http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-09 13:46:06 來源:中國電氣自動化網
編者語:“今年是近些年來經濟發展最困難的一年”、“國際經濟形勢複雜多變,國際金融動蕩,全球經濟明顯減速,形勢還可能進一步加劇,這些變化對我國的影響不可低估。”國務院總理溫家寶本月20rirushishuo。yichangfashengzaidayangbiandecidaifengbaoyichengweiquanshijiedegongtonghuati,zhongguodaodishoudaoleduoshaoyingxiang?zhongguodegongkongxingyeshifoushoudaolecicijinrongweijideyingxiang?
zhongguochukouchanpinzhongdedabufendoushilirunlvbugaodezhizaojiagongpin,zheshidehenduochukouqiyemianlingengdadeshengcunyali。tongshi,meiyuandebuduanbianzhi,yetuidonglegeleidazongshangpinjiagedeshangzhang。wulunshiguojiliangshijiagedafudushangzhang,haishiguojishichangshangshiyou、金屬等產品價格高位運行,都導致我國能源、原yuan材cai料liao購gou進jin價jia格ge居ju高gao不bu下xia。同tong時shi,它ta們men也ye推tui動dong了le國guo內nei相xiang關guan產chan品pin價jia格ge上shang漲zhang,一yi起qi構gou成cheng了le企qi業ye的de現xian實shi成cheng本ben壓ya力li。而er勞lao動dong力li成cheng本ben和he原yuan材cai料liao成cheng本ben的de不bu斷duan上shang升sheng,更geng導dao致zhi大da批pi製zhi造zao企qi業ye的de生sheng產chan經jing營ying麵mian臨lin著zhe困kun境jing,而er這zhe些xie消xiao極ji因yin素su也ye勢shi必bi會hui對dui工gong控kong行xing業ye產chan生sheng影ying響xiang。
僅(jin)就(jiu)工(gong)控(kong)行(xing)業(ye)而(er)言(yan),首(shou)先(xian),由(you)於(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)和(he)資(zi)源(yuan)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)大(da)幅(fu)上(shang)漲(zhang)使(shi)得(de)位(wei)居(ju)上(shang)遊(you)的(de)原(yuan)廠(chang)商(shang)成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)增(zeng),從(cong)而(er)也(ye)就(jiu)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)支(zhi)持(chi)其(qi)采(cai)取(qu)通(tong)過(guo)適(shi)度(du)的(de)讓(rang)利(li)優(you)惠(hui)以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)或(huo)維(wei)持(chi)市(shi)場(chang)占(zhan)有(you)率(lv)的(de)策(ce)略(lve),甚(shen)至(zhi),原(yuan)廠(chang)商(shang)將(jiang)會(hui)通(tong)過(guo)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)供(gong)貨(huo)價(jia)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)其(qi)自(zi)身(shen)銷(xiao)售(shou)利(li)潤(run)的(de)損(sun)失(shi)或(huo)至(zhi)少(shao)維(wei)持(chi)原(yuan)有(you)之(zhi)利(li)潤(run)不(bu)會(hui)下(xia)降(jiang),而(er)同(tong)時(shi)位(wei)居(ju)下(xia)遊(you)的(de)最(zui)終(zhong)客(ke)戶(hu)也(ye)因(yin)為(wei)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)被(bei)迫(po)降(jiang)價(jia)銷(xiao)售(shou),這(zhe)上(shang)下(xia)一(yi)夾(jia),就(jiu)把(ba)中(zhong)間(jian)的(de)利(li)潤(run)空(kong)間(jian)及(ji)生(sheng)存(cun)空(kong)間(jian)擠(ji)的(de)所(suo)剩(sheng)無(wu)幾(ji);其qi次ci,隨sui著zhe宏hong觀guan調tiao控kong帶dai來lai的de緊jin縮suo貨huo幣bi政zheng策ce,導dao致zhi了le市shi場chang資zi金jin供gong給gei量liang的de大da幅fu下xia降jiang和he資zi金jin成cheng本ben的de大da幅fu飆biao升sheng,這zhe已yi經jing不bu單dan單dan是shi擠ji壓ya企qi業ye利li潤run空kong間jian的de問wen題ti,更geng加jia上shang升sheng到dao了le危wei及ji企qi業ye生sheng存cun安an全quan的de高gao度du。相xiang當dang數shu量liang的de希xi望wang在zai此ci環huan境jing中zhong生sheng存cun下xia來lai的de製zhi造zao企qi業ye都dou不bu得de不bu想xiang辦ban法fa壓ya縮suo應ying收shou賬zhang款kuan,適shi量liang擴kuo大da應ying付fu賬zhang款kuan,最zui重zhong要yao的de是shi,隨sui著zhe緊jin接jie著zhe全quan球qiu通tong脹zhang而er來lai的de全quan球qiu經jing濟ji衰shuai退tui初chu現xian端duan倪ni,相xiang應ying的de全quan球qiu消xiao費fei也ye都dou出chu現xian了le較jiao為wei明ming顯xian的de抑yi製zhi,而er這zhe些xie都dou大da大da加jia劇ju了le生sheng產chan製zhi造zao企qi業ye的de生sheng存cun困kun境jing,呈cheng現xian的de現xian象xiang就jiu是shi由you於yu銷xiao售shou路lu徑jing的de變bian窄zhai變bian細xi勢shi必bi帶dai來lai了le道dao路lu堵du賽sai的de狀zhuang況kuang,於yu是shi競jing爭zheng進jin一yi步bu加jia劇ju。在zai這zhe樣yang的de大da環huan境jing下xia,再zai加jia之zhi近jin些xie年nian中zhong國guo經jing濟ji學xue界jie總zong結jie出chu來lai的de有you中zhong國guo特te色se的de“餓狼現象”的普遍存在,工控行業也就不可避免的陷入了同質化的惡性競爭狀態之中。
工控行業服務於紡織、建築、汽車、造船、印刷、石化等多個行業,隨著這些行業在金融危機受到波及,工控行業也或多或少的受到了影響。
紡織行業
受生產所用原、輔材料成本、能源成本、勞動力成本等持續上升、人民幣升值、meiguocidaiweijiheguoneishichangchixupiruandegongtongyingxiang,zaichukoushouzuzhongsuoshouyingxiangyouzhong。bianpinqichanpinzaixiandaifangzhilingdaodeyingyongyouweizhongyao,zhexieguoneiganggangxingqidebianpinqichanyeyouyicizaodaolezhongchuang,tongshizhongduobianpinqichangshangyezaifenfenxunzhaoxindechukou。
造船業
guoneijinnianlaichixufanrongdezaochuanyeduigangcaixuqiuchanshengleqiangdazhicheng,erjinrongweijidedaolai,sihuyaoshifanrongdezaochuanyechuxianweisuodeguaidian。zuizhijiededajijianglaiziquanqiumaoyiweisuo,daozhichuanzhidingdanliangdafuxiajiang。guojimaoyidexingshengqujueyugegeguojiadejingjifazhanqingkuang。wandunlunzaiyunshushangdeyoushizhuyaotixianweikeyiyunsongshuliang、體積巨大的物品以及運送距離遠而運費低廉。因此,它所承載的往往是石油、鐵礦石、糧食、水(shui)泥(ni)等(deng)支(zhi)撐(cheng)一(yi)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)基(ji)礎(chu)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)大(da)宗(zong)商(shang)品(pin)。當(dang)各(ge)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)進(jin)入(ru)衰(shuai)退(tui),對(dui)於(yu)大(da)宗(zong)商(shang)品(pin)的(de)貿(mao)易(yi)需(xu)求(qiu)下(xia)降(jiang)將(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)航(hang)運(yun)業(ye)的(de)衰(shuai)退(tui)傳(chuan)遞(di)到(dao)造(zao)船(chuan)業(ye)。如(ru)果(guo)美(mei)國(guo)金(jin)融(rong)風(feng)暴(bao)沒(mei)有(you)得(de)到(dao)遏(e)製(zhi),危(wei)機(ji)必(bi)將(jiang)由(you)金(jin)融(rong)領(ling)域(yu)拓(tuo)展(zhan)到(dao)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji),屆(jie)時(shi)全(quan)球(qiu)的(de)貿(mao)易(yi)量(liang)必(bi)將(jiang)大(da)幅(fu)下(xia)滑(hua)。
汽車業
自2002年以來,我國汽車市場超高速增長達6年之久,遠遠超過我國GDP的增長速度。而如今這種超高速增長開始刹車,據中國汽車工業協會最新數據統計,今年1~8月,全國乘用車市場總體表現低迷,我國乘用車產銷463.24萬輛和455.03萬輛,同比增長13.67%和13.15%,與上年同期相比,增幅回落8.32個百分點和10.94個百分點。從8月份的汽車銷量來看,歐洲同比銳降16%,北美降幅達15.5%,日本汽車銷量下降14.9%。而國內汽車銷量同比下降了5.4%,環比下降了6.0%。汽qi車che產chan品pin的de銷xiao量liang下xia滑hua直zhi接jie影ying響xiang到dao汽qi車che電dian子zi這zhe個ge龐pang大da的de產chan業ye以yi及ji工gong控kong行xing業ye內nei的de一yi部bu分fen產chan業ye鏈lian,中zhong國guo的de汽qi車che電dian子zi業ye尚shang未wei成cheng熟shu,仍reng依yi賴lai於yu進jin口kou器qi件jian,但dan這zhe樣yang的de境jing況kuang,對dui中zhong國guo汽qi車che電dian子zi行xing業ye的de發fa時shi起qi到dao了le一yi定ding的de影ying響xiang,使shi得de汽qi車che電dian子zi行xing業ye在zai中zhong國guo的de發fa展zhan速su度du也ye減jian慢man下xia來lai。
房地產行業
zhongguofangdichanjiagehualuo,muqianzhengshishizaizaidefasheng。suishuoqijiagexiahuadezhuyin,shiguoneiloushijiagepaomotaidaheguoneihongguantiaokongzhengcedeshuangzhongyali,danzhengzaifashengdemeiguojinrongfengbao,yeshidezhongguoloushimianlingengdadetaoxianhexuqiuxiahuadeyali。youci,bijiangduifangdichantouzichanshengxiangdangdadeyingxiang,jineryingxiangdaogudingzichantouzidezengchang。fangdichanxingqingshiyingxiangdaozhenggezhongguojingjizuishengyaodehuanjie,bujinduigongkongxingyeyouyidingdeyingxiang。
鋼鐵行業
對鋼材需求量比較大的行業,如房地產、汽車製造、造zao船chuan業ye的de走zou向xiang直zhi接jie影ying響xiang鋼gang鐵tie行xing業ye的de發fa展zhan。而er在zai金jin融rong危wei機ji正zheng向xiang實shi體ti經jing濟ji波bo及ji加jia深shen的de背bei景jing下xia,鋼gang鐵tie行xing業ye也ye難nan獨du善shan其qi身shen。同tong時shi由you於yu全quan球qiu經jing濟ji處chu於yu悲bei觀guan氣qi氛fen的de籠long罩zhao,鋼gang材cai價jia格ge將jiang會hui處chu在zai較jiao長chang一yi段duan時shi間jian的de下xia行xing通tong道dao之zhi中zhong。雖sui然ran很hen多duo經jing濟ji學xue家jia認ren為wei中zhong國guo經jing濟ji的de基ji本ben麵mian良liang好hao,其qi所suo受shou到dao金jin融rong危wei機ji的de影ying響xiang將jiang會hui有you限xian,更geng有you樂le觀guan人ren士shi認ren為wei,中zhong國guo將jiang再zai度du帶dai領ling世shi界jie走zou出chu經jing濟ji危wei機ji的de陰yin影ying。但dan這zhe將jiang經jing曆li幾ji年nian的de時shi間jian,期qi間jian鋼gang材cai價jia格ge雖sui有you起qi伏fu,但dan最zui終zhong走zou出chu下xia行xing通tong道dao,還hai將jiang在zai世shi界jie經jing濟ji基ji本ben麵mian轉zhuan好hao之zhi後hou。
對以上行業的分析來看,金融危機導致了紡織、造船、汽車、印刷、石化等行業市場疲軟、產能下降,進而通過供需關係間接影響到了工控產品的需求量。
另(ling)外(wai)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji),導(dao)致(zhi)國(guo)內(nei)貨(huo)幣(bi)緊(jin)縮(suo),對(dui)工(gong)控(kong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)融(rong)資(zi)及(ji)貸(dai)款(kuan)的(de)進(jin)展(zhan)都(dou)有(you)了(le)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)阻(zu)礙(ai),使(shi)得(de)有(you)些(xie)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)資(zi)金(jin)鏈(lian)了(le)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti),直(zhi)接(jie)使(shi)得(de)工(gong)控(kong)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)大(da)幅(fu)下(xia)滑(hua)。[page_break]
muqianwaiweishichangdezhengtixingshiyiranburongleguan,zhegeixianxiazhongguojingjidefazhandailailebuxiaodetiaozhan,danyeyouqiyejiarenweizhegeizhongguoqiyedailaixindefazhanjihui。weiruanquanqiuzishenfuzongcaizhangyaqinjiubiaoshi,jingjizongshihuihuifude,xianzaiyoulianggejihuizhidezhongguoqiyeguanzhu。diyixianzaishihenhaodebinggoudejihui。yinweibuguanshicanguhaishibinggoudoukeyinadaohenbianyidejiage,youqikeyiguanzhuyouhexinjishudegongsi;第二這是吸引全球高端人才的最好的機會。華爾街現在有20萬wan人ren失shi業ye,其qi中zhong有you很hen多duo是shi優you秀xiu的de企qi業ye人ren才cai,他ta們men的de經jing驗yan對dui中zhong國guo的de發fa展zhan會hui有you幫bang助zhu。同tong樣yang,羅luo蘭lan貝bei格ge管guan理li谘zi詢xun公gong司si合he夥huo人ren康kang雁yan也ye指zhi出chu,現xian在zai我wo們men應ying該gai考kao慮lv把ba貨huo幣bi儲chu備bei變bian成cheng資zi源yuan儲chu備bei,比bi如ru石shi油you、煤炭以及注重開發新能源等,這樣才可以保值增值。同時中國也不能總學美國,而是應該成為新規則的製定者,開創新的業務。
這(zhe)些(xie)機(ji)會(hui)不(bu)僅(jin)適(shi)用(yong)於(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)企(qi)業(ye),同(tong)樣(yang)適(shi)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)行(xing)業(ye),工(gong)控(kong)行(xing)業(ye)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)高(gao)科(ke)技(ji)產(chan)業(ye),同(tong)時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)大(da)量(liang)的(de)人(ren)才(cai)以(yi)及(ji)企(qi)業(ye)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)合(he)作(zuo)。工(gong)控(kong)企(qi)業(ye)是(shi)否(fou)會(hui)在(zai)這(zhe)次(ci)世(shi)界(jie)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)中(zhong)從(cong)眾(zhong)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)脫(tuo)穎(ying)而(er)出(chu),就(jiu)要(yao)看(kan)我(wo)們(men)如(ru)何(he)把(ba)握(wo)住(zhu)機(ji)遇(yu)。
危機的過程也是一次企業洗牌、產業進一步優化重組的過程。首先,企業要適時優化調整產品結構,厘清發展思路;努力拓寬融資渠道,保障資金流轉,可以庫存產品等到銀行辦理動產抵押貸款;要充分進行內部挖潛,使管理水平、經營水平更上層次,實現粗放型管理到精細型管理的轉變,從經驗型管理到科學化管理的轉變;在節約成本、改進技術、提高產品質量上狠下功夫;企業經營者要加強學習,努力提高自身素質與水平,提高駕馭市場的能力。
國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji席xi卷juan大da潮chao無wu法fa抵di擋dang,與yu其qi被bei動dong應ying對dui,不bu如ru主zhu動dong出chu擊ji。消xiao化hua危wei險xian,捕bu捉zhuo機ji遇yu,才cai是shi應ying有you之zhi義yi。從cong容rong應ying對dui,積ji極ji破po解jie難nan題ti,與yu企qi業ye同tong興xing衰shuai,共gong命ming運yun,才cai能neng應ying對dui挑tiao戰zhan,開kai創chuang工gong業ye發fa展zhan的de新xin局ju麵mian。
同tong時shi在zai這zhe個ge金jin融rong動dong蕩dang的de時shi機ji,世shi界jie所suo有you目mu光guang都dou聚ju焦jiao在zai中zhong國guo,這zhe時shi中zhong國guo的de工gong控kong企qi業ye更geng應ying該gai大da力li發fa展zhan中zhong國guo工gong控kong行xing業ye的de品pin牌pai效xiao應ying,讓rang世shi界jie都dou看kan到dao中zhong國guo的de工gong控kong品pin牌pai,轉zhuan敗bai為wei勝sheng。