http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-10 09:00:04 來源:新浪
芝加哥大學的胡靜師和托馬斯 羅森鮑姆認為:他們倆發明了一種這樣的耐高溫傳感器。根據他們發表在《自然材料》雜(za)誌(zhi)上(shang)的(de)文(wen)章(zhang)說(shuo),他(ta)們(men)一(yi)直(zhi)在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)入(ru)多(duo)種(zhong)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)以(yi)使(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)最(zui)終(zhong)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)能(neng)像(xiang)金(jin)屬(shu)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)那(na)樣(yang)好(hao)。經(jing)過(guo)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu),他(ta)們(men)堅(jian)信(xin)他(ta)們(men)已(yi)發(fa)明(ming)了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)能(neng)適(shi)應(ying)陶(tao)瓷(ci)引(yin)擎(qing)高(gao)溫(wen)的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)。
使運動傳感器適應引擎極端高溫的方法,用金屬材料製作汽車引擎的缺點就是由於金屬的特性,它們的溫度會變得很高。而金屬在攝氏700度時強度就開始逐漸降低,因此引擎的設計必須考慮到降溫以阻止金屬因高溫而崩壞。
這樣做有兩個方麵的缺點。第一,浪費能源;第二,製造商們被迫花費大量的財力和精力去開發更為先進的製冷係統。
解決這個問題的方法之一就是使用陶瓷而非金屬材料製作引擎。陶瓷引擎能夠承受攝氏3000duerbubenghuai。zheyangdeyinqingwuxurenhezhilengxitong。kexideshi,naxieyonglaijiankongyinqingxingnengdechuanganqitongyangyebunengnaishougaowen。erxingnengdebudaojiankongdeyinqingjiubunengdedaokongzhi。zhemekanlai,yikuannaigaowenchuanganqisihudayouyongwuzhidi。
如ru今jin的de引yin擎qing傳chuan感gan器qi已yi遠yuan遠yuan不bu是shi早zao些xie年nian的de那na些xie鋼gang索suo速su度du計ji和he裏li程cheng計ji所suo能neng相xiang提ti並bing論lun的de了le。現xian在zai,它ta們men記ji錄lu下xia引yin擎qing飛fei輪lun的de轉zhuan動dong,飛fei輪lun負fu責ze接jie收shou活huo塞sai的de能neng量liang並bing經jing由you離li合he器qi傳chuan送song給gei車che輪lun;然ran後hou這zhe些xie傳chuan感gan器qi將jiang感gan應ying數shu據ju傳chuan送song到dao位wei於yu儀yi表biao盤pan的de轉zhuan速su計ji,而er在zai經jing過guo適shi當dang地di將jiang傳chuan動dong箱xiang的de影ying響xiang納na入ru重zhong新xin計ji算suan的de範fan圍wei後hou,重zhong新xin計ji算suan過guo的de感gan應ying數shu據ju也ye被bei傳chuan入ru速su度du計ji,這zhe樣yang司si機ji就jiu可ke以yi很hen方fang便bian明ming了le地di看kan到dao這zhe兩liang項xiang數shu據ju。與yu此ci同tong時shi,引yin擎qing管guan理li係xi統tong通tong過guo接jie收shou這zhe些xie數shu據ju以yi調tiao整zheng引yin擎qing以yi最zui佳jia狀zhuang態tai運yun行xing。
感gan應ying過guo程cheng通tong過guo磁ci感gan應ying調tiao速su輪lun邊bian緣yuan的de一yi個ge點dian來lai實shi現xian。由you磁ci阻zu材cai料liao製zhi成cheng的de傳chuan感gan器qi正zheng處chu於yu調tiao速su輪lun邊bian緣yuan的de殼ke室shi裏li。在zai磁ci阻zu材cai料liao中zhong,電dian子zi流liu的de發fa生sheng的de強qiang度du隨sui感gan應ying到dao的de磁ci場chang強qiang度du變bian化hua而er變bian化hua。當dang飛fei輪lun轉zhuan速su增zeng大da或huo者zhe降jiang低di時shi,同tong樣yang的de磁ci標biao記ji點dian經jing過guo傳chuan感gan器qi的de頻pin率lv也ye隨sui之zhi變bian化hua。相xiang應ying產chan生sheng的de電dian流liu波bo動dong也ye反fan映ying了le引yin擎qing的de運yun轉zhuan情qing況kuang。
磁ci化hua陶tao瓷ci引yin擎qing的de飛fei輪lun不bu存cun在zai任ren何he問wen題ti。許xu多duo材cai料liao都dou能neng在zai高gao溫wen狀zhuang態tai下xia保bao持chi其qi磁ci性xing。然ran而er,傳chuan感gan器qi在zai那na樣yang的de高gao溫wen下xia卻que會hui喪sang失shi其qi阻zu磁ci性xing,這zhe是shi因yin為wei組zu成cheng它ta們men的de材cai料liao在zai高gao溫wen下xia會hui發fa生sheng原yuan子zi層ceng麵mian的de排pai列lie紊wen亂luan。
zaiwendingdexitongzhong,dianzipailiezhengqiyizhi。zhejiushiweishenmezaixiangduidiwentiaojianxiashihechuangzaozucihuanjing。zaigaowentiaojianxia,yuanzishouji,congerhuiganraodianziliujinerpohuaicixiangying。huboshiheluosenbaomuboshifaxiandejiushiyizhongjishichuyuyuanziwenluanzhuangtaiyebuyingxiangdianziliudecailiao。
他ta們men之zhi前qian的de研yan究jiu專zhuan注zhu於yu硒xi化hua銀yin以yi及ji碲di化hua銀yin化hua合he物wu,這zhe兩liang種zhong化hua合he物wu在zai自zi然ran界jie中zhong都dou對dui磁ci性xing有you惰duo性xing。他ta們men發fa現xian多duo加jia入ru少shao量liang的de銀yin能neng使shi得de這zhe些xie化hua合he物wu更geng具ju有you阻zu磁ci性xing。在zai某mou些xie情qing況kuang下xia這zhe些xie多duo餘yu的de銀yin在zai擾rao亂luan材cai料liao本ben身shen的de同tong時shi,會hui提ti供gong給gei電dian子zi一yi條tiao高gao傳chuan導dao性xing的de通tong道dao來lai流liu動dong。可ke惜xi這zhe隻zhi能neng存cun在zai與yu低di溫wen環huan境jing下xia。僅jin僅jin是shi在zai略lve高gao與yu室shi溫wen的de溫wen度du條tiao件jian下xia,這zhe個ge效xiao果guo都dou會hui消xiao失shi。
經過更進一步的研究,他們發現自己所尋找的是一種名字聽起來很不同尋常的物質———銻ti化hua銦yin。他ta們men先xian將jiang這zhe種zhong物wu質zhi的de晶jing體ti粉fen碎sui成cheng小xiao體ti積ji碎sui片pian,當dang把ba這zhe些xie碎sui片pian再zai組zu合he在zai一yi起qi時shi,他ta們men發fa現xian,這zhe些xie碎sui片pian的de邊bian緣yuan會hui形xing成cheng能neng使shi電dian子zi流liu動dong的de通tong道dao,從cong而er使shi得de這zhe種zhong材cai料liao具ju備bei硒xi化hua銀yin和he碲di化hua銀yin那na樣yang的de阻zu磁ci性xing,隻zhi不bu過guo這zhe種zhong阻zu磁ci性xing是shi在zai高gao溫wen條tiao件jian而er不bu是shi低di溫wen條tiao件jian下xia實shi現xian的de。在zai阻zu磁ci物wu質zhi的de世shi界jie裏li,似si乎hu取qu悅yue這zhe些xie傳chuan感gan器qi的de方fang式shi就jiu是shi小xiao小xiao地di擾rao亂luan一yi下xia它ta們men的de秩zhi序xu。