編者語：xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，tigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。benwenjieshaogongkongzhujixunihuajishudetedian，xiangxijieshaoleruhejiangxunihuajishuyingyongyugongkongji。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu
，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing

，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案
，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng

，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMMruanjiannenggougaijinchunruanjianjiejuefangan。youyuxunihuayingjianketigongquanxindejiagou
，zhichicaozuoxitongzhijiezaishangmianyunxing
，congerwuxujinxingerjinzhizhuanhuan，jianshaolexiangguandexingnengkaixiao，jidajianhualeVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫

、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用
、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong
，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian
，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi
，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming
，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調(tiao)查(zha)統(tong)計(ji)發(fa)現(xian)，百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)八(ba)十(shi)以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)事(shi)故(gu)都(dou)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)造(zao)成(cheng)，影(ying)響(xiang)係(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)磁(ci)幹(gan)擾(rao)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)因(yin)素(su)，如(ru)何(he)保(bao)證(zheng)主(zhu)機(ji)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)成(cheng)為(wei)防(fang)範(fan)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)，工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)部(bu)署(shu)的(de)是(shi)裸(luo)金(jin)屬(shu)架(jia)構(gou)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)版(ban)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)架(jia)構(gou)
，之(zhi)上(shang)再(zai)部(bu)署(shu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)

，通(tong)過(guo)翻(fan)譯(yi)對(dui)接(jie)確(que)保(bao)底(di)層(ceng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou
，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據
，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此
，環境的動態性很強。換言之
，虛擬機總在被創建
、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong
，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben
，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang ，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben
，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。