http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-18 08:37:24 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
zaiguojijinrongweijimanyan,shijiejingjixingshifuzaduobiandehuanjingxia,geguozhengzhiliyutongguotiaozhengchanyejiegou,yingduijinrongweijidetiaozhan,huifujingjizengchangdedongli。yucitongshi,zhongguoyezhengtongguojijidezhiduchuangxinyouhuachanyejiegouyubuju,baituojinrongweijideshufu,baochijingjichixu、健康和快速發展。2009年nian中zhong央yang經jing濟ji工gong作zuo會hui議yi特te別bie指zhi出chu要yao從cong製zhi度du安an排pai入ru手shou,因yin勢shi利li導dao引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye有you序xu地di向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi,亦yi是shi讓rang我wo們men充chong分fen利li用yong金jin融rong危wei機ji引yin致zhi的de全quan球qiu產chan業ye結jie構gou調tiao整zheng和he國guo際ji分fen工gong重zhong組zu的de曆li史shi契qi機ji,吸xi引yin科ke技ji含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi高gao的de現xian代dai先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi,推tui動dong我wo國guo產chan業ye結jie構gou的de優you化hua與yu升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu
國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji的de爆bao發fa導dao致zhi了le全quan球qiu經jing濟ji的de衰shuai退tui,促cu使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo設she計ji有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai調tiao整zheng產chan業ye結jie構gou,以yi作zuo為wei應ying對dui金jin融rong危wei機ji的de主zhu要yao手shou段duan,這zhe使shi得de金jin融rong危wei機ji有you可ke能neng為wei中zhong國guo引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi創chuang造zao了le一yi次ci難nan得de的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu。
一方麵,金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看,雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展,資本、技ji術shu和he勞lao動dong力li等deng生sheng產chan要yao素su在zai市shi場chang機ji製zhi的de作zuo用yong下xia全quan球qiu流liu動dong與yu組zu合he配pei置zhi,催cui促cu著zhe一yi國guo或huo地di區qu內nei部bu的de產chan業ye向xiang具ju有you比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de地di區qu轉zhuan移yi,但dan是shi,由you於yu發fa達da國guo家jia比bi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia表biao現xian出chu較jiao高gao的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping和he較jiao強qiang的de科ke技ji力li量liang,使shi得de它ta們men在zai世shi界jie分fen工gong體ti係xi和he利li益yi分fen配pei格ge局ju中zhong占zhan據ju主zhu導dao地di位wei。他ta們men將jiang資zi源yuan消xiao耗hao和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran水shui平ping高gao、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi,yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie,yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner,youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye,guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie,daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng,yiner,jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou,birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong,jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi,youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。
另ling一yi方fang麵mian,金jin融rong危wei機ji為wei中zhong國guo引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi創chuang造zao了le主zhu觀guan的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu。改gai革ge開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian的de曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming,中zhong國guo成cheng功gong的de製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing有you效xiao地di促cu進jin了le經jing濟ji結jie構gou的de優you化hua和he經jing濟ji增zeng長chang方fang式shi的de轉zhuan變bian,產chan生sheng了le“經濟增長奇跡”,jidadisuoxiaoleyufadaguojiadejingjifazhanchaju。jishiguojijinrongweijixijuanquanqiu,zhishishijiegeguojingjixiahua,zhongguosuiranyewuyiliwaidibunengxingmian,raner,zhengdangshijiegeguozhiliyuxunzhaojinrongweijideyingduizhiceshi,zhongguopingjieduiwaikaifangsanshiduoniansuojileidewuzhijichuhejishiyouxiaodezhiduanpai,lvxianzouchulejinrongweijideyinmai,shidefadaguojiadekuaguogongsizaimianlinbentushengchanyujingyinghuanjingehuashi,zhongxinshenshizhongguodeshengchanchengbenhejiaoyichengbenyoushisuodailaideshengchanhejingyinghuanjingdegaishan。cishi,zhongguoyoukenengyikaozhiduzhuanxingsuoleijidejingyan,jinyibutiaozhengzhengcehechuangxinzhidu,chuangzaochanyeshengjidexinhuanjing,zhudongyindaohechengjieguojixianjinchanyezhuanyi,bingzaibenguopeiyuwanzhengdechanyejiazhilian,youhuachanyedekongjianbuju,tuidongchanyejiegoushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidezhiduchuangxin
zhongguozuoweizhengchuyugongyehuajinchengzhongdeshijieshangzuidadefazhanzhongguojia,yaoqiaojiejinrongweijidelishijiyu,jiakuaixiandaigongyehuajincheng,shixiandaguodejingjiganchao,biranxuyaotongguozhiduchuangxinyindaoguojixianjinchanyehechanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyilaishixian。weici,womenyouzhenduixingditichuyindaoguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyidezhengcetiaozhenghezhiduchuangxin:
第(di)一(yi),提(ti)高(gao)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du),破(po)除(chu)無(wu)形(xing)的(de)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)壁(bi)壘(lei)。為(wei)了(le)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)轉(zhuan)移(yi),對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)地(di)區(qu)承(cheng)接(jie)不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)應(ying)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)差(cha)別(bie)對(dui)待(dai),並(bing)增(zeng)強(qiang)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)透(tou)明(ming)度(du),消(xiao)除(chu)政(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)歧(qi)視(shi)。一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),由(you)於(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)資(zi)源(yuan)稟(bing)賦(fu)、jishushuipinghejingjifazhanshuipingcunzaichayi,guojiazaizhidingtouzizhengceshi,yingkaolvgeiyugediquyidingdezizhuxing,caiquguojiazhidingtouzizhengcezhidaoyuanze,gediquyijuciyuanzejiehezishendejingjifazhanshuiping,chayihuadizhidingguli、限xian製zhi和he禁jin止zhi外wai商shang投tou資zi產chan業ye的de政zheng策ce。另ling一yi方fang麵mian,地di方fang政zheng府fu主zhu管guan部bu門men應ying加jia快kuai清qing理li與yu降jiang低di投tou資zi壁bi壘lei和he投tou資zi政zheng策ce透tou明ming度du原yuan則ze不bu相xiang適shi應ying的de政zheng策ce規gui章zhang,並bing逐zhu步bu廢fei除chu一yi些xie與yu促cu進jin投tou資zi自zi由you化hua的de國guo際ji規gui則ze相xiang衝chong突tu的de法fa律lv法fa規gui,且qie進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan促cu進jin不bu同tong地di區qu各ge類lei產chan業ye投tou資zi相xiang適shi應ying的de自zi由you化hua規gui則ze,同tong時shi,還hai應ying加jia強qiang投tou資zi自zi由you化hua政zheng策ce的de對dui外wai宣xuan傳chuan,及ji時shi對dui外wai公gong布bu鼓gu勵li、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息,並確保這些信息的國際傳播。
第di二er,調tiao整zheng稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi,增zeng強qiang稅shui收shou政zheng策ce的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。稅shui收shou政zheng策ce反fan映ying了le政zheng府fu對dui企qi業ye與yu個ge人ren收shou益yi的de征zheng稅shui水shui平ping,因yin此ci,稅shui收shou政zheng策ce一yi直zhi是shi作zuo為wei世shi界jie各ge國guo引yin導dao產chan業ye資zi本ben流liu向xiang的de重zhong要yao手shou段duan。為wei了le提ti高gao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de轉zhuan移yi效xiao率lv,應ying依yi據ju地di區qu特te征zheng和he產chan業ye的de特te性xing,采cai取qu多duo樣yang化hua的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi。一yi方fang麵mian,應ying適shi時shi地di依yi據ju地di區qu和he產chan業ye政zheng策ce的de需xu要yao,協xie調tiao采cai用yong各ge種zhong稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi。由you於yu間jian接jie稅shui收shou優you惠hui方fang式shi能neng對dui投tou資zi周zhou期qi長chang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠,因此,應逐步采取以加速折舊、kuisunmibudengjianjieshuishouyouhuifangshiweizhu,cujinzibenhejishumijixingchanyetouzi。lingyifangmian,zhengfuyingyijudiyutezhenghechanyetexingzhidingxihuadeshuishouyouhuizhengce,bingzaidiquzhijian、行xing業ye之zhi間jian和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie之zhi間jian體ti現xian稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。對dui於yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie,可ke賦fu予yu相xiang對dui於yu其qi他ta產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui,同tong時shi,為wei了le鼓gu勵li落luo後hou地di區qu吸xi引yin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi,可ke適shi當dang獲huo得de相xiang對dui於yu經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu而er言yan更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce,以yi提ti高gao稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce在zai經jing濟ji落luo後hou地di區qu的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。
第三,創新商業交易製度,減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移,中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、biangengyutuichushengchanyujingyinghuodongdeshouquanyuhuibaochengxu。shouxian,keyichangshiyouzhongyangbuweichutaigediqushenpiwaiziqiyedeyuanze,bingzaigegejibiedexingzhengquhuadanweishelishenpijiguanqiegeiyutamenyudiqujingjifazhanguimoxiangyingdeshenpiquanxian,qieyifalvxingshijiayiguding。zaiguojiaduiwaishangsheliqiyeguidingshenpiyuanzedetiaojianxia,weilegulizhixiashihejingjifadadiquchengjieguowaixianjinchanyedezhuanyi,zhongyangkeshidanggeiyudiquzhengfuduiyuxiandaixianjinchanyejiaogaodeshenpiquanxian。qici,jinkenengjianhuawaishangtouzishenqingshelixiandaixianjinqiyedeshenpishouxu,zengqiangshenpidetoumingduhetigaoshenpixiaolv。shenpijiguankeshidangjianhuawaizideshenpihelianhenianjianshouxu,shixing“一站式”服務,且在經營期內,企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本,或是將其
財產權益對外抵押、轉讓,以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi),應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du),盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu),減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci),改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”辦(ban)法(fa),對(dui)於(yu)外(wai)商(shang)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)投(tou)資(zi)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye),采(cai)用(yong)類(lei)似(si)於(yu)內(nei)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa),可(ke)先(xian)由(you)企(qi)業(ye)聘(pin)用(yong)清(qing)算(suan)機(ji)構(gou)出(chu)具(ju)具(ju)有(you)法(fa)律(lv)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)清(qing)算(suan)報(bao)告(gao),再(zai)報(bao)審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)核(he),實(shi)現(xian)內(nei)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)審(shen)批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)上(shang)等(deng)同(tong)對(dui)待(dai)。
disi,jianquanchanquanbaohuzhidu,jiangdiqiyeshengchanyujingyingzhongdebuquedingxing。weileyouxiaoyindaoguojixianjinchanyeyouxuxiangbenguozhuanyi,womenjiyaojiadazhishichanquanbaohuzhidudechuangxinlidu,youyaonulitigaorenlizibenchanquandebaohushuiping。duiyuzhishichanquanbaohuzhidudechuangxin,yifangmian,yingnuliwanshanzhishichanquanbaohufalv,zhubufugaidangqianfalvtiaowensuobunenghangaidemangqu,bingyijuxingyehuoshengchanhuanjieduizhishichanquandeminganchengdubutong,shishidizhidingxiangguandezhishichanquanbaohufagui;lingyifangmian,yingzengqiangzhishichanquandezhifalidu,jiadaduiqinfanzhishichanquandechengfalidu,tigaozhishichanquanqinquandechengben。duiyurenlizibenchanquanbaohu,shouxianyingshishidixiudingyuwanshan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律,消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則,加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調;其(qi)次(ci),通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)大(da)相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)的(de)執(zhi)行(xing)力(li)度(du)和(he)拓(tuo)寬(kuan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)麵(mian),確(que)保(bao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)交(jiao)易(yi)雙(shuang)方(fang)在(zai)平(ping)等(deng)互(hu)利(li)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia),完(wan)善(shan)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)程(cheng)序(xu),減(jian)少(shao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing);zaici,dalifazhanrenlizibenshichanghejianlirenlizibenshichangjiaoyizhidu,kuodazibenxinxijiaoliuqudao,tigaorenlizibenxinxigongxiangshuiping,jiangdiqiyehuoqurenlizibendexinxichengben,fahuifanyingrenlizibenjiazhideshichangjizhi,baozhangrenlizibenchanquan,fangzhirenlizibenchanquanjiaoyi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為,提高人力資本的利用效率。(作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位:北京大學、湖南大學)