編者語：xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，tigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。benwenjieshaogongkongzhujixunihuajishudetedian，xiangxijieshaoleruhejiangxunihuajishuyingyongyugongkongji。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu
，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing
，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan
，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並bing行xing，允yun許xu一yi個ge平ping台tai同tong時shi運yun行xing多duo個ge操cao作zuo係xi統tong，並bing且qie應ying用yong程cheng序xu都dou可ke以yi在zai相xiang互hu獨du立li的de空kong間jian內nei運yun行xing而er互hu不bu影ying響xiang，從cong而er顯xian著zhu提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案
，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng
，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng
，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMMruanjiannenggougaijinchunruanjianjiejuefangan。youyuxunihuayingjianketigongquanxindejiagou，zhichicaozuoxitongzhijiezaishangmianyunxing，congerwuxujinxingerjinzhizhuanhuan
，jianshaolexiangguandexingnengkaixiao，jidajianhualeVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong
，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji


，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian
，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian

，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou
，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用
，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等deng眾zhong多duo操cao作zuo係xi統tong，實shi現xian以yi往wang不bu可ke能neng實shi現xian的de多duo宿xiu主zhu架jia構gou，在zai工gong控kong應ying用yong當dang中zhong，可ke以yi滿man足zu多duo種zhong業ye務wu係xi統tong的de需xu要yao。快kuai照zhao功gong能neng在zai虛xu擬ni化hua環huan境jing中zhong支zhi持chi每mei卷juan創chuang建jian多duo個ge快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，並bing將jiang這zhe些xie時shi間jian點dian拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei其qi他ta虛xu擬ni機ji。這zhe樣yang用yong戶hu隻zhi需xu創chuang建jian生sheng產chan數shu據ju的de快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei並bing分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo測ce試shi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，就jiu能neng夠gou創chuang建jian出chu功gong能neng強qiang大da的de測ce試shi環huan境jing了le。一yi旦dan用yong戶hu建jian立li了le虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi環huan境jing
，用yong戶hu就jiu能neng夠gou快kuai速su創chuang建jian虛xu擬ni測ce試shi服fu務wu器qi。測ce試shi人ren員yuan不bu僅jin能neng夠gou在zai幾ji秒miao鍾zhong內nei分fen配pei獲huo得de真zhen實shi的de“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei

，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji
，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang ，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi
，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。