在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)蔓(man)延(yan)，世(shi)界(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)勢(shi)複(fu)雜(za)多(duo)變(bian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，各(ge)國(guo)正(zheng)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)通(tong)過(guo)調(tiao)整(zheng)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)，應(ying)對(dui)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，恢(hui)複(fu)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)動(dong)力(li)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)

，中(zhong)國(guo)也(ye)正(zheng)通(tong)過(guo)積(ji)極(ji)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)與(yu)布(bu)局(ju)，擺(bai)脫(tuo)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)束(shu)縛(fu)，保(bao)持(chi)經(jing)濟(ji)持(chi)續(xu)、健康和快速發展。2009nianzhongyangjingjigongzuohuiyitebiezhichuyaocongzhiduanpairushou

，yinshilidaoyindaoguojichanyeyouxudixiangbenguozhuanyi，yishirangwomenchongfenliyongjinrongweijiyinzhidequanqiuchanyejiegoutiaozhengheguojifengongzhongzudelishiqiji
，xiyinkejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexiandaixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyi
，tuidongwoguochanyejiegoudeyouhuayushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidelishijiyu

　　國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji的de爆bao發fa導dao致zhi了le全quan球qiu經jing濟ji的de衰shuai退tui，促cu使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo設she計ji有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai調tiao整zheng產chan業ye結jie構gou，以yi作zuo為wei應ying對dui金jin融rong危wei機ji的de主zhu要yao手shou段duan

，這zhe使shi得de金jin融rong危wei機ji有you可ke能neng為wei中zhong國guo引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi創chuang造zao了le一yi次ci難nan得de的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu。

　　一方麵，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展，資本、技ji術shu和he勞lao動dong力li等deng生sheng產chan要yao素su在zai市shi場chang機ji製zhi的de作zuo用yong下xia全quan球qiu流liu動dong與yu組zu合he配pei置zhi
，催cui促cu著zhe一yi國guo或huo地di區qu內nei部bu的de產chan業ye向xiang具ju有you比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de地di區qu轉zhuan移yi，但dan是shi，由you於yu發fa達da國guo家jia比bi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia表biao現xian出chu較jiao高gao的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping和he較jiao強qiang的de科ke技ji力li量liang，使shi得de它ta們men在zai世shi界jie分fen工gong體ti係xi和he利li益yi分fen配pei格ge局ju中zhong占zhan據ju主zhu導dao地di位wei。他ta們men將jiang資zi源yuan消xiao耗hao和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran水shui平ping高gao
、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi，yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie，yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner，youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye，guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie，daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng
，yiner，jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou
，birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong，jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi
，youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。

　　另ling一yi方fang麵mian，金jin融rong危wei機ji為wei中zhong國guo引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi創chuang造zao了le主zhu觀guan的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu。改gai革ge開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian的de曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming，中zhong國guo成cheng功gong的de製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing有you效xiao地di促cu進jin了le經jing濟ji結jie構gou的de優you化hua和he經jing濟ji增zeng長chang方fang式shi的de轉zhuan變bian

，產chan生sheng了le“經濟增長奇跡”
，極(ji)大(da)地(di)縮(suo)小(xiao)了(le)與(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)差(cha)距(ju)。即(ji)使(shi)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)席(xi)卷(juan)全(quan)球(qiu)
，致(zhi)使(shi)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)下(xia)滑(hua)，中(zhong)國(guo)雖(sui)然(ran)也(ye)無(wu)一(yi)例(li)外(wai)地(di)不(bu)能(neng)幸(xing)免(mian)，然(ran)而(er)，正(zheng)當(dang)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)尋(xun)找(zhao)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)應(ying)對(dui)之(zhi)策(ce)時(shi)，中(zhong)國(guo)憑(ping)借(jie)對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放(fang)三(san)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)所(suo)積(ji)累(lei)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)和(he)及(ji)時(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)，率(lv)先(xian)走(zou)出(chu)了(le)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)陰(yin)霾(mai)
，使(shi)得(de)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)跨(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)麵(mian)臨(lin)本(ben)土(tu)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)環(huan)境(jing)惡(e)化(hua)時(shi)，重(zhong)新(xin)審(shen)視(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)交(jiao)易(yi)成(cheng)本(ben)優(you)勢(shi)所(suo)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)經(jing)營(ying)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)改(gai)善(shan)。此(ci)時(shi)，中(zhong)國(guo)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)依(yi)靠(kao)製(zhi)度(du)轉(zhuan)型(xing)所(suo)累(lei)積(ji)的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)調(tiao)整(zheng)政(zheng)策(ce)和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)製(zhi)度(du)
，創(chuang)造(zao)產(chan)業(ye)升(sheng)級(ji)的(de)新(xin)環(huan)境(jing)
，主(zhu)動(dong)引(yin)導(dao)和(he)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，並(bing)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)培(pei)育(yu)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)，優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)布(bu)局(ju)，推(tui)動(dong)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)升(sheng)級(ji)。引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)

　　中zhong國guo作zuo為wei正zheng處chu於yu工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng中zhong的de世shi界jie上shang最zui大da的de發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia，要yao巧qiao借jie金jin融rong危wei機ji的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu，加jia快kuai現xian代dai工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng，實shi現xian大da國guo的de經jing濟ji趕gan超chao
，必bi然ran需xu要yao通tong過guo製zhi度du創chuang新xin引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi來lai實shi現xian。為wei此ci，我wo們men有you針zhen對dui性xing地di提ti出chu引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi的de政zheng策ce調tiao整zheng和he製zhi度du創chuang新xin：

　　第di一yi，提ti高gao投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de差cha異yi化hua程cheng度du，破po除chu無wu形xing的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce壁bi壘lei。為wei了le承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi
，對dui不bu同tong地di區qu承cheng接jie不bu同tong產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce應ying盡jin可ke能neng差cha別bie對dui待dai，並bing增zeng強qiang投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de透tou明ming度du
，消xiao除chu政zheng策ce性xing歧qi視shi。一yi方fang麵mian，由you於yu中zhong國guo各ge地di區qu資zi源yuan稟bing賦fu、技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)存(cun)在(zai)差(cha)異(yi)，國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)時(shi)，應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)給(gei)予(yu)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)性(xing)，采(cai)取(qu)國(guo)家(jia)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)指(zhi)導(dao)原(yuan)則(ze)，各(ge)地(di)區(qu)依(yi)據(ju)此(ci)原(yuan)則(ze)結(jie)合(he)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)，差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)鼓(gu)勵(li)、xianzhihejinzhiwaishangtouzichanyedezhengce。lingyifangmian，difangzhengfuzhuguanbumenyingjiakuaiqingliyujiangditouzibileihetouzizhengcetoumingduyuanzebuxiangshiyingdezhengceguizhang，bingzhubufeichuyixieyucujintouziziyouhuadeguojiguizexiangchongtudefalvfagui

，qiejinyibuwanshancujinbutongdiqugeleichanyetouzixiangshiyingdeziyouhuaguize，tongshi，haiyingjiaqiangtouziziyouhuazhengcededuiwaixuanchuan，jishiduiwaigongbuguli、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　第(di)二(er)
，調(tiao)整(zheng)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)，增(zeng)強(qiang)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)與(yu)個(ge)人(ren)收(shou)益(yi)的(de)征(zheng)稅(shui)水(shui)平(ping)，因(yin)此(ci)
，稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)引(yin)導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)資(zi)本(ben)流(liu)向(xiang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手(shou)段(duan)。為(wei)了(le)提(ti)高(gao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)轉(zhuan)移(yi)效(xiao)率(lv)
，應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)區(qu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)特(te)性(xing)
，采(cai)取(qu)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)。一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，應(ying)適(shi)時(shi)地(di)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)區(qu)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)
，協(xie)調(tiao)采(cai)用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)。由(you)於(yu)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)能(neng)對(dui)投(tou)資(zi)周(zhou)期(qi)長(chang)、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此
，應逐步采取以加速折舊
、kuisunmibudengjianjieshuishouyouhuifangshiweizhu
，cujinzibenhejishumijixingchanyetouzi。lingyifangmian
，zhengfuyingyijudiyutezhenghechanyetexingzhidingxihuadeshuishouyouhuizhengce，bingzaidiquzhijian

、行xing業ye之zhi間jian和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie之zhi間jian體ti現xian稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。對dui於yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie，可ke賦fu予yu相xiang對dui於yu其qi他ta產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui，同tong時shi，為wei了le鼓gu勵li落luo後hou地di區qu吸xi引yin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi，可ke適shi當dang獲huo得de相xiang對dui於yu經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu而er言yan更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce，以yi提ti高gao稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce在zai經jing濟ji落luo後hou地di區qu的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。

　　第三，創新商業交易製度，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、biangengyutuichushengchanyujingyinghuodongdeshouquanyuhuibaochengxu。shouxian，keyichangshiyouzhongyangbuweichutaigediqushenpiwaiziqiyedeyuanze，bingzaigegejibiedexingzhengquhuadanweishelishenpijiguanqiegeiyutamenyudiqujingjifazhanguimoxiangyingdeshenpiquanxian，qieyifalvxingshijiayiguding。zaiguojiaduiwaishangsheliqiyeguidingshenpiyuanzedetiaojianxia
，weilegulizhixiashihejingjifadadiquchengjieguowaixianjinchanyedezhuanyi，zhongyangkeshidanggeiyudiquzhengfuduiyuxiandaixianjinchanyejiaogaodeshenpiquanxian。qici，jinkenengjianhuawaishangtouzishenqingshelixiandaixianjinqiyedeshenpishouxu
，zengqiangshenpidetoumingduhetigaoshenpixiaolv。shenpijiguankeshidangjianhuawaizideshenpihelianhenianjianshouxu，shixing“一站式”服務，且在經營期內
，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押

、轉讓
，以及政府商務、財政
、工商行政管理、稅shui務wu等deng各ge部bu門men對dui外wai資zi企qi業ye實shi行xing聯lian合he年nian檢jian時shi
，應ying提ti高gao行xing政zheng機ji關guan審shen批pi和he辦ban理li的de效xiao率lv和he透tou明ming度du，盡jin可ke能neng地di簡jian化hua辦ban理li手shou續xu
，減jian少shao企qi業ye支zhi付fu行xing政zheng審shen批pi和he年nian檢jian的de成cheng本ben。再zai次ci


，改gai變bian以yi往wang外wai商shang投tou資zi企qi業ye因yin經jing營ying期qi限xian滿man而er終zhong止zhi經jing營ying的de“一刀切”辦(ban)法(fa)，對(dui)於(yu)外(wai)商(shang)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)投(tou)資(zi)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)，采(cai)用(yong)類(lei)似(si)於(yu)內(nei)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa)，可(ke)先(xian)由(you)企(qi)業(ye)聘(pin)用(yong)清(qing)算(suan)機(ji)構(gou)出(chu)具(ju)具(ju)有(you)法(fa)律(lv)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)清(qing)算(suan)報(bao)告(gao)
，再(zai)報(bao)審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)核(he)
，實(shi)現(xian)內(nei)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)審(shen)批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)上(shang)等(deng)同(tong)對(dui)待(dai)。

　　第di四si
，健jian全quan產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du，降jiang低di企qi業ye生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying中zhong的de不bu確que定ding性xing。為wei了le有you效xiao引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye有you序xu向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi，我wo們men既ji要yao加jia大da知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin力li度du
，又you要yao努nu力li提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de保bao護hu水shui平ping。對dui於yu知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin
，一yi方fang麵mian，應ying努nu力li完wan善shan知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa律lv
，逐zhu步bu覆fu蓋gai當dang前qian法fa律lv條tiao文wen所suo不bu能neng含han蓋gai的de盲mang區qu，並bing依yi據ju行xing業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie對dui知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de敏min感gan程cheng度du不bu同tong，適shi時shi地di製zhi定ding相xiang關guan的de知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa規gui;另ling一yi方fang麵mian，應ying增zeng強qiang知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de執zhi法fa力li度du，加jia大da對dui侵qin犯fan知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de懲cheng罰fa力li度du，提ti高gao知zhi識shi產chan權quan侵qin權quan的de成cheng本ben。對dui於yu人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan保bao護hu
，首shou先xian應ying適shi時shi地di修xiu訂ding與yu完wan善shan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》
、《勞動合同法》等相關法律，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調；其qi次ci，通tong過guo加jia大da相xiang關guan法fa律lv法fa規gui的de執zhi行xing力li度du和he拓tuo寬kuan覆fu蓋gai麵mian，確que保bao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi雙shuang方fang在zai平ping等deng互hu利li的de前qian提ti下xia
，完wan善shan人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de交jiao易yi程cheng序xu，減jian少shao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi的de不bu確que定ding性xing;zaici，dalifazhanrenlizibenshichanghejianlirenlizibenshichangjiaoyizhidu，kuodazibenxinxijiaoliuqudao，tigaorenlizibenxinxigongxiangshuiping，jiangdiqiyehuoqurenlizibendexinxichengben，fahuifanyingrenlizibenjiazhideshichangjizhi，baozhangrenlizibenchanquan，fangzhirenlizibenchanquanjiaoyi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為

，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學、湖南大學）