在zai國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji蔓man延yan，世shi界jie經jing濟ji形xing勢shi複fu雜za多duo變bian的de環huan境jing下xia
，各ge國guo正zheng致zhi力li於yu通tong過guo調tiao整zheng產chan業ye結jie構gou
，應ying對dui金jin融rong危wei機ji的de挑tiao戰zhan，恢hui複fu經jing濟ji增zeng長chang的de動dong力li。與yu此ci同tong時shi，中zhong國guo也ye正zheng通tong過guo積ji極ji的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin優you化hua產chan業ye結jie構gou與yu布bu局ju
，擺bai脫tuo金jin融rong危wei機ji的de束shu縛fu
，保bao持chi經jing濟ji持chi續xu、健康和快速發展。2009年nian中zhong央yang經jing濟ji工gong作zuo會hui議yi特te別bie指zhi出chu要yao從cong製zhi度du安an排pai入ru手shou，因yin勢shi利li導dao引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye有you序xu地di向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi，亦yi是shi讓rang我wo們men充chong分fen利li用yong金jin融rong危wei機ji引yin致zhi的de全quan球qiu產chan業ye結jie構gou調tiao整zheng和he國guo際ji分fen工gong重zhong組zu的de曆li史shi契qi機ji，吸xi引yin科ke技ji含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi高gao的de現xian代dai先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi，推tui動dong我wo國guo產chan業ye結jie構gou的de優you化hua與yu升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu

　　國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)爆(bao)發(fa)導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)衰(shuai)退(tui)
，促(cu)使(shi)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)設(she)計(ji)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)調(tiao)整(zheng)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)
，以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)應(ying)對(dui)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)手(shou)段(duan)，這(zhe)使(shi)得(de)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)引(yin)導(dao)和(he)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)一(yi)次(ci)難(nan)得(de)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)。

　　一方麵，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看
，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展，資本
、技(ji)術(shu)和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)等(deng)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)全(quan)球(qiu)流(liu)動(dong)與(yu)組(zu)合(he)配(pei)置(zhi)
，催(cui)促(cu)著(zhe)一(yi)國(guo)或(huo)地(di)區(qu)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)向(xiang)具(ju)有(you)比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)地(di)區(qu)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，但(dan)是(shi)，由(you)於(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)比(bi)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)科(ke)技(ji)力(li)量(liang)，使(shi)得(de)它(ta)們(men)在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)分(fen)工(gong)體(ti)係(xi)和(he)利(li)益(yi)分(fen)配(pei)格(ge)局(ju)中(zhong)占(zhan)據(ju)主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)。他(ta)們(men)將(jiang)資(zi)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)汙(wu)染(ran)水(shui)平(ping)高(gao)、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi，yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie，yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner，youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye，guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie，daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng，yiner，jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou，birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong，jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi，youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。

　　lingyifangmian，jinrongweijiweizhongguoyindaoguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaolezhuguandelishijiyu。gaigekaifangsanshiduoniandelishijingyanbiaoming，zhongguochenggongdezhiduzhuanxingyouxiaodicujinlejingjijiegoudeyouhuahejingjizengchangfangshidezhuanbian
，chanshengle“經濟增長奇跡”，極ji大da地di縮suo小xiao了le與yu發fa達da國guo家jia的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan差cha距ju。即ji使shi國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji席xi卷juan全quan球qiu
，致zhi使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo經jing濟ji下xia滑hua
，中zhong國guo雖sui然ran也ye無wu一yi例li外wai地di不bu能neng幸xing免mian，然ran而er，正zheng當dang世shi界jie各ge國guo致zhi力li於yu尋xun找zhao金jin融rong危wei機ji的de應ying對dui之zhi策ce時shi，中zhong國guo憑ping借jie對dui外wai開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian所suo積ji累lei的de物wu質zhi基ji礎chu和he及ji時shi有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai，率lv先xian走zou出chu了le金jin融rong危wei機ji的de陰yin霾mai，使shi得de發fa達da國guo家jia的de跨kua國guo公gong司si在zai麵mian臨lin本ben土tu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying環huan境jing惡e化hua時shi
，重zhong新xin審shen視shi中zhong國guo的de生sheng產chan成cheng本ben和he交jiao易yi成cheng本ben優you勢shi所suo帶dai來lai的de生sheng產chan和he經jing營ying環huan境jing的de改gai善shan。此ci時shi，中zhong國guo有you可ke能neng依yi靠kao製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing所suo累lei積ji的de經jing驗yan

，進jin一yi步bu調tiao整zheng政zheng策ce和he創chuang新xin製zhi度du

，創chuang造zao產chan業ye升sheng級ji的de新xin環huan境jing，主zhu動dong引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi，並bing在zai本ben國guo培pei育yu完wan整zheng的de產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian，優you化hua產chan業ye的de空kong間jian布bu局ju，推tui動dong產chan業ye結jie構gou升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin

　　zhongguozuoweizhengchuyugongyehuajinchengzhongdeshijieshangzuidadefazhanzhongguojia

，yaoqiaojiejinrongweijidelishijiyu，jiakuaixiandaigongyehuajincheng，shixiandaguodejingjiganchao，biranxuyaotongguozhiduchuangxinyindaoguojixianjinchanyehechanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyilaishixian。weici
，womenyouzhenduixingditichuyindaoguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyidezhengcetiaozhenghezhiduchuangxin：

　　diyi
，tigaotouzizhengcedechayihuachengdu，pochuwuxingdetouzizhengcebilei。weilechengjieguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyi，duibutongdiquchengjiebutongchanyehuoshengchanhuanjiedetouzizhengceyingjinkenengchabieduidai，bingzengqiangtouzizhengcedetoumingdu，xiaochuzhengcexingqishi。yifangmian，youyuzhongguogediquziyuanbingfu、技ji術shu水shui平ping和he經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping存cun在zai差cha異yi
，國guo家jia在zai製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce時shi，應ying考kao慮lv給gei予yu各ge地di區qu一yi定ding的de自zi主zhu性xing，采cai取qu國guo家jia製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce指zhi導dao原yuan則ze

，各ge地di區qu依yi據ju此ci原yuan則ze結jie合he自zi身shen的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping，差cha異yi化hua地di製zhi定ding鼓gu勵li、xianzhihejinzhiwaishangtouzichanyedezhengce。lingyifangmian，difangzhengfuzhuguanbumenyingjiakuaiqingliyujiangditouzibileihetouzizhengcetoumingduyuanzebuxiangshiyingdezhengceguizhang
，bingzhubufeichuyixieyucujintouziziyouhuadeguojiguizexiangchongtudefalvfagui，qiejinyibuwanshancujinbutongdiqugeleichanyetouzixiangshiyingdeziyouhuaguize，tongshi，haiyingjiaqiangtouziziyouhuazhengcededuiwaixuanchuan
，jishiduiwaigongbuguli、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　dier，tiaozhengshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi，zengqiangshuishouzhengcedexiangduiyouxiaoxing。shuishouzhengcefanyinglezhengfuduiqiyeyugerenshouyidezhengshuishuiping，yinci，shuishouzhengceyizhishizuoweishijiegeguoyindaochanyezibenliuxiangdezhongyaoshouduan。weiletigaoguojixianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjiedezhuanyixiaolv，yingyijudiqutezhenghechanyedetexing
，caiquduoyanghuadeshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。yifangmian
，yingshishidiyijudiquhechanyezhengcedexuyao，xietiaocaiyonggezhongshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。youyujianjieshuishouyouhuifangshinengduitouzizhouqichang
、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此，應逐步采取以加速折舊、虧kui損sun彌mi補bu等deng間jian接jie稅shui收shou優you惠hui方fang式shi為wei主zhu，促cu進jin資zi本ben和he技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing產chan業ye投tou資zi。另ling一yi方fang麵mian，政zheng府fu應ying依yi據ju地di域yu特te征zheng和he產chan業ye特te性xing製zhi定ding細xi化hua的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce，並bing在zai地di區qu之zhi間jian、xingyezhijianheshengchanhuanjiezhijiantixianshuishouzhengceyouhuidexiangduiyouxiaoxing。duiyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyehuoshengchanhuanjie，kefuyuxiangduiyuqitachanyehuoshengchanhuanjiegengweiyouhoudeshuishouyouhui

，tongshi
，weileguliluohoudiquxiyinchanyezhuanyi
，keshidanghuodexiangduiyujingjifadadiqueryangengweiyouhoudeshuishouzhengce，yitigaoshuishouyouhuizhengcezaijingjiluohoudiqudexiangduiyouxiaoxing。

　　第三，創新商業交易製度，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、變bian更geng與yu退tui出chu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying活huo動dong的de授shou權quan與yu彙hui報bao程cheng序xu。首shou先xian，可ke以yi嚐chang試shi由you中zhong央yang部bu委wei出chu台tai各ge地di區qu審shen批pi外wai資zi企qi業ye的de原yuan則ze，並bing在zai各ge個ge級ji別bie的de行xing政zheng區qu劃hua單dan位wei設she立li審shen批pi機ji關guan且qie給gei予yu他ta們men與yu地di區qu經jing濟ji發fa展zhan規gui模mo相xiang應ying的de審shen批pi權quan限xian，且qie以yi法fa律lv形xing式shi加jia以yi固gu定ding。在zai國guo家jia對dui外wai商shang設she立li企qi業ye規gui定ding審shen批pi原yuan則ze的de條tiao件jian下xia，為wei了le鼓gu勵li直zhi轄xia市shi和he經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu承cheng接jie國guo外wai先xian進jin產chan業ye的de轉zhuan移yi
，中zhong央yang可ke適shi當dang給gei予yu地di區qu政zheng府fu對dui於yu現xian代dai先xian進jin產chan業ye較jiao高gao的de審shen批pi權quan限xian。其qi次ci
，盡jin可ke能neng簡jian化hua外wai商shang投tou資zi申shen請qing設she立li現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye的de審shen批pi手shou續xu
，增zeng強qiang審shen批pi的de透tou明ming度du和he提ti高gao審shen批pi效xiao率lv。審shen批pi機ji關guan可ke適shi當dang簡jian化hua外wai資zi的de審shen批pi和he聯lian合he年nian檢jian手shou續xu，實shi行xing“一站式”服務，且在經營期內
，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押

、轉讓
，以及政府商務

、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi)，應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)
，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu)，減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci)，改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”banfa，duiyuwaishangzaibenguotouzixiandaixianjinqiye

，caiyongleisiyuneiziqiyedezhongzhijingyingdebanfa，kexianyouqiyepinyongqingsuanjigouchujujuyoufalvxiaoyingdeqingsuanbaogao，zaibaoshenpijiguanshenhe，shixianneiwaiziqiyezaishenpishouxushangdengtongduidai。

　　第(di)四(si)，健(jian)全(quan)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)，降(jiang)低(di)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)中(zhong)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing)。為(wei)了(le)有(you)效(xiao)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)序(xu)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，我(wo)們(men)既(ji)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)度(du)，又(you)要(yao)努(nu)力(li)提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)水(shui)平(ping)。對(dui)於(yu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)，一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，應(ying)努(nu)力(li)完(wan)善(shan)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)律(lv)，逐(zhu)步(bu)覆(fu)蓋(gai)當(dang)前(qian)法(fa)律(lv)條(tiao)文(wen)所(suo)不(bu)能(neng)含(han)蓋(gai)的(de)盲(mang)區(qu)，並(bing)依(yi)據(ju)行(xing)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)對(dui)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)敏(min)感(gan)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)同(tong)，適(shi)時(shi)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)規(gui);lingyifangmian，yingzengqiangzhishichanquandezhifalidu

，jiadaduiqinfanzhishichanquandechengfalidu，tigaozhishichanquanqinquandechengben。duiyurenlizibenchanquanbaohu，shouxianyingshishidixiudingyuwanshan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調；qici，tongguojiadaxiangguanfalvfaguidezhixingliduhetuokuanfugaimian，quebaorenlizibenjiaoyishuangfangzaipingdenghulideqiantixia，wanshanrenlizibenchanquandejiaoyichengxu，jianshaorenlizibenjiaoyidebuquedingxing;再(zai)次(ci)，大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)建(jian)立(li)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)製(zhi)度(du)，擴(kuo)大(da)資(zi)本(ben)信(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)流(liu)渠(qu)道(dao)，提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)信(xin)息(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)水(shui)平(ping)
，降(jiang)低(di)企(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)取(qu)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)成(cheng)本(ben)

，發(fa)揮(hui)反(fan)映(ying)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)，保(bao)障(zhang)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)，防(fang)止(zhi)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為
，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學、湖南大學）