http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-10 08:16:46 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、支(zhi)撐(cheng)力(li)。麵(mian)對(dui)新(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科(ke)技(ji)革(ge)命(ming)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)變(bian)革(ge)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)性(xing)機(ji)遇(yu),唯(wei)有(you)牢(lao)牢(lao)把(ba)握(wo)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)這(zhe)一(yi)關(guan)鍵(jian)變(bian)量(liang),才(cai)能(neng)從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)增(zeng)強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)內(nei)生(sheng)動(dong)力(li),在(zai)日(ri)趨(qu)激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)重(zhong)塑(su)優(you)勢(shi)、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
科ke技ji創chuang新xin決jue定ding著zhe新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de發fa展zhan高gao度du,也ye影ying響xiang著zhe中zhong國guo經jing濟ji未wei來lai在zai全quan球qiu競jing爭zheng格ge局ju中zhong的de戰zhan略lve位wei勢shi。盡jin管guan我wo國guo一yi些xie關guan鍵jian領ling域yu核he心xin技ji術shu受shou製zhi於yu人ren的de局ju麵mian還hai沒mei有you從cong根gen本ben上shang得de到dao改gai變bian,但dan這zhe些xie亟ji待dai突tu破po的de卡ka點dian堵du點dian,正zheng是shi我wo們men未wei來lai發fa力li的de主zhu攻gong方fang向xiang,其qi背bei後hou蘊yun藏zang著zhe構gou築zhu國guo家jia競jing爭zheng新xin優you勢shi的de巨ju大da潛qian力li和he戰zhan略lve空kong間jian。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)特(te)征(zheng)。加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),有(you)利(li)於(yu)實(shi)現(xian)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)科(ke)技(ji)自(zi)立(li)自(zi)強(qiang),增(zeng)強(qiang)經(jing)濟(ji)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)求(qiu)瞄(miao)準(zhun)科(ke)技(ji)前(qian)沿(yan),全(quan)力(li)攻(gong)堅(jian)關(guan)鍵(jian)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu),以(yi)突(tu)破(po)性(xing)成(cheng)果(guo)催(cui)生(sheng)新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)。堅(jian)持(chi)一(yi)體(ti)推(tui)進(jin)教(jiao)育(yu)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)才(cai)發(fa)展(zhan),促(cu)進(jin)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)與(yu)產(chan)業(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)深(shen)度(du)融(rong)合(he),提(ti)升(sheng)國(guo)家(jia)創(chuang)新(xin)體(ti)係(xi)整(zheng)體(ti)效(xiao)能(neng),增(zeng)強(qiang)自(zi)主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li),搶(qiang)占(zhan)未(wei)來(lai)科(ke)技(ji)製(zhi)高(gao)點(dian)。同(tong)時(shi),發(fa)揮(hui)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)引(yin)領(ling)作(zuo)用(yong),全(quan)麵(mian)實(shi)施(shi)“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、體(ti)製(zhi)性(xing)及(ji)周(zhou)期(qi)性(xing)問(wen)題(ti)交(jiao)織(zhi)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan),核(he)心(xin)問(wen)題(ti)在(zai)於(yu)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li)不(bu)足(zu),對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)作(zuo)用(yong)未(wei)能(neng)充(chong)分(fen)顯(xian)現(xian),高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)科(ke)技(ji)供(gong)給(gei)仍(reng)顯(xian)欠(qian)缺(que)。新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)在(zai)載(zai)體(ti)層(ceng)麵(mian),更(geng)多(duo)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)、高效能、高(gao)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)上(shang)。加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),能(neng)夠(gou)以(yi)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)領(ling)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan),增(zeng)強(qiang)經(jing)濟(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)。這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)深(shen)入(ru)實(shi)施(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve),促(cu)進(jin)創(chuang)新(xin)鏈(lian)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)無(wu)縫(feng)對(dui)接(jie),通(tong)過(guo)強(qiang)鏈(lian)補(bu)鏈(lian)延(yan)鏈(lian)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)整(zheng)體(ti)效(xiao)能(neng)。通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)提(ti)升(sheng)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,既ji驅qu動dong發fa展zhan,也ye潛qian藏zang風feng險xian,需xu要yao在zai發fa展zhan和he安an全quan之zhi間jian找zhao到dao平ping衡heng點dian,護hu航hang因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li。為wei此ci,需xu加jia快kuai完wan善shan國guo家jia創chuang新xin體ti係xi,突tu破po關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu瓶ping頸jing,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li,有you效xiao降jiang低di外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing。加jia強qiang對dui科ke技ji發fa展zhan趨qu勢shi、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、shehuifengxianyulunlitiaozhanjinxingxitongpingguyuyuanjianshe,goujiankejianquanfengxianjianceyujingheyingduitixi,jiaqiangkejijichutiaojianzizhubaozhang。tongshi,jijicanyuquanqiukejizhili,hongyangkejixiangshanlinian,rangkejifazhanzaofugeguohegeguorenmin。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、quanerbujingdewenti。yaojianchibafazhanjingjidezhelidianfangzaishitijingjishang,jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,goujianyixianjinzhizaoyeweigugandexiandaihuachanyetixi,shizhigengjuyouwanzhengxing、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、產chan業ye體ti係xi完wan備bei,形xing成cheng完wan整zheng且qie有you韌ren性xing的de產chan業ye鏈lian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye在zai我wo國guo產chan業ye發fa展zhan中zhong發fa揮hui著zhe重zhong要yao作zuo用yong,既ji是shi構gou建jian現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de基ji石shi,也ye是shi加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao著zhe力li點dian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye不bu等deng於yu落luo後hou產chan業ye,運yun用yong新xin技ji術shu對dui其qi進jin行xing改gai造zao提ti升sheng,是shi因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao路lu徑jing。隨sui著zhe新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge深shen入ru發fa展zhan,傳chuan統tong產chan業ye廣guang泛fan引yin入ru新xin技ji術shu、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、dinenghaodechuangxinchanpin。zhebiaoming,fazhanxinzhishengchanliyuchuantongchanyezhuanxingshengjimibukefen,fazhanxinzhishengchanlijuebuyiweizhehushishenzhifangqichuantongchanye,eryingzaibaochizhizaoyehelibizhong、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
著zhe眼yan先xian進jin性xing,大da力li發fa展zhan新xin興xing產chan業ye和he未wei來lai產chan業ye。現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing主zhu要yao是shi指zhi產chan業ye體ti係xi具ju備bei較jiao強qiang的de技ji術shu創chuang新xin能neng力li,能neng適shi應ying新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge要yao求qiu,產chan業ye發fa展zhan符fu合he智zhi能neng化hua、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、gaibianjingzhenggejudeguanjianliliang。shijieqiangguoqiangdadejingzhengli,hendachengdushangyuanyuqiduizhanlvexingxinxingchanyeheweilaichanyedeqianzhanbujuyuzhanlvetouru。dangqianwoguojiudeshengchanhanshuzuhefangshiyijingnanyichixu,bixujiasutishengchanyetixidexianjinxing。zhelidazaoxinxingzhizhuchanye,shishichanyechuangxingongcheng,jiakuaixinnengyuan、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、diliudaiyidongtongxindengchengweixindejingjizengchangdian,jianliweilaichanyetouruzengchanghefengxianfendanjizhi,cujinzhongxiaoqiyezhuanjingtexinfazhan,genghaotuidongjingjikechixufazhan。
zheyananquanxing,zengqiangchanyelianrenxinghejingzhengli。chanyetixideanquanxing,zhuyaobiaoxianweichanyeliangongyingliananquankekao,chanyeguanjianhexinjishuzizhukekong,gechanyeyouxulianjie,guominjingjixunhuangaoxiaochangtong。zaishijianzhong,yaoqianghuaguanjianhexinjishugongguan,zhububaituowaibuyilai,tishengyingdui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、xinxingchanyejianlian,zengqiangchanyeliangongyinglianrenxingheanquanshuiping。youhuazhongdashengchanlibuju,fahuizhongdianquyuzengchangjizuoyong,tuidongchanyezaibutongdiqujianyouxuzhuanyi,jiansheguojiazhanlvefudiheguanjianchanyebeifen,tigaochanyetixidekangfengxiannengli。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
當dang今jin世shi界jie,市shi場chang已yi成cheng為wei最zui稀xi缺que的de資zi源yuan,而er我wo國guo擁yong有you的de超chao大da規gui模mo國guo內nei市shi場chang,正zheng是shi我wo們men參can與yu國guo際ji競jing爭zheng的de關guan鍵jian優you勢shi。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,離li不bu開kai技ji術shu的de廣guang泛fan擴kuo散san與yu市shi場chang的de持chi續xu拓tuo展zhan,為wei新xin技ji術shu新xin產chan品pin推tui廣guang應ying用yong提ti供gong豐feng富fu的de應ying用yong場chang景jing和he市shi場chang空kong間jian。曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming,具ju有you超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang的de國guo家jia和he地di區qu往wang往wang都dou有you較jiao強qiang的de國guo際ji競jing爭zheng力li。然ran而er也ye要yao看kan到dao,當dang前qian我wo國guo市shi場chang體ti係xi仍reng不bu健jian全quan,“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、shehuixinyongdengshichangjingjijichuzhidu,jianshegaobiaozhunshichangtixi。guanjianyaozhelipochushichangbilei,dapodiqufengeyugezhongxingshidedifangbaohu,chongfenjifashichangneishengdongli。tongguojianshequanguotongyidashichang,yindaoxianjinyouzhishengchanyaosuxiangxinzhishengchanlilingyushunchanghuiju,shixiankuachanye、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、gonggeihexuqiuliangxinghudong,zengqiangguoneidaxunhuanneishengdonglihekekaoxing。dalitizhenxiaofei,luoshidaguimoshebeigengxinhexiaofeipinyijiuhuanxinxiangguanzhengce,bawoguochaodaguimoshichangxuqiuheyingyongchangjingfengfudeshichangyoushizhuanhuaweituidongxinzhishengchanlifazhandeqiangdaneishengdongli。
shichangfengeyudifangbaohushijianshequanguotongyidashichangdezhuyaozhangai,yeshizhiyuexinzhishengchanlifazhanheyaosuziyouliudongdeshencengcipingjing。fazhanxinzhishengchanli,yaoqiujianchiquanguoyipanqi,datongzhiyueyaosuchangtongliudongdekadiandudian,shixianziyuangaoxiaozuhehexietongchuangxin。weici,yaojianchiyouxiaoshichangheyouweizhengfuxiangjiehe,tongyizhengfuxingweichidu,zijiaopochufengbixiaoshichang、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”競jing爭zheng。同tong時shi,應ying強qiang化hua法fa治zhi引yin領ling與yu保bao障zhang作zuo用yong,運yun用yong法fa律lv手shou段duan規gui範fan市shi場chang競jing爭zheng,強qiang化hua製zhi度du統tong一yi與yu監jian管guan協xie調tiao,加jia快kuai清qing理li廢fei除chu妨fang礙ai全quan國guo統tong一yi市shi場chang和he公gong平ping競jing爭zheng的de各ge種zhong規gui定ding和he做zuo法fa,全quan麵mian落luo實shi“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li以yi技ji術shu創chuang新xin為wei重zhong要yao引yin擎qing,以yi市shi場chang需xu求qiu為wei關guan鍵jian牽qian引yin。加jia快kuai新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan,不bu僅jin能neng滿man足zu消xiao費fei升sheng級ji需xu求qiu,更geng能neng通tong過guo顛dian覆fu性xing技ji術shu和he創chuang新xin產chan品pin創chuang造zao需xu求qiu,推tui動dong供gong需xu雙shuang方fang的de迭die代dai升sheng級ji與yu相xiang互hu促cu進jin,實shi現xian高gao水shui平ping動dong態tai平ping衡heng。要yao發fa揮hui我wo國guo超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang優you勢shi,推tui動dong市shi場chang由you“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、hezuogongyingdequyuxietongchuangxingeju。kuodagaoshuipingduiwaikaifang,liyongguoneiguojishichangdexietongzuoyongheguimojingjixiaoying,datongguoneiwaigaoduanyaosushichang,zengqiangduiquanqiuyouzhiziyuandejijunengli,dazaoxiyinguojichuangxinyaosude“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”很hen大da程cheng度du就jiu體ti現xian在zai綠lv色se發fa展zhan上shang。綠lv水shui青qing山shan蘊yun含han著zhe無wu窮qiong的de經jing濟ji價jia值zhi,能neng源yuan源yuan不bu斷duan創chuang造zao綜zong合he效xiao益yi,支zhi撐cheng經jing濟ji社she會hui可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。當dang前qian,盡jin管guan生sheng態tai環huan境jing保bao護hu任ren務wu艱jian巨ju,但dan生sheng態tai環huan境jing也ye在zai持chi續xu改gai善shan,不bu斷duan孕yun育yu著zhe新xin的de競jing爭zheng優you勢shi。這zhe有you助zhu於yu推tui動dong低di碳tan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
xinzhishengchanlibenzhishangshixianjinshengchanlizhitai,bujinyaoqiuzhonggoushengchanlifazhanluoji,gengqiangtiaorenyuziranhexiegongsheng。jianchiyichuangxinqudonglvsebiange,tongguokejifunengtuidongshengchanyaosudelvsezhuanxingyugaoxiaopeizhi,jinerjianglvsejishu、xianjinchanyeyuditanshenghuofangshiquanmianrongrushengtaiwenmingjianshe,zhizaitupoziyuanhuanjingyueshu,kaipikechixufazhanxinlujing。zaishijianzhong,yaoquanmiantishenglvsekejichuangxinnengli,zuzhikaizhanlvsekejigongguan,jiaqiangshuzijishuyulvsejishuderonghe,jiakuaichanyelvsezhuanxingshengji,dazaogaoxiaoshengtailvsechanyejiqun。jiakuaigoujianlvseditanxunhuanfazhanjingjitixi,zhuangdalvsechanyehelvsejingjiguimo,xianzhujiangdiquanliantiaonenghaowuhao,xingchengkejihanlianggao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li區qu別bie於yu傳chuan統tong生sheng產chan力li的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao方fang麵mian,就jiu是shi將jiang生sheng態tai環huan境jing等deng要yao素su納na入ru生sheng產chan函han數shu,加jia強qiang綠lv色se科ke技ji創chuang新xin,提ti高gao資zi源yuan利li用yong效xiao率lv。加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,就jiu要yao牢lao固gu樹shu立li和he踐jian行xing綠lv水shui青qing山shan就jiu是shi金jin山shan銀yin山shan的de理li念nian,堅jian定ding不bu移yi走zou生sheng態tai優you先xian、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
生sheng態tai安an全quan是shi國guo家jia安an全quan的de重zhong要yao基ji石shi。作zuo為wei綠lv色se生sheng產chan力li,新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan與yu生sheng態tai安an全quan緊jin密mi相xiang連lian。必bi須xu堅jian持chi以yi總zong體ti國guo家jia安an全quan觀guan為wei指zhi導dao,從cong保bao障zhang國guo家jia生sheng態tai安an全quan、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、wendingxinghechixuxing。yaozhashituijinshengtaibaohuxiufu,qianghuajianguanxiaoneng,jiakuaijiansheguojiashengtaianquanpingzhang,weizisunhoudailiuxiashanqingshuixiudeshengtaikongjian。chixutuijinwuranfangzhigongjianheshengtaixitongyouhua,jijiyouxiaoyingduigezhongshengtaihuanjingfengxiantiaozhan,bashengtaihuanjingfengxiannaruchangtaihuaguanli,xitonggoujianquanguocheng、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。