在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)蔓(man)延(yan)，世(shi)界(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)勢(shi)複(fu)雜(za)多(duo)變(bian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，各(ge)國(guo)正(zheng)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)通(tong)過(guo)調(tiao)整(zheng)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)，應(ying)對(dui)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)
，恢(hui)複(fu)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)動(dong)力(li)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，中(zhong)國(guo)也(ye)正(zheng)通(tong)過(guo)積(ji)極(ji)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)與(yu)布(bu)局(ju)，擺(bai)脫(tuo)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)束(shu)縛(fu)
，保(bao)持(chi)經(jing)濟(ji)持(chi)續(xu)、健康和快速發展。2009nianzhongyangjingjigongzuohuiyitebiezhichuyaocongzhiduanpairushou，yinshilidaoyindaoguojichanyeyouxudixiangbenguozhuanyi
，yishirangwomenchongfenliyongjinrongweijiyinzhidequanqiuchanyejiegoutiaozhengheguojifengongzhongzudelishiqiji，xiyinkejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexiandaixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyi，tuidongwoguochanyejiegoudeyouhuayushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidelishijiyu

　　guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui
，cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou，yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan，zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。

　　一方麵，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展
，資本、技ji術shu和he勞lao動dong力li等deng生sheng產chan要yao素su在zai市shi場chang機ji製zhi的de作zuo用yong下xia全quan球qiu流liu動dong與yu組zu合he配pei置zhi
，催cui促cu著zhe一yi國guo或huo地di區qu內nei部bu的de產chan業ye向xiang具ju有you比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de地di區qu轉zhuan移yi
，但dan是shi，由you於yu發fa達da國guo家jia比bi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia表biao現xian出chu較jiao高gao的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping和he較jiao強qiang的de科ke技ji力li量liang，使shi得de它ta們men在zai世shi界jie分fen工gong體ti係xi和he利li益yi分fen配pei格ge局ju中zhong占zhan據ju主zhu導dao地di位wei。他ta們men將jiang資zi源yuan消xiao耗hao和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran水shui平ping高gao、技ji術shu含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi低di的de產chan業ye向xiang發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia和he不bu發fa達da國guo家jia轉zhuan移yi，以yi騰teng出chu地di域yu空kong間jian發fa展zhan科ke技ji含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi高gao的de先xian進jin產chan業ye和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie
，以yi維wei持chi自zi身shen在zai產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de優you勢shi地di位wei。然ran而er，由you於yu處chu於yu產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he先xian進jin產chan業ye多duo是shi資zi本ben與yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye，國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji的de爆bao發fa使shi得de金jin融rong資zi本ben斷duan裂lie


，導dao致zhi非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye缺que乏fa金jin融rong資zi本ben的de支zhi撐cheng，因yin而er，金jin融rong危wei機ji強qiang烈lie地di衝chong擊ji了le發fa達da國guo家jia內nei部bu不bu合he理li的de剛gang性xing產chan業ye結jie構gou

，必bi然ran促cu使shi它ta們men重zhong新xin協xie調tiao非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye與yu實shi物wu生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye的de相xiang對dui比bi重zhong，將jiang一yi部bu分fen處chu於yu產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he資zi本ben與yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye向xiang海hai外wai轉zhuan移yi
，由you此ci可ke能neng形xing成cheng國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de新xin浪lang潮chao。

　　lingyifangmian
，jinrongweijiweizhongguoyindaoguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaolezhuguandelishijiyu。gaigekaifangsanshiduoniandelishijingyanbiaoming
，zhongguochenggongdezhiduzhuanxingyouxiaodicujinlejingjijiegoudeyouhuahejingjizengchangfangshidezhuanbian
，chanshengle“經濟增長奇跡”

，極(ji)大(da)地(di)縮(suo)小(xiao)了(le)與(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)差(cha)距(ju)。即(ji)使(shi)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)席(xi)卷(juan)全(quan)球(qiu)，致(zhi)使(shi)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)下(xia)滑(hua)，中(zhong)國(guo)雖(sui)然(ran)也(ye)無(wu)一(yi)例(li)外(wai)地(di)不(bu)能(neng)幸(xing)免(mian)，然(ran)而(er)
，正(zheng)當(dang)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)尋(xun)找(zhao)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)應(ying)對(dui)之(zhi)策(ce)時(shi)
，中(zhong)國(guo)憑(ping)借(jie)對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放(fang)三(san)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)所(suo)積(ji)累(lei)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)和(he)及(ji)時(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)，率(lv)先(xian)走(zou)出(chu)了(le)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)陰(yin)霾(mai)
，使(shi)得(de)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)跨(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)麵(mian)臨(lin)本(ben)土(tu)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)環(huan)境(jing)惡(e)化(hua)時(shi)
，重(zhong)新(xin)審(shen)視(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)交(jiao)易(yi)成(cheng)本(ben)優(you)勢(shi)所(suo)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)經(jing)營(ying)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)改(gai)善(shan)。此(ci)時(shi)
，中(zhong)國(guo)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)依(yi)靠(kao)製(zhi)度(du)轉(zhuan)型(xing)所(suo)累(lei)積(ji)的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)調(tiao)整(zheng)政(zheng)策(ce)和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)製(zhi)度(du)，創(chuang)造(zao)產(chan)業(ye)升(sheng)級(ji)的(de)新(xin)環(huan)境(jing)，主(zhu)動(dong)引(yin)導(dao)和(he)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)

，並(bing)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)培(pei)育(yu)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)
，優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)布(bu)局(ju)
，推(tui)動(dong)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)升(sheng)級(ji)。引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)

　　中(zhong)國(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)正(zheng)處(chu)於(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)，要(yao)巧(qiao)借(jie)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)

，加(jia)快(kuai)現(xian)代(dai)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)，實(shi)現(xian)大(da)國(guo)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)趕(gan)超(chao)，必(bi)然(ran)需(xu)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)高(gao)端(duan)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)。為(wei)此(ci)

，我(wo)們(men)有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)地(di)提(ti)出(chu)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)：

　　第di一yi，提ti高gao投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de差cha異yi化hua程cheng度du
，破po除chu無wu形xing的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce壁bi壘lei。為wei了le承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi，對dui不bu同tong地di區qu承cheng接jie不bu同tong產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce應ying盡jin可ke能neng差cha別bie對dui待dai
，並bing增zeng強qiang投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de透tou明ming度du，消xiao除chu政zheng策ce性xing歧qi視shi。一yi方fang麵mian，由you於yu中zhong國guo各ge地di區qu資zi源yuan稟bing賦fu、jishushuipinghejingjifazhanshuipingcunzaichayi
，guojiazaizhidingtouzizhengceshi，yingkaolvgeiyugediquyidingdezizhuxing，caiquguojiazhidingtouzizhengcezhidaoyuanze，gediquyijuciyuanzejiehezishendejingjifazhanshuiping，chayihuadizhidingguli、限xian製zhi和he禁jin止zhi外wai商shang投tou資zi產chan業ye的de政zheng策ce。另ling一yi方fang麵mian
，地di方fang政zheng府fu主zhu管guan部bu門men應ying加jia快kuai清qing理li與yu降jiang低di投tou資zi壁bi壘lei和he投tou資zi政zheng策ce透tou明ming度du原yuan則ze不bu相xiang適shi應ying的de政zheng策ce規gui章zhang，並bing逐zhu步bu廢fei除chu一yi些xie與yu促cu進jin投tou資zi自zi由you化hua的de國guo際ji規gui則ze相xiang衝chong突tu的de法fa律lv法fa規gui，且qie進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan促cu進jin不bu同tong地di區qu各ge類lei產chan業ye投tou資zi相xiang適shi應ying的de自zi由you化hua規gui則ze，同tong時shi
，還hai應ying加jia強qiang投tou資zi自zi由you化hua政zheng策ce的de對dui外wai宣xuan傳chuan，及ji時shi對dui外wai公gong布bu鼓gu勵li、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息
，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　第di二er，調tiao整zheng稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi
，增zeng強qiang稅shui收shou政zheng策ce的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。稅shui收shou政zheng策ce反fan映ying了le政zheng府fu對dui企qi業ye與yu個ge人ren收shou益yi的de征zheng稅shui水shui平ping，因yin此ci，稅shui收shou政zheng策ce一yi直zhi是shi作zuo為wei世shi界jie各ge國guo引yin導dao產chan業ye資zi本ben流liu向xiang的de重zhong要yao手shou段duan。為wei了le提ti高gao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de轉zhuan移yi效xiao率lv
，應ying依yi據ju地di區qu特te征zheng和he產chan業ye的de特te性xing，采cai取qu多duo樣yang化hua的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi。一yi方fang麵mian，應ying適shi時shi地di依yi據ju地di區qu和he產chan業ye政zheng策ce的de需xu要yao
，協xie調tiao采cai用yong各ge種zhong稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi。由you於yu間jian接jie稅shui收shou優you惠hui方fang式shi能neng對dui投tou資zi周zhou期qi長chang
、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此
，應逐步采取以加速折舊、kuisunmibudengjianjieshuishouyouhuifangshiweizhu

，cujinzibenhejishumijixingchanyetouzi。lingyifangmian，zhengfuyingyijudiyutezhenghechanyetexingzhidingxihuadeshuishouyouhuizhengce
，bingzaidiquzhijian、行(xing)業(ye)之(zhi)間(jian)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)之(zhi)間(jian)體(ti)現(xian)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。對(dui)於(yu)技(ji)術(shu)密(mi)集(ji)型(xing)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)，可(ke)賦(fu)予(yu)相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)其(qi)他(ta)產(chan)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)更(geng)為(wei)優(you)厚(hou)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)，同(tong)時(shi)，為(wei)了(le)鼓(gu)勵(li)落(luo)後(hou)地(di)區(qu)吸(xi)引(yin)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)
，可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)獲(huo)得(de)相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)達(da)地(di)區(qu)而(er)言(yan)更(geng)為(wei)優(you)厚(hou)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)

，以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)落(luo)後(hou)地(di)區(qu)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。

　　第三，創新商業交易製度，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立
、biangengyutuichushengchanyujingyinghuodongdeshouquanyuhuibaochengxu。shouxian，keyichangshiyouzhongyangbuweichutaigediqushenpiwaiziqiyedeyuanze，bingzaigegejibiedexingzhengquhuadanweishelishenpijiguanqiegeiyutamenyudiqujingjifazhanguimoxiangyingdeshenpiquanxian

，qieyifalvxingshijiayiguding。zaiguojiaduiwaishangsheliqiyeguidingshenpiyuanzedetiaojianxia

，weilegulizhixiashihejingjifadadiquchengjieguowaixianjinchanyedezhuanyi，zhongyangkeshidanggeiyudiquzhengfuduiyuxiandaixianjinchanyejiaogaodeshenpiquanxian。qici
，jinkenengjianhuawaishangtouzishenqingshelixiandaixianjinqiyedeshenpishouxu
，zengqiangshenpidetoumingduhetigaoshenpixiaolv。shenpijiguankeshidangjianhuawaizideshenpihelianhenianjianshouxu，shixing“一站式”服務，且在經營期內

，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押、轉讓，以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi)，應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu)，減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci)，改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”banfa

，duiyuwaishangzaibenguotouzixiandaixianjinqiye，caiyongleisiyuneiziqiyedezhongzhijingyingdebanfa
，kexianyouqiyepinyongqingsuanjigouchujujuyoufalvxiaoyingdeqingsuanbaogao
，zaibaoshenpijiguanshenhe，shixianneiwaiziqiyezaishenpishouxushangdengtongduidai。

　　第di四si
，健jian全quan產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du，降jiang低di企qi業ye生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying中zhong的de不bu確que定ding性xing。為wei了le有you效xiao引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye有you序xu向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi
，我wo們men既ji要yao加jia大da知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin力li度du，又you要yao努nu力li提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de保bao護hu水shui平ping。對dui於yu知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin，一yi方fang麵mian，應ying努nu力li完wan善shan知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa律lv，逐zhu步bu覆fu蓋gai當dang前qian法fa律lv條tiao文wen所suo不bu能neng含han蓋gai的de盲mang區qu，並bing依yi據ju行xing業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie對dui知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de敏min感gan程cheng度du不bu同tong，適shi時shi地di製zhi定ding相xiang關guan的de知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa規gui;另ling一yi方fang麵mian
，應ying增zeng強qiang知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de執zhi法fa力li度du，加jia大da對dui侵qin犯fan知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de懲cheng罰fa力li度du，提ti高gao知zhi識shi產chan權quan侵qin權quan的de成cheng本ben。對dui於yu人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan保bao護hu
，首shou先xian應ying適shi時shi地di修xiu訂ding與yu完wan善shan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》
、《勞動合同法》等相關法律
，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調
；其qi次ci

，通tong過guo加jia大da相xiang關guan法fa律lv法fa規gui的de執zhi行xing力li度du和he拓tuo寬kuan覆fu蓋gai麵mian
，確que保bao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi雙shuang方fang在zai平ping等deng互hu利li的de前qian提ti下xia，完wan善shan人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de交jiao易yi程cheng序xu，減jian少shao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi的de不bu確que定ding性xing;zaici，dalifazhanrenlizibenshichanghejianlirenlizibenshichangjiaoyizhidu
，kuodazibenxinxijiaoliuqudao

，tigaorenlizibenxinxigongxiangshuiping，jiangdiqiyehuoqurenlizibendexinxichengben
，fahuifanyingrenlizibenjiazhideshichangjizhi，baozhangrenlizibenchanquan，fangzhirenlizibenchanquanjiaoyi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為
，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學
、湖南大學）