http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-05-02 04:51:00 來源:賽迪顧問
黨的二十屆三中全會提出,“加快推進新型工業化,培育壯大先進製造業集群,推動製造業高端化、智能化、綠色化發展”。城市是中國推進新型工業化、打造以先進製造業為骨幹的現代化產業體係的重要載體。賽迪顧問於2024年12月25日在湖北省荊州市舉辦的2024先進製造業發展大會上發布《2024年先進製造業城市研究》,提出城市先進製造業發展的“三類模式”“三大趨勢”“三點建議”,旨在助力城市先進製造業發展,推進新型工業化進程。

一、新發現:城市先進製造業發展三種模式
通tong過guo連lian續xu多duo年nian對dui城cheng市shi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye發fa展zhan的de追zhui蹤zong觀guan察cha及ji研yan究jiu,賽sai迪di顧gu問wen先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye研yan究jiu中zhong心xin對dui城cheng市shi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye發fa展zhan演yan進jin曲qu線xian進jin行xing了le迭die代dai升sheng級ji,形xing成cheng了le城cheng市shi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye發fa展zhan曲qu線xian2.0。該曲線將城市先進製造業的發展階段劃分為躍升期、擴張期、發展期和起步期四個階段,不同階段的城市展現出獨特的發展特征,並在城市間形成了各異的協同關係模式,具體可分為鏈帶式、單星式和軸輻式三種主要模式。

圖1 城市先進製造業發展演進曲線2.0
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
(一)鏈帶式:多處於城市先進製造業發展演進曲線的擴張期,均衡發展特色明顯
模式特征:liandaishimoshitongchanghangaiduogediliweizhixianglinhuojiejindechengshi,gegechengshijunyongyoujiaoweifengfudeshengchanyaosu,zhexiechengshizhijianjiaotongjichusheshiwanshan,jingjilianxijinmi,tongguojiankangdejingzheng、緊密的合作和有效的協同,建立起相互依賴、xianghucujindejinmiguanxi。zhezhongguanxibujintishenglezhenggequyuxianjinzhizaoyedejingzhenglihexiaolv,erqiecujinleliandaishimoshizhongdexianjinzhizaoyechengshijunhengfazhan。

圖2 鏈帶式模式
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
(二)單星式:多處於城市先進製造業發展演進曲線的擴張期及發展期,區域帶動能力亟待挖掘
模式特征:單星式模式特指那些原材料資源豐富、科技創新資源充裕、人(ren)才(cai)與(yu)資(zi)本(ben)等(deng)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)豐(feng)沛(pei)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)。這(zhe)類(lei)城(cheng)市(shi)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)自(zi)身(shen)發(fa)展(zhan)勢(shi)頭(tou)良(liang)好(hao),但(dan)在(zai)與(yu)周(zhou)邊(bian)城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)聯(lian)動(dong)和(he)區(qu)域(yu)帶(dai)動(dong)能(neng)力(li)方(fang)麵(mian)表(biao)現(xian)較(jiao)弱(ruo),未(wei)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)為(wei)核(he)心(xin),帶(dai)動(dong)大(da)中(zhong)小(xiao)城(cheng)市(shi)協(xie)同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)。這(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi),盡(jin)管(guan)在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)方(fang)麵(mian)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)色(se),但(dan)在(zai)區(qu)域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)集(ji)群(qun)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)麵(mian),仍(reng)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)提(ti)升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian)。

圖3 單星式模式
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
(三)軸輻式:分布於城市先進製造業發展演進曲線的各時期,集聚效應顯著
模式特征:軸zhou輻fu式shi模mo式shi包bao括kuo涵han蓋gai了le兩liang類lei城cheng市shi及ji兩liang種zhong細xi分fen模mo式shi。兩liang類lei城cheng市shi即ji樞shu紐niu中zhong心xin城cheng市shi和he受shou輻fu射she的de周zhou邊bian城cheng市shi。兩liang種zhong細xi分fen模mo式shi為wei單dan樞shu紐niu和he雙shuang樞shu紐niu軸zhou輻fu式shi,在zai單dan樞shu紐niu軸zhou輻fu式shi中zhong,存cun在zai一yi個ge核he心xin樞shu紐niu中zhong心xin城cheng市shi,與yu受shou輻fu射she的de其qi他ta城cheng市shi聯lian係xi緊jin密mi;在雙樞紐軸輻式中,存在兩個樞紐中心城市,這兩個城市之間人流、物流、資金流往來頻繁,周邊城市通常與其中一個樞紐中心城市保持較為緊密的聯係。
在(zai)軸(zhou)輻(fu)式(shi)模(mo)式(shi)中(zhong),樞(shu)紐(niu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)市(shi)通(tong)過(guo)其(qi)強(qiang)勁(jin)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)實(shi)力(li)和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)潛(qian)力(li),吸(xi)引(yin)周(zhou)邊(bian)城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su),這(zhe)種(zhong)要(yao)素(su)稟(bing)賦(fu)的(de)差(cha)異(yi)將(jiang)促(cu)使(shi)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)樞(shu)紐(niu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)市(shi)集(ji)聚(ju)。但(dan)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),樞(shu)紐(niu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)市(shi)所(suo)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)集(ji)聚(ju)經(jing)濟(ji)規(gui)模(mo)是(shi)有(you)限(xian)的(de),當(dang)超(chao)過(guo)這(zhe)一(yi)限(xian)度(du),城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)成(cheng)本(ben)隨(sui)之(zhi)上(shang)升(sheng),企(qi)業(ye)利(li)潤(run)下(xia)降(jiang)。在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),樞(shu)紐(niu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)會(hui)逐(zhu)步(bu)向(xiang)外(wai)遷(qian)移(yi),生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)會(hui)向(xiang)周(zhou)邊(bian)城(cheng)市(shi)擴(kuo)散(san),以(yi)尋(xun)求(qiu)更(geng)廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)空(kong)間(jian)和(he)更(geng)高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)。

圖4 軸輻式模式
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
二、新時期:先進製造業發展趨勢洞見
(一)從實體到數字,開啟數實融合新紀元
xianjinzhizaoyezhengjinglizhecongchuantongdeshitizhizaomoshixiangquanmianshuzihuanaizhizhinenghuazhuanxingdeshenkebiange。zheyijinchengzhong,shitizhizaozengyikaoshougongcaozuohejixieshengchanzhichengqipangdadegongyetixi。suizhexinxijishudefeisufazhan,xianjinzhizaoyezhubumairushuzihuashidai,tongguojichengjisuanjifuzhusheji、製zhi造zao與yu管guan理li係xi統tong,實shi現xian了le生sheng產chan流liu程cheng的de高gao效xiao協xie同tong與yu數shu據ju驅qu動dong的de優you化hua決jue策ce。如ru今jin,人ren工gong智zhi能neng技ji術shu的de廣guang泛fan應ying用yong為wei先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye插cha上shang了le智zhi慧hui的de翅chi膀pang,從cong智zhi能neng工gong廠chang、yucexingweihudaozishiyingshengchan,rengongzhinengbujindafutishengleshengchanxiaolvyulinghuoxing,haicujinlechanpinzhiliangdefeiyueyugexinghuadingzhidepuji,yinlingxianjinzhizaoyemaixianggengjiagaoxiao、綠色與可持續的未來。

(二)從要素到標準,聚焦大國競爭新戰場
在zai技ji術shu日ri新xin月yue異yi與yu全quan球qiu供gong應ying鏈lian經jing曆li深shen刻ke重zhong構gou的de背bei景jing下xia,先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye的de競jing爭zheng焦jiao點dian已yi經jing顯xian著zhu地di從cong生sheng產chan要yao素su和he成cheng本ben的de傳chuan統tong較jiao量liang,升sheng華hua到dao了le技ji術shu標biao準zhun和he規gui則ze製zhi定ding權quan的de高gao層ceng次ci競jing爭zheng。這zhe一yi轉zhuan變bian要yao求qiu各ge國guo不bu僅jin要yao在zai技ji術shu創chuang新xin上shang持chi續xu突tu破po,更geng要yao積ji極ji參can與yu國guo際ji標biao準zhun的de製zhi定ding過guo程cheng,在zai全quan球qiu市shi場chang中zhong獲huo得de主zhu導dao權quan和he話hua語yu權quan,增zeng強qiang全quan球qiu影ying響xiang力li。通tong過guo掌zhang握wo技ji術shu標biao準zhun,企qi業ye不bu僅jin能neng有you效xiao規gui避bi貿mao易yi壁bi壘lei,還hai能neng促cu進jin產chan業ye鏈lian上shang下xia遊you的de深shen度du融rong合he,加jia速su產chan業ye升sheng級ji,為wei先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye的de高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan奠dian定ding堅jian實shi基ji礎chu。

(三)從增長到韌性,邁向經濟增長新周期
在zai全quan球qiu化hua和he不bu確que定ding性xing日ri益yi加jia劇ju的de背bei景jing下xia,先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye的de發fa展zhan策ce略lve已yi悄qiao然ran轉zhuan變bian,從cong單dan純chun追zhui求qiu經jing濟ji增zeng長chang,轉zhuan向xiang更geng加jia注zhu重zhong經jing濟ji的de可ke持chi續xu性xing和he韌ren性xing。麵mian對dui複fu雜za多duo變bian的de國guo際ji市shi場chang環huan境jing,先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian的de靈ling活huo性xing和he抵di禦yu風feng險xian能neng力li成cheng為wei了le先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye穩wen定ding發fa展zhan的de關guan鍵jian所suo在zai。為wei了le實shi現xian可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan,先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye正zheng積ji極ji推tui動dong綠lv色se生sheng產chan,優you化hua資zi源yuan配pei置zhi,同tong時shi,加jia強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian上shang下xia遊you的de協xie同tong合he作zuo,構gou建jian多duo元yuan化hua、韌性強的供應鏈體係以應對市場波動和外部風險。
三、新要求:城市先進製造業發展建議
(一)把握創新融合,搶占機會窗口
yichuangxinweiyinqing,jifaxianjinzhizaoyexindongneng。yishiqianghuachanyelianxietong,lianjiequanqiugaoduanchuangxinziyuanyushengchanyaosu,goujianyiqiyeweichuangxinzhutidexietongchuangxinwangluo,xingchengchanyechuangxinshengtaiwangluo。ershijifarencaichuangxinhuoli,tansuojianlikuaxingye、kuadiqudejinengpeixunyurencaijiaoliuhezuochangxiaojizhi,jiakuairencaidepeiyangyuliudong,weizhizaoyedechuangxinfazhantigongqiangdaderenlizhichi。sanshigaozhiliangjianshechuangxinpingtai,wanshansheng、shijichuangxinwangluotixi,jiasukejichengguodeshifanyingyongheluodizhuanhua。yirongheweidongli,suzaoxianjinzhizaoyexinmoshi。yishituidongxinyidaixinxijishuyuzhizaoyeronghe,jinjinbawoxinyidaixinxijishudexunmengfazhanjiyu,shunyingshuzijishutongzhizao、能源、材(cai)料(liao)等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)加(jia)速(su)交(jiao)叉(cha)融(rong)合(he)趨(qu)勢(shi),大(da)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao),培(pei)育(yu)壯(zhuang)大(da)智(zhi)能(neng)服(fu)務(wu)新(xin)模(mo)式(shi)新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)。二(er)是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)和(he)現(xian)代(dai)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)深(shen)度(du)融(rong)合(he),促(cu)進(jin)現(xian)代(dai)物(wu)流(liu)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)高(gao)效(xiao)融(rong)合(he),強(qiang)化(hua)研(yan)發(fa)設(she)計(ji)服(fu)務(wu)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)有(you)機(ji)融(rong)合(he),推(tui)進(jin)消(xiao)費(fei)服(fu)務(wu)重(zhong)點(dian)領(ling)域(yu)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)融(rong)合(he)。
(二)依托品牌質量,實現路徑突破
以質量為根本,煥發先進製造業新生機。一是推動產品創新,鼓勵企業應用先進適用技術、加(jia)強(qiang)設(she)備(bei)更(geng)新(xin),提(ti)升(sheng)對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)響(xiang)應(ying)速(su)度(du),並(bing)推(tui)動(dong)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)。二(er)是(shi)持(chi)續(xu)質(zhi)量(liang)優(you)化(hua),建(jian)設(she)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao)示(shi)範(fan)工(gong)廠(chang),完(wan)善(shan)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao)標(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)係(xi),提(ti)升(sheng)“中國製造”的品質。三是提升品牌價值,提高產品的市場認可度和消費者忠誠度,塑造強有力的“中國品牌”。yiyouhuaweilujing,goujianxianjinzhizaoyexintixi。yishituidongchuantongchanyegaizaoshengji,youhuachanyejiegou,tishengyouzhichanpindegonggeinengli。ershijiakuaibujuzhanlvexingxinxingchanye,qianghuaguanjianhexinjishudechuangxinyingyong,tuidongzhanlvexingxinxingchanyeronghehua、集群化、生態化發展。三是積極謀劃未來產業,培育新產業和新賽道,加強技術攻關和成果轉化,豐富完善應用場景。
(三)堅持綠色發展,跨越增長瓶頸
以低碳為基礎,打造先進製造業新動力。一是構建清潔能源供應體係,結合城市先天優勢,因地製宜發展風、光、氫、儲、地熱、shengwuzhinengdengqingjienengyuangongyingshouduan。ershijiadaditanjishudeyingyonghetuiguang,jujiaolvseditankejichuangxinqianyan,tongguoshishilvseditanxianjinjishushifangongcheng,jiakuaikejichengguozhuanhuahechanyehuatuiguang。sanshijianchiyouxiaoshichangheyouweizhengfuxiangjiehe,qianghuazhengceyindao,wanshanjilijizhi,zongheyunyongcaizheng、金(jin)融(rong)等(deng)方(fang)式(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)產(chan)業(ye)低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)。以(yi)綠(lv)色(se)為(wei)引(yin)領(ling),開(kai)創(chuang)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)新(xin)局(ju)麵(mian)。一(yi)是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)新(xin)業(ye)態(tai),鼓(gu)勵(li)企(qi)業(ye)采(cai)用(yong)先(xian)進(jin)適(shi)用(yong)技(ji)術(shu),加(jia)強(qiang)設(she)備(bei)更(geng)新(xin),以(yi)此(ci)降(jiang)低(di)資(zi)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao),保(bao)護(hu)環(huan)境(jing),實(shi)現(xian)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)雙(shuang)贏(ying)。二(er)是(shi)培(pei)育(yu)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)動(dong)能(neng),建(jian)設(she)綠(lv)色(se)工(gong)廠(chang),開(kai)展(zhan)綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)產(chan),不(bu)僅(jin)實(shi)現(xian)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan),也(ye)為(wei)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)推(tui)進(jin)注(zhu)入(ru)新(xin)動(dong)力(li)。三(san)是(shi)構(gou)建(jian)資(zi)源(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)友(you)好(hao)型(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)體(ti)係(xi),通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)施(shi)工(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)行(xing)動(dong),促(cu)進(jin)工(gong)業(ye)文(wen)明(ming)與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)的(de)和(he)諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)。