyunxingguochengzhong，gezhongyuanyinyinqidedianwangdianyabodong，dieluoshenzhiduanluguzhanghuiyingxiangfadianjidebujianduanyunxing。dianwangfashengturandieluoshi，fadianjijiangchanshengjiaogaodeshunshidiancizhuanjuhediancigonglv，kenengzaochengfadianjixitongdejixiesunhuaihuoresunhuai，suoyisanxiangdianwangdianyaturandieluoshidexitongchixuyunxingkongzhicelvedeyanjiushimuqianyanjiuredian。

此外，雙饋風力發電係統的頻率穩定以及無功極限方麵也是目前研究的熱點。

    北京清能華福風電技術有限公司生產的適配於1.5MW級變速恒頻雙饋異步風力發電係統的QHVERT-DFIG-1500B型變頻器使用三相背靠背電壓型變流器
，采用“基於雙DSP的全數字化矢量控製策略”技(ji)術(shu)對(dui)雙(shuang)饋(kui)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)進(jin)行(xing)勵(li)磁(ci)
，通(tong)過(guo)引(yin)入(ru)坐(zuo)標(biao)變(bian)換(huan)，將(jiang)轉(zhuan)子(zi)交(jiao)流(liu)量(liang)分(fen)解(jie)成(cheng)有(you)功(gong)分(fen)量(liang)和(he)無(wu)功(gong)分(fen)量(liang)，並(bing)對(dui)之(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)閉(bi)環(huan)控(kong)製(zhi)，從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)有(you)功(gong)和(he)無(wu)功(gong)的(de)解(jie)耦(ou)控(kong)製(zhi)。其(qi)主(zhu)回(hui)路(lu)如(ru)圖(tu)2所示：

圖2：主回路圖

    QHVERT-DFIG-1500B變bian速su恒heng頻pin雙shuang饋kui異yi步bu風feng力li發fa電dian機ji變bian流liu器qi通tong過guo對dui雙shuang饋kui風feng力li發fa電dian機ji的de轉zhuan子zi側ce進jin行xing勵li磁ci。雙shuang饋kui發fa電dian機ji的de定ding子zi側ce輸shu出chu與yu電dian網wang電dian壓ya頻pin率lv和he相xiang位wei相xiang同tong，並bing且qie可ke根gen據ju需xu要yao進jin行xing有you功gong和he無wu功gong的de獨du立li解jie耦ou控kong製zhi。QHVERT-DFIG-1500B型變流器控製雙饋風力發電機實現軟並網發電


，減小雙饋風力發電機的並網衝擊電流對電機和電網造成的不利影響。QHVERT-DFIG-1500B型變流器提供多種通信接口
，用戶可利用這些接口方便的實現變流器與風力機係統控製器及風場遠程監控係統的集成控製。

    圖3至圖5為在上海某電機廠地麵實驗的試驗波形，圖中從上到下，依次為CH1-CH6

，CH1為電網電流A相
，流向電網為正；CH2為定子電流A相，定子繞組流出為正；CH3為轉子電流A相，變流器流出為正；CH4為整流電流A相，流入變流器為正；CH5為電網電壓BC相，（CH9）CH6為定子電壓BC相。

 

圖3：1800RPM係統並網之前波形圖  

     
圖4：1800RPM係統滿載運行波形圖

圖5：係統變速運行波形圖

    從cong上shang麵mian的de介jie紹shao可ke以yi看kan出chu
，我wo國guo的de變bian速su恒heng頻pin雙shuang饋kui異yi步bu風feng力li發fa電dian係xi統tong用yong變bian流liu器qi的de產chan業ye化hua工gong作zuo正zheng邁mai著zhe堅jian實shi的de步bu伐fa大da踏ta步bu的de前qian進jin著zhe，這zhe對dui實shi現xian兆zhao瓦wa級ji風feng力li發fa電dian設she備bei的de國guo產chan化hua有you著zhe重zhong要yao而er且qie積ji極ji的de意yi義yi。

    suizhebianpinjishudepengbofazhan，biansuhengpinyibufadianjishutebieshishuangkuiyibufenglifadianjishudeyikuaisushiyong

，qidanjirongliangyijingdadaozhaowaji，xunsuchengweifengdianchangdezhulijixing。jinershinianlai，zaifenglifengdiandebianpinjishushangqudelexuduofeichangyouyiyidechengguo，woguozaibianpinqidechanyehuashangyequdelehendadejinzhan。womenxiangxinshuangkuibiansuhengpinfenglifadianjishubijiangzaiweilaixiangdangchangyiduanshijianzaifengdianlingyubanyanfeichangzhongyaodejiaose。

北京清能華福風電技術有限公司 研發部