http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-16 17:47:56 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、支(zhi)撐(cheng)力(li)。麵(mian)對(dui)新(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科(ke)技(ji)革(ge)命(ming)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)變(bian)革(ge)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)性(xing)機(ji)遇(yu),唯(wei)有(you)牢(lao)牢(lao)把(ba)握(wo)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)這(zhe)一(yi)關(guan)鍵(jian)變(bian)量(liang),才(cai)能(neng)從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)增(zeng)強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)內(nei)生(sheng)動(dong)力(li),在(zai)日(ri)趨(qu)激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)重(zhong)塑(su)優(you)勢(shi)、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
kejichuangxinjuedingzhexinzhishengchanlidefazhangaodu,yeyingxiangzhezhongguojingjiweilaizaiquanqiujingzhenggejuzhongdezhanlveweishi。jinguanwoguoyixieguanjianlingyuhexinjishushouzhiyurendejumianhaimeiyouconggenbenshangdedaogaibian,danzhexiejidaitupodekadiandudian,zhengshiwomenweilaifalidezhugongfangxiang,qibeihouyunzangzhegouzhuguojiajingzhengxinyoushidejudaqianlihezhanlvekongjian。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、gaozhiliangtezheng。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,youliyushixiangaoshuipingkejiziliziqiang,zengqiangjingjijingzhengli。zhejiuyaoqiumiaozhunkejiqianyan,quanligongjianguanjianhexinjishu,yitupoxingchengguocuishengxindongneng。jianchiyitituijinjiaoyukejirencaifazhan,cujinkejichuangxinyuchanyechuangxinshenduronghe,tishengguojiachuangxintixizhengtixiaoneng,zengqiangzizhuchuangxinnengli,qiangzhanweilaikejizhigaodian。tongshi,fahuikejichuangxindeyinlingzuoyong,quanmianshishi“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、tizhixingjizhouqixingwentijiaozhidetiaozhan,hexinwentizaiyukejichuangxinnenglibuzu,duijingjishehuifazhandezhichengzuoyongweinengchongfenxianxian,gaozhiliangkejigonggeirengxianqianque。xinzhishengchanlizaizaiticengmian,gengduotixianzaigaozhiliang、高效能、高(gao)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)上(shang)。加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),能(neng)夠(gou)以(yi)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)領(ling)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan),增(zeng)強(qiang)經(jing)濟(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)。這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)深(shen)入(ru)實(shi)施(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve),促(cu)進(jin)創(chuang)新(xin)鏈(lian)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)無(wu)縫(feng)對(dui)接(jie),通(tong)過(guo)強(qiang)鏈(lian)補(bu)鏈(lian)延(yan)鏈(lian)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)整(zheng)體(ti)效(xiao)能(neng)。通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)提(ti)升(sheng)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,jiqudongfazhan,yeqianzangfengxian,xuyaozaifazhanheanquanzhijianzhaodaopinghengdian,huhangyindizhiyifazhanxinzhishengchanli。weici,xujiakuaiwanshanguojiachuangxintixi,tupoguanjianhexinjishupingjing,zengqiangzizhuchuangxinnengli,youxiaojiangdiwaibuyilai,tishengchanyelianrenxing。jiaqiangduikejifazhanqushi、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、社she會hui風feng險xian與yu倫lun理li挑tiao戰zhan進jin行xing係xi統tong評ping估gu與yu預yu案an建jian設she,構gou建jian科ke技ji安an全quan風feng險xian監jian測ce預yu警jing和he應ying對dui體ti係xi,加jia強qiang科ke技ji基ji礎chu條tiao件jian自zi主zhu保bao障zhang。同tong時shi,積ji極ji參can與yu全quan球qiu科ke技ji治zhi理li,弘hong揚yang科ke技ji向xiang善shan理li念nian,讓rang科ke技ji發fa展zhan造zao福fu各ge國guo和he各ge國guo人ren民min。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、全(quan)而(er)不(bu)精(jing)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)把(ba)發(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)著(zhe)力(li)點(dian)放(fang)在(zai)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang),加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),構(gou)建(jian)以(yi)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)為(wei)骨(gu)幹(gan)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi),使(shi)之(zhi)更(geng)具(ju)有(you)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、產chan業ye體ti係xi完wan備bei,形xing成cheng完wan整zheng且qie有you韌ren性xing的de產chan業ye鏈lian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye在zai我wo國guo產chan業ye發fa展zhan中zhong發fa揮hui著zhe重zhong要yao作zuo用yong,既ji是shi構gou建jian現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de基ji石shi,也ye是shi加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao著zhe力li點dian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye不bu等deng於yu落luo後hou產chan業ye,運yun用yong新xin技ji術shu對dui其qi進jin行xing改gai造zao提ti升sheng,是shi因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao路lu徑jing。隨sui著zhe新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge深shen入ru發fa展zhan,傳chuan統tong產chan業ye廣guang泛fan引yin入ru新xin技ji術shu、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、低di能neng耗hao的de創chuang新xin產chan品pin。這zhe表biao明ming,發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li與yu傳chuan統tong產chan業ye轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji密mi不bu可ke分fen,發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li絕jue不bu意yi味wei著zhe忽hu視shi甚shen至zhi放fang棄qi傳chuan統tong產chan業ye,而er應ying在zai保bao持chi製zhi造zao業ye合he理li比bi重zhong、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
zheyanxianjinxing,dalifazhanxinxingchanyeheweilaichanye。xiandaihuachanyetixidexianjinxingzhuyaoshizhichanyetixijubeijiaoqiangdejishuchuangxinnengli,nengshiyingxinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangeyaoqiu,chanyefazhanfuhezhinenghua、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、gaibianjingzhenggejudeguanjianliliang。shijieqiangguoqiangdadejingzhengli,hendachengdushangyuanyuqiduizhanlvexingxinxingchanyeheweilaichanyedeqianzhanbujuyuzhanlvetouru。dangqianwoguojiudeshengchanhanshuzuhefangshiyijingnanyichixu,bixujiasutishengchanyetixidexianjinxing。zhelidazaoxinxingzhizhuchanye,shishichanyechuangxingongcheng,jiakuaixinnengyuan、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、第di六liu代dai移yi動dong通tong信xin等deng成cheng為wei新xin的de經jing濟ji增zeng長chang點dian,建jian立li未wei來lai產chan業ye投tou入ru增zeng長chang和he風feng險xian分fen擔dan機ji製zhi,促cu進jin中zhong小xiao企qi業ye專zhuan精jing特te新xin發fa展zhan,更geng好hao推tui動dong經jing濟ji可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。
著zhe眼yan安an全quan性xing,增zeng強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing和he競jing爭zheng力li。產chan業ye體ti係xi的de安an全quan性xing,主zhu要yao表biao現xian為wei產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian安an全quan可ke靠kao,產chan業ye關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu自zi主zhu可ke控kong,各ge產chan業ye有you序xu鏈lian接jie,國guo民min經jing濟ji循xun環huan高gao效xiao暢chang通tong。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao強qiang化hua關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu攻gong關guan,逐zhu步bu擺bai脫tuo外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng應ying對dui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、新xin興xing產chan業ye建jian鏈lian,增zeng強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian韌ren性xing和he安an全quan水shui平ping。優you化hua重zhong大da生sheng產chan力li布bu局ju,發fa揮hui重zhong點dian區qu域yu增zeng長chang極ji作zuo用yong,推tui動dong產chan業ye在zai不bu同tong地di區qu間jian有you序xu轉zhuan移yi,建jian設she國guo家jia戰zhan略lve腹fu地di和he關guan鍵jian產chan業ye備bei份fen,提ti高gao產chan業ye體ti係xi的de抗kang風feng險xian能neng力li。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
當dang今jin世shi界jie,市shi場chang已yi成cheng為wei最zui稀xi缺que的de資zi源yuan,而er我wo國guo擁yong有you的de超chao大da規gui模mo國guo內nei市shi場chang,正zheng是shi我wo們men參can與yu國guo際ji競jing爭zheng的de關guan鍵jian優you勢shi。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,離li不bu開kai技ji術shu的de廣guang泛fan擴kuo散san與yu市shi場chang的de持chi續xu拓tuo展zhan,為wei新xin技ji術shu新xin產chan品pin推tui廣guang應ying用yong提ti供gong豐feng富fu的de應ying用yong場chang景jing和he市shi場chang空kong間jian。曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming,具ju有you超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang的de國guo家jia和he地di區qu往wang往wang都dou有you較jiao強qiang的de國guo際ji競jing爭zheng力li。然ran而er也ye要yao看kan到dao,當dang前qian我wo國guo市shi場chang體ti係xi仍reng不bu健jian全quan,“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、社(she)會(hui)信(xin)用(yong)等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)基(ji)礎(chu)製(zhi)度(du),建(jian)設(she)高(gao)標(biao)準(zhun)市(shi)場(chang)體(ti)係(xi)。關(guan)鍵(jian)要(yao)著(zhe)力(li)破(po)除(chu)市(shi)場(chang)壁(bi)壘(lei),打(da)破(po)地(di)區(qu)分(fen)割(ge)與(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)地(di)方(fang)保(bao)護(hu),充(chong)分(fen)激(ji)發(fa)市(shi)場(chang)內(nei)生(sheng)動(dong)力(li)。通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)設(she)全(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一(yi)大(da)市(shi)場(chang),引(yin)導(dao)先(xian)進(jin)優(you)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)向(xiang)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)領(ling)域(yu)順(shun)暢(chang)彙(hui)聚(ju),實(shi)現(xian)跨(kua)產(chan)業(ye)、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、gonggeihexuqiuliangxinghudong,zengqiangguoneidaxunhuanneishengdonglihekekaoxing。dalitizhenxiaofei,luoshidaguimoshebeigengxinhexiaofeipinyijiuhuanxinxiangguanzhengce,bawoguochaodaguimoshichangxuqiuheyingyongchangjingfengfudeshichangyoushizhuanhuaweituidongxinzhishengchanlifazhandeqiangdaneishengdongli。
市shi場chang分fen割ge與yu地di方fang保bao護hu是shi建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang的de主zhu要yao障zhang礙ai,也ye是shi製zhi約yue新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan和he要yao素su自zi由you流liu動dong的de深shen層ceng次ci瓶ping頸jing。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,要yao求qiu堅jian持chi全quan國guo一yi盤pan棋qi,打da通tong製zhi約yue要yao素su暢chang通tong流liu動dong的de卡ka點dian堵du點dian,實shi現xian資zi源yuan高gao效xiao組zu合he和he協xie同tong創chuang新xin。為wei此ci,要yao堅jian持chi有you效xiao市shi場chang和he有you為wei政zheng府fu相xiang結jie合he,統tong一yi政zheng府fu行xing為wei尺chi度du,自zi覺jiao破po除chu封feng閉bi小xiao市shi場chang、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”jingzheng。tongshi,yingqianghuafazhiyinlingyubaozhangzuoyong,yunyongfalvshouduanguifanshichangjingzheng,qianghuazhidutongyiyujianguanxietiao,jiakuaiqinglifeichufangaiquanguotongyishichanghegongpingjingzhengdegezhongguidinghezuofa,quanmianluoshi“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
xinzhishengchanliyijishuchuangxinweizhongyaoyinqing,yishichangxuqiuweiguanjianqianyin。jiakuaixinzhishengchanlifazhan,bujinnengmanzuxiaofeishengjixuqiu,gengnengtongguodianfuxingjishuhechuangxinchanpinchuangzaoxuqiu,tuidonggongxushuangfangdediedaishengjiyuxianghucujin,shixiangaoshuipingdongtaipingheng。yaofahuiwoguochaodaguimoshichangyoushi,tuidongshichangyou“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、合(he)作(zuo)共(gong)贏(ying)的(de)區(qu)域(yu)協(xie)同(tong)創(chuang)新(xin)格(ge)局(ju)。擴(kuo)大(da)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放(fang),利(li)用(yong)國(guo)內(nei)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)協(xie)同(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)和(he)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)應(ying),打(da)通(tong)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)高(gao)端(duan)要(yao)素(su)市(shi)場(chang),增(zeng)強(qiang)對(dui)全(quan)球(qiu)優(you)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)集(ji)聚(ju)能(neng)力(li),打(da)造(zao)吸(xi)引(yin)國(guo)際(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)要(yao)素(su)的(de)“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”hendachengdujiutixianzailvsefazhanshang。lvshuiqingshanyunhanzhewuqiongdejingjijiazhi,nengyuanyuanbuduanchuangzaozonghexiaoyi,zhichengjingjishehuikechixufazhan。dangqian,jinguanshengtaihuanjingbaohurenwujianju,danshengtaihuanjingyezaichixugaishan,buduanyunyuzhexindejingzhengyoushi。zheyouzhuyutuidongditan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)本(ben)質(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)先(xian)進(jin)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)質(zhi)態(tai),不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)求(qiu)重(zhong)構(gou)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)邏(luo)輯(ji),更(geng)強(qiang)調(tiao)人(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)。堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)綠(lv)色(se)變(bian)革(ge),通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)賦(fu)能(neng)推(tui)動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)轉(zhuan)型(xing)與(yu)高(gao)效(xiao)配(pei)置(zhi),進(jin)而(er)將(jiang)綠(lv)色(se)技(ji)術(shu)、先xian進jin產chan業ye與yu低di碳tan生sheng活huo方fang式shi全quan麵mian融rong入ru生sheng態tai文wen明ming建jian設she,旨zhi在zai突tu破po資zi源yuan環huan境jing約yue束shu,開kai辟pi可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan新xin路lu徑jing。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao全quan麵mian提ti升sheng綠lv色se科ke技ji創chuang新xin能neng力li,組zu織zhi開kai展zhan綠lv色se科ke技ji攻gong關guan,加jia強qiang數shu字zi技ji術shu與yu綠lv色se技ji術shu的de融rong合he,加jia快kuai產chan業ye綠lv色se轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji,打da造zao高gao效xiao生sheng態tai綠lv色se產chan業ye集ji群qun。加jia快kuai構gou建jian綠lv色se低di碳tan循xun環huan發fa展zhan經jing濟ji體ti係xi,壯zhuang大da綠lv色se產chan業ye和he綠lv色se經jing濟ji規gui模mo,顯xian著zhu降jiang低di全quan鏈lian條tiao能neng耗hao物wu耗hao,形xing成cheng科ke技ji含han量liang高gao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
xinzhishengchanliqubieyuchuantongshengchanlideyigezhongyaofangmian,jiushijiangshengtaihuanjingdengyaosunarushengchanhanshu,jiaqianglvsekejichuangxin,tigaoziyuanliyongxiaolv。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,jiuyaolaogushulihejianxinglvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshandelinian,jiandingbuyizoushengtaiyouxian、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
生sheng態tai安an全quan是shi國guo家jia安an全quan的de重zhong要yao基ji石shi。作zuo為wei綠lv色se生sheng產chan力li,新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan與yu生sheng態tai安an全quan緊jin密mi相xiang連lian。必bi須xu堅jian持chi以yi總zong體ti國guo家jia安an全quan觀guan為wei指zhi導dao,從cong保bao障zhang國guo家jia生sheng態tai安an全quan、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、wendingxinghechixuxing。yaozhashituijinshengtaibaohuxiufu,qianghuajianguanxiaoneng,jiakuaijiansheguojiashengtaianquanpingzhang,weizisunhoudailiuxiashanqingshuixiudeshengtaikongjian。chixutuijinwuranfangzhigongjianheshengtaixitongyouhua,jijiyouxiaoyingduigezhongshengtaihuanjingfengxiantiaozhan,bashengtaihuanjingfengxiannaruchangtaihuaguanli,xitonggoujianquanguocheng、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。