在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)蔓(man)延(yan)
，世(shi)界(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)勢(shi)複(fu)雜(za)多(duo)變(bian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)
，各(ge)國(guo)正(zheng)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)通(tong)過(guo)調(tiao)整(zheng)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)，應(ying)對(dui)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，恢(hui)複(fu)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)動(dong)力(li)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，中(zhong)國(guo)也(ye)正(zheng)通(tong)過(guo)積(ji)極(ji)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)與(yu)布(bu)局(ju)
，擺(bai)脫(tuo)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)束(shu)縛(fu)，保(bao)持(chi)經(jing)濟(ji)持(chi)續(xu)、健康和快速發展。2009年nian中zhong央yang經jing濟ji工gong作zuo會hui議yi特te別bie指zhi出chu要yao從cong製zhi度du安an排pai入ru手shou
，因yin勢shi利li導dao引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye有you序xu地di向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi，亦yi是shi讓rang我wo們men充chong分fen利li用yong金jin融rong危wei機ji引yin致zhi的de全quan球qiu產chan業ye結jie構gou調tiao整zheng和he國guo際ji分fen工gong重zhong組zu的de曆li史shi契qi機ji，吸xi引yin科ke技ji含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi高gao的de現xian代dai先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi
，推tui動dong我wo國guo產chan業ye結jie構gou的de優you化hua與yu升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu

　　國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji的de爆bao發fa導dao致zhi了le全quan球qiu經jing濟ji的de衰shuai退tui，促cu使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo設she計ji有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai調tiao整zheng產chan業ye結jie構gou，以yi作zuo為wei應ying對dui金jin融rong危wei機ji的de主zhu要yao手shou段duan，這zhe使shi得de金jin融rong危wei機ji有you可ke能neng為wei中zhong國guo引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi創chuang造zao了le一yi次ci難nan得de的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu。

　　一方麵，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看

，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展，資本、jishuhelaodonglidengshengchanyaosuzaishichangjizhidezuoyongxiaquanqiuliudongyuzuhepeizhi，cuicuzheyiguohuodiquneibudechanyexiangjuyoubijiaoyoushidediquzhuanyi，danshi，youyufadaguojiabifazhanzhongguojiabiaoxianchujiaogaodejingjifazhanshuipinghejiaoqiangdekejililiang，shidetamenzaishijiefengongtixiheliyifenpeigejuzhongzhanjuzhudaodiwei。tamenjiangziyuanxiaohaohehuanjingwuranshuipinggao
、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi，yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie，yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner
，youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye，guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie，daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng
，yiner，jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou
，birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong，jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi，youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。

　　lingyifangmian，jinrongweijiweizhongguoyindaoguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaolezhuguandelishijiyu。gaigekaifangsanshiduoniandelishijingyanbiaoming
，zhongguochenggongdezhiduzhuanxingyouxiaodicujinlejingjijiegoudeyouhuahejingjizengchangfangshidezhuanbian
，chanshengle“經濟增長奇跡”，jidadisuoxiaoleyufadaguojiadejingjifazhanchaju。jishiguojijinrongweijixijuanquanqiu，zhishishijiegeguojingjixiahua，zhongguosuiranyewuyiliwaidibunengxingmian，raner
，zhengdangshijiegeguozhiliyuxunzhaojinrongweijideyingduizhiceshi，zhongguopingjieduiwaikaifangsanshiduoniansuojileidewuzhijichuhejishiyouxiaodezhiduanpai，lvxianzouchulejinrongweijideyinmai，shidefadaguojiadekuaguogongsizaimianlinbentushengchanyujingyinghuanjingehuashi，zhongxinshenshizhongguodeshengchanchengbenhejiaoyichengbenyoushisuodailaideshengchanhejingyinghuanjingdegaishan。cishi，zhongguoyoukenengyikaozhiduzhuanxingsuoleijidejingyan，jinyibutiaozhengzhengcehechuangxinzhidu，chuangzaochanyeshengjidexinhuanjing，zhudongyindaohechengjieguojixianjinchanyezhuanyi

，bingzaibenguopeiyuwanzhengdechanyejiazhilian
，youhuachanyedekongjianbuju
，tuidongchanyejiegoushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidezhiduchuangxin

　　zhongguozuoweizhengchuyugongyehuajinchengzhongdeshijieshangzuidadefazhanzhongguojia
，yaoqiaojiejinrongweijidelishijiyu，jiakuaixiandaigongyehuajincheng，shixiandaguodejingjiganchao，biranxuyaotongguozhiduchuangxinyindaoguojixianjinchanyehechanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyilaishixian。weici，womenyouzhenduixingditichuyindaoguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyidezhengcetiaozhenghezhiduchuangxin：

　　第di一yi，提ti高gao投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de差cha異yi化hua程cheng度du，破po除chu無wu形xing的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce壁bi壘lei。為wei了le承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi
，對dui不bu同tong地di區qu承cheng接jie不bu同tong產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce應ying盡jin可ke能neng差cha別bie對dui待dai
，並bing增zeng強qiang投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de透tou明ming度du
，消xiao除chu政zheng策ce性xing歧qi視shi。一yi方fang麵mian，由you於yu中zhong國guo各ge地di區qu資zi源yuan稟bing賦fu、jishushuipinghejingjifazhanshuipingcunzaichayi
，guojiazaizhidingtouzizhengceshi，yingkaolvgeiyugediquyidingdezizhuxing
，caiquguojiazhidingtouzizhengcezhidaoyuanze，gediquyijuciyuanzejiehezishendejingjifazhanshuiping，chayihuadizhidingguli、xianzhihejinzhiwaishangtouzichanyedezhengce。lingyifangmian，difangzhengfuzhuguanbumenyingjiakuaiqingliyujiangditouzibileihetouzizhengcetoumingduyuanzebuxiangshiyingdezhengceguizhang
，bingzhubufeichuyixieyucujintouziziyouhuadeguojiguizexiangchongtudefalvfagui，qiejinyibuwanshancujinbutongdiqugeleichanyetouzixiangshiyingdeziyouhuaguize，tongshi，haiyingjiaqiangtouziziyouhuazhengcededuiwaixuanchuan，jishiduiwaigongbuguli、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　第(di)二(er)
，調(tiao)整(zheng)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)，增(zeng)強(qiang)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)與(yu)個(ge)人(ren)收(shou)益(yi)的(de)征(zheng)稅(shui)水(shui)平(ping)，因(yin)此(ci)，稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)引(yin)導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)資(zi)本(ben)流(liu)向(xiang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手(shou)段(duan)。為(wei)了(le)提(ti)高(gao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)轉(zhuan)移(yi)效(xiao)率(lv)
，應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)區(qu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)特(te)性(xing)
，采(cai)取(qu)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)。一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，應(ying)適(shi)時(shi)地(di)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)區(qu)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)，協(xie)調(tiao)采(cai)用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)。由(you)於(yu)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)能(neng)對(dui)投(tou)資(zi)周(zhou)期(qi)長(chang)、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此，應逐步采取以加速折舊
、虧(kui)損(sun)彌(mi)補(bu)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)
，促(cu)進(jin)資(zi)本(ben)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)密(mi)集(ji)型(xing)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)
，政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)特(te)性(xing)製(zhi)定(ding)細(xi)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)，並(bing)在(zai)地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)間(jian)、xingyezhijianheshengchanhuanjiezhijiantixianshuishouzhengceyouhuidexiangduiyouxiaoxing。duiyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyehuoshengchanhuanjie，kefuyuxiangduiyuqitachanyehuoshengchanhuanjiegengweiyouhoudeshuishouyouhui，tongshi
，weileguliluohoudiquxiyinchanyezhuanyi

，keshidanghuodexiangduiyujingjifadadiqueryangengweiyouhoudeshuishouzhengce
，yitigaoshuishouyouhuizhengcezaijingjiluohoudiqudexiangduiyouxiaoxing。

　　第三，創新商業交易製度
，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、變bian更geng與yu退tui出chu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying活huo動dong的de授shou權quan與yu彙hui報bao程cheng序xu。首shou先xian，可ke以yi嚐chang試shi由you中zhong央yang部bu委wei出chu台tai各ge地di區qu審shen批pi外wai資zi企qi業ye的de原yuan則ze，並bing在zai各ge個ge級ji別bie的de行xing政zheng區qu劃hua單dan位wei設she立li審shen批pi機ji關guan且qie給gei予yu他ta們men與yu地di區qu經jing濟ji發fa展zhan規gui模mo相xiang應ying的de審shen批pi權quan限xian，且qie以yi法fa律lv形xing式shi加jia以yi固gu定ding。在zai國guo家jia對dui外wai商shang設she立li企qi業ye規gui定ding審shen批pi原yuan則ze的de條tiao件jian下xia，為wei了le鼓gu勵li直zhi轄xia市shi和he經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu承cheng接jie國guo外wai先xian進jin產chan業ye的de轉zhuan移yi，中zhong央yang可ke適shi當dang給gei予yu地di區qu政zheng府fu對dui於yu現xian代dai先xian進jin產chan業ye較jiao高gao的de審shen批pi權quan限xian。其qi次ci，盡jin可ke能neng簡jian化hua外wai商shang投tou資zi申shen請qing設she立li現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye的de審shen批pi手shou續xu，增zeng強qiang審shen批pi的de透tou明ming度du和he提ti高gao審shen批pi效xiao率lv。審shen批pi機ji關guan可ke適shi當dang簡jian化hua外wai資zi的de審shen批pi和he聯lian合he年nian檢jian手shou續xu，實shi行xing“一站式”服務，且在經營期內，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少
、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押
、轉讓
，以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅shui務wu等deng各ge部bu門men對dui外wai資zi企qi業ye實shi行xing聯lian合he年nian檢jian時shi，應ying提ti高gao行xing政zheng機ji關guan審shen批pi和he辦ban理li的de效xiao率lv和he透tou明ming度du，盡jin可ke能neng地di簡jian化hua辦ban理li手shou續xu，減jian少shao企qi業ye支zhi付fu行xing政zheng審shen批pi和he年nian檢jian的de成cheng本ben。再zai次ci，改gai變bian以yi往wang外wai商shang投tou資zi企qi業ye因yin經jing營ying期qi限xian滿man而er終zhong止zhi經jing營ying的de“一刀切”辦(ban)法(fa)
，對(dui)於(yu)外(wai)商(shang)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)投(tou)資(zi)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)
，采(cai)用(yong)類(lei)似(si)於(yu)內(nei)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa)，可(ke)先(xian)由(you)企(qi)業(ye)聘(pin)用(yong)清(qing)算(suan)機(ji)構(gou)出(chu)具(ju)具(ju)有(you)法(fa)律(lv)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)清(qing)算(suan)報(bao)告(gao)，再(zai)報(bao)審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)核(he)
，實(shi)現(xian)內(nei)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)審(shen)批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)上(shang)等(deng)同(tong)對(dui)待(dai)。

　　第di四si，健jian全quan產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du，降jiang低di企qi業ye生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying中zhong的de不bu確que定ding性xing。為wei了le有you效xiao引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye有you序xu向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi
，我wo們men既ji要yao加jia大da知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin力li度du，又you要yao努nu力li提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de保bao護hu水shui平ping。對dui於yu知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin，一yi方fang麵mian
，應ying努nu力li完wan善shan知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa律lv，逐zhu步bu覆fu蓋gai當dang前qian法fa律lv條tiao文wen所suo不bu能neng含han蓋gai的de盲mang區qu，並bing依yi據ju行xing業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie對dui知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de敏min感gan程cheng度du不bu同tong，適shi時shi地di製zhi定ding相xiang關guan的de知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa規gui;另ling一yi方fang麵mian，應ying增zeng強qiang知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de執zhi法fa力li度du，加jia大da對dui侵qin犯fan知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de懲cheng罰fa力li度du，提ti高gao知zhi識shi產chan權quan侵qin權quan的de成cheng本ben。對dui於yu人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan保bao護hu，首shou先xian應ying適shi時shi地di修xiu訂ding與yu完wan善shan《勞動法》
、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調；其qi次ci
，通tong過guo加jia大da相xiang關guan法fa律lv法fa規gui的de執zhi行xing力li度du和he拓tuo寬kuan覆fu蓋gai麵mian，確que保bao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi雙shuang方fang在zai平ping等deng互hu利li的de前qian提ti下xia，完wan善shan人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de交jiao易yi程cheng序xu
，減jian少shao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi的de不bu確que定ding性xing;再zai次ci，大da力li發fa展zhan人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang和he建jian立li人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang交jiao易yi製zhi度du

，擴kuo大da資zi本ben信xin息xi交jiao流liu渠qu道dao，提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben信xin息xi共gong享xiang水shui平ping，降jiang低di企qi業ye獲huo取qu人ren力li資zi本ben的de信xin息xi成cheng本ben，發fa揮hui反fan映ying人ren力li資zi本ben價jia值zhi的de市shi場chang機ji製zhi，保bao障zhang人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan，防fang止zhi人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan交jiao易yi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學
、湖南大學）