Electrify Smart Grid Investment with Asset Management
用資產管理係統促進智能電網的投資

Keywords
Smart Grid, Asset Management, Predictive Maintenance, Power Equipment, Substation Automation, Transmission & Distribution, Transformers, Restoration, Cable Faults, Circuit Breakers, Regulators

關鍵字
智能電網，資產管理，預見性維護，電力設備，變電站自動化，輸配電，變壓器
，恢複，電纜故障，斷路器，調節器

Overview
Everyone agrees that the Smart Grid can enable consumers to conserve and reduce energy costs.  However, this also goes against the incentives (earnings per share) of every independent energy supplier.  Conceivably, utilities can lose additional revenue with every smart meter installed.  Without a compelling business case for electric power transmission and distribution (T&D) companies,
the smart electric grid will not be sustainable.  The benefits of predictive asset management, which can reduce outages, restoration time, and maintenance costs for distributed assets, provide compelling value that can help mitigate the high cost of smart grid automation and spur adoption of the Obama Smart Grid initiative. 

概述
每(mei)個(ge)人(ren)都(dou)同(tong)意(yi)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)可(ke)以(yi)讓(rang)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)減(jian)少(shao)能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)，但(dan)對(dui)於(yu)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)每(mei)股(gu)盈(ying)利(li)為(wei)目(mu)的(de)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)來(lai)說(shuo)，他(ta)們(men)反(fan)對(dui)這(zhe)項(xiang)計(ji)劃(hua)。因(yin)為(wei)非(fei)常(chang)顯(xian)然(ran)
，每(mei)安(an)裝(zhuang)一(yi)台(tai)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)表(biao)，能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業(ye)就(jiu)會(hui)損(sun)失(shi)一(yi)些(xie)收(shou)入(ru)。如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)給(gei)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)一(yi)個(ge)有(you)說(shuo)服(fu)力(li)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)利(li)益(yi)，智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)計(ji)劃(hua)是(shi)難(nan)以(yi)持(chi)久(jiu)的(de)。預(yu)見(jian)性(xing)資(zi)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)係(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以(yi)幫(bang)助(zhu)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)降(jiang)低(di)儲(chu)運(yun)損(sun)耗(hao)
，縮(suo)短(duan)恢(hui)複(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)，以(yi)及(ji)降(jiang)低(di)分(fen)散(san)資(zi)產(chan)的(de)維(wei)護(hu)成(cheng)本(ben)。這(zhe)就(jiu)為(wei)這(zhe)些(xie)企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)一(yi)項(xiang)非(fei)常(chang)現(xian)實(shi)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)利(li)益(yi)，幫(bang)助(zhu)他(ta)們(men)降(jiang)低(di)實(shi)行(xing)電(dian)網(wang)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)
，從(cong)而(er)更(geng)加(jia)容(rong)易(yi)接(jie)受(shou)奧(ao)巴(ba)馬(ma)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)計(ji)劃(hua)。

Electric Power T&D Needs to Get Involved 
Despite huge automation investments in the power generation industry, T&D has yet to deploy substation automation in a significant way.  The little automation deployed typically uses proprietary SCADA systems.  These systems may talk with ISOs, but can't easily talk with each other, inhibiting communication between different T&D companies and creating islands of automation.  Without integrated open automation systems and the associated infrastructure, T&D cannot enjoy access to information to improve productivity and reduce cost. The T&D industry needs to collaborate with automation and equipment suppliers and understand how to benefit from automation and infrastructure investments to meet future demand.

應該將電力輸配電係統包括在內
盡管發電行業有巨大的自動化投資，但輸配電還沒有為變電站部署較完善的自動化係統。這些非常基本的自動化係統都采用專用的SCADA係統，它們可以采用ISOguifantongxin
，danbijiaonanyishixianxianghujiandetongxin，yizhilebutongdeshupeidiangongsizhijiandexitongtongxin
，congerchengweibutongdezidonghuagudao。ruguobunengcaiyongkaifangshidezidonghuaxitonghebiciguanliandejichusheshi，shupeidianxitongjiubunenghuoquxinxiyitigaoshengchanlvhejiangdichengben。zaishupeidianchanyexuyaoyuzidonghuaheshebeigongyingshanghezuo，lejieruhecongzidonghuaxitonghejichusheshidetouzizhongshouyi，bingmanzuweilaidexuqiu。

For more than two decades, there has been too little in the way of T&D investment, resulting in a decaying infrastructure driven to its limits;  an infrastructure that is prone to fail at the slightest hint of increasing peak electrical demands. This, combined with an inexperienced workforce, unreliable power equipment, environmental impact, increasing information needs, and the recent availability of government funds for smart grid development, means that T&D companies should be investing now. However, response has been mixed.

二er十shi多duo年nian來lai，對dui輸shu配pei電dian的de投tou資zi實shi在zai是shi太tai少shao了le，導dao致zhi陳chen舊jiu的de基ji礎chu設she施shi運yun轉zhuan到dao了le極ji限xian。電dian力li高gao峰feng時shi段duan的de輕qing微wei變bian化hua就jiu容rong易yi導dao致zhi電dian力li基ji礎chu設she施shi的de崩beng潰kui。。此ci外wai

，缺que乏fa經jing驗yan的de工gong作zuo人ren員yuan
、可靠性不高的電力設備、環境影響、越來越多的信息需求，以及最近政府推出用於智能電網發展的專項資金，都表明應該對輸配電企業投資了，然而，業內對此反響不一。

The Smart Grid by itself does not necessarily provide long-term financial benefits for power T&D companies.  On the other hand, commercial and industrial customers that are willing to take the time to learn how to exploit the technology can benefit by reducing electric consumption and lowering their monthly bills.  However, more incentives are clearly needed to drive electric power T&D investment.     

zhinengdianwangdebenshenbingbuyidingnengweishupeidianqiyetigongchangqidecaiwushouyi，shangyehegongyeyonghuhenyuanyihuashijianxuexiruheliyongzhexiangjishujianshaodianlixiaohao，congerjianshaomeiyuezhangdan。xianranxuyaogengduodejililaituidongshupeidiansheshidetouzi。

Hidden Value of Asset Management Provide Incentives   
Electric power T&D utilities companies should evaluate smart grid investments in conjunction with T&D automation and control and asset management.  Combining these elements in a single initiative makes the smart grid a more compelling investment opportunity for T&D utilities.

資產管理的隱藏價值帶來激勵
dianlishupeigongyongshiyegongsiyingpingguzhinengdianwangtouzi，liantongshupeidianzidonghuakongzhihezichanguanli。jiangzhexieyinsujiehedaoyigedanyidejihuashizhinengdianwangchengweishupeidianqiyedeyigegenglingrenxinfudetouzijihui。

[page_break]

Predictive asset management technology that combines predictive and other advanced maintenance techniques, has been very successful in the process manufacturing and power generation sectors.  Predictive asset management techniques can provide even greater benefits for T&D.  With T&D assets dispersed across hundreds or thousands of square miles, predictive asset management solutions are even more compelling because of the time required to travel to and back from the site.  Unlike a plant, where assets are confined within the physical facility, inspecting T&D assets requires travel back and forth from regional centers, increasing the time customers are without service, reducing revenue, and negatively impacting system reliability.  Deploying predictive maintenance, enabled by intelligent devices, automation systems and digital communication systems, provides technicians with remote access to equipment health from central locations, reducing labor cost and the time it takes to restore power to customers.  This improves the financial payback for T&D companies, providing them with a tangible incentive to jump into the smart grid fray; an incentive that can provide sustainable value long after the government funding subsides.   

yujianxingzichanguanlijishu，jieheyuceheqitaxianjindeweihujishu，zaiguochengzhizaohefadianxingyeyizhihenchenggong。yujianxingzichanguanlijishushenzhikeyiweishupeidianqiyetigonggengdadeliyi。shupeidianzichandoufenbuzaishubaiwanpingfanggonglinei

，weihurenyuanwangfanxianchangxuyaohuafeidaliangdeshijianhefeiyong，zheyeshiyujianxingzichanguanlijishubiandegengjuyouxiyinle。yuzichanjizhongzaiyidingquyuneidedianchangbutong，jianzhashupeidianzichanxuyaocongquyuzhongxinlaihuiwangfan，zengjiawufuwuxiaohaodeshijianhejianshaoshouru，bingduixitongdekekaoxingzaochengxiaojiyingxiang。caiyongyouzhinengshebei、zidonghuaxitongheshuzitongxinxitongzuchengdeyujianxingweihu
，jishurenyuankeyiyuanchengzhenduanshebeigongzuozhuangkuang，jianshaolaodonglichengbenheweikehuhuifugongdiansuohuafeideshijian。zheweishupeidiangongsidailaiqieshikejiandetouzihuibao，jilitamenjianlizhinengdianwangdejijixing，
，zaizhengfuzijinbutiezhihourengkeyidailaichixudejiazhi。

In the process sector, predictive asset management provides intelligent maintenance solutions that predict the health of assets, allows operators to intervene before a failure, and significantly extends equipment life.  Predictive maintenance for T&D assets can also protect assets and reduce catastrophic failures that can potentially bring down large sections of the electric grid.  By including the automation and control communication infrastructure with smart grid investments, T&D companies can have a ready-made communication channel that will enable improved electric transmission and distribution control and remote equipment diagnosis.  As a result, technical crews will only mobilize when needed to complete actual equipment repairs.

zaiguochengxingye
，yujianxingzichanguanlitigongyucezichanjiankangzhuangkuangdezhinengweihujiejuefangan
，yunxuyunyingshangzaiguzhangfashengzhiqianjinxingganyu，xianzhuyanchangshebeishouming。duishupeidianzichanlaishuo，yujianxingweihuyekeyibaohuzichan，bingjianshaokenengzaochengdamianjidianwangbengkuidezainanxingguzhang。tongguobaokuozidonghuahekongzhitongxinjichusheshiyuzhinengdianwangdetouzi，shupeidianqiyekeyiyouyigexianchengdetongxinqudao
，jiangshidedianlichuanshuhefenpeikongzhinengliheyuanchengshebeizhenduannenglijinyibutigao。qijieguoshi，jishurenyuanjiangzhizaibiyaoshidongshenwanchengshijishebeiweixiu。

Focus on Critical High Value Equipment First
The most efficient T&D asset management solutions provide continuous online monitoring.  They deploy intelligent electronic devises (IEDs) and soft and hard sensors with associated diagnostic software with open bi-directional digital communications.  This enables fast distribution of alarms and allows operators to analyze equipment faults and determine remedial action before sending the
crew to the site.   

第一重點放在關鍵的高價值設備
最有效的輸配電資產管理解決方案提供連續的在線監測。他們采用智能電子設備（IEDs）和軟型和硬型傳感器
，以及相關的、daiyoukaifangshuangxiangshuzitongxinnenglizhenduanruanjian。zheshidebaojingkeyikuaisufenpei，yunxuyunyingshangfenxishebeiguzhang
，bingjuedingzaipaiqianrenyuandaoxianchangzhiqiancaiqubujiucuoshi。

Of all the assets in the T&D electric grid, transformers can be the most problematic.  Power transformers can be quite old and have limited backup when they fail.  By measuring load, voltage, current, temperature, transformer oil quality, status of ancillary equipment, and other parameters, operators can remotely determine the health of the transformer and load tap changers, (electromechanical voltage regulators in transformers).  Some simple measurements enable many issues to be diagnosed.  These include water contamination, insulation damage, excessive heat, arcing, and mechanical wear of electromechanical components.  In addition, operators can fine-tune loading based on actual temperature to maximize electrical output without damaging the transformer.  

在所有輸配電網的資產之中，變壓器的問題是為最棘手。相當多的變壓器已經老化，一當失效，備件也很有限。通過測量負載、電壓、電流、溫度
、變壓器油的質量、輔助設備狀況以及其他參數，操作人員可以遠程確定變壓器和負載分接開關的機電式整流器的狀況 。一些簡單的測量使許多問題得到診斷。這些問題包括水汙染
、絕緣損壞、過熱、電弧和機電元件的機械磨損。此外
，操作人員可以根據實際溫度對負載微調
，以最大限度地提高電力輸出而不至於損壞變壓器。

Last Word 
The Smart Grid initiative offers T&D companies an opportunity to implement a Smart Grid with substation control  systems, digital communications, and asset management systems that will not only conserve energy at the end user level but also improve the reliability of the grid and reduce operating costs for T&D.   

結束語
智能電網計劃為輸配電公司提供了一個建立具有變電站控製係統
、數字通信和資產管理係統的智能電網的機會
，將不僅在最終用戶層麵節約能源，而且還提高了電網的可靠性和為輸配電降低運營成本。

T&D companies should seize this opportunity and provide an open network infrastructure, including the sensors necessary for asset management.  Open systems will allow future interoperability throughout the grid and potentially across the globe.  The access to information will increase T&D revenue and profitability by optimizing energy delivery and increasing uptime. In addition, information can be easily directed to EAM/CMMS maintenance scheduling systems for efficient workforce management and logistics.

shupeidianqiyeyinggaizhuazhuzhegejihui，bingtigongyigekaifangdewangluojichusheshi，baokuozichanguanlisuobixudechuanganqi。kaifangxitongjiangshixianweilaizhenggedianwangdedehucaozuoxing
，bingkenengzaiquanqiugedihutong。huoquxinxijiangkeyiyouhuanengyuangongying
，zengjiazhengchangyunxingshijian

，zengjiashupeidianqiyedeshouruhelirun。ciwai

，xinxikeyihenrongyidiyongyuEAM/CMMS維護調度係統
，實現有效的勞動力管理和物流。

（本文作者為ARC顧問集團高級分析師Wil Chin先生）