http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-10 23:37:34 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、zhichengli。mianduixinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangedelishixingjiyu,weiyoulaolaobawoxinzhishengchanlizheyiguanjianbianliang,cainengconggenbenshangzengqiangwoguojingjifazhandeneishengdongli,zairiqujiliedequanqiujingzhengzhongzhongsuyoushi、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
kejichuangxinjuedingzhexinzhishengchanlidefazhangaodu,yeyingxiangzhezhongguojingjiweilaizaiquanqiujingzhenggejuzhongdezhanlveweishi。jinguanwoguoyixieguanjianlingyuhexinjishushouzhiyurendejumianhaimeiyouconggenbenshangdedaogaibian,danzhexiejidaitupodekadiandudian,zhengshiwomenweilaifalidezhugongfangxiang,qibeihouyunzangzhegouzhuguojiajingzhengxinyoushidejudaqianlihezhanlvekongjian。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、gaozhiliangtezheng。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,youliyushixiangaoshuipingkejiziliziqiang,zengqiangjingjijingzhengli。zhejiuyaoqiumiaozhunkejiqianyan,quanligongjianguanjianhexinjishu,yitupoxingchengguocuishengxindongneng。jianchiyitituijinjiaoyukejirencaifazhan,cujinkejichuangxinyuchanyechuangxinshenduronghe,tishengguojiachuangxintixizhengtixiaoneng,zengqiangzizhuchuangxinnengli,qiangzhanweilaikejizhigaodian。tongshi,fahuikejichuangxindeyinlingzuoyong,quanmianshishi“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、tizhixingjizhouqixingwentijiaozhidetiaozhan,hexinwentizaiyukejichuangxinnenglibuzu,duijingjishehuifazhandezhichengzuoyongweinengchongfenxianxian,gaozhiliangkejigonggeirengxianqianque。xinzhishengchanlizaizaiticengmian,gengduotixianzaigaozhiliang、高效能、gaojiazhidexinchanyeshang。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,nenggouyikejichuangxinyinlinggaozhiliangfazhan,zengqiangjingjichuangxinli。zhejiuyaoshenrushishichuangxinqudongfazhanzhanlve,cujinchuangxinlianhechanyeliandewufengduijie,tongguoqianglianbulianyanliantishengchanyetixizhengtixiaoneng。tongguokejichuangxinyouhuatishengchuantongchanye、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,既(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan),也(ye)潛(qian)藏(zang)風(feng)險(xian),需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)安(an)全(quan)之(zhi)間(jian)找(zhao)到(dao)平(ping)衡(heng)點(dian),護(hu)航(hang)因(yin)地(di)製(zhi)宜(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)。為(wei)此(ci),需(xu)加(jia)快(kuai)完(wan)善(shan)國(guo)家(jia)創(chuang)新(xin)體(ti)係(xi),突(tu)破(po)關(guan)鍵(jian)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)瓶(ping)頸(jing),增(zeng)強(qiang)自(zi)主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li),有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)外(wai)部(bu)依(yi)賴(lai),提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)韌(ren)性(xing)。加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)科(ke)技(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、shehuifengxianyulunlitiaozhanjinxingxitongpingguyuyuanjianshe,goujiankejianquanfengxianjianceyujingheyingduitixi,jiaqiangkejijichutiaojianzizhubaozhang。tongshi,jijicanyuquanqiukejizhili,hongyangkejixiangshanlinian,rangkejifazhanzaofugeguohegeguorenmin。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、全(quan)而(er)不(bu)精(jing)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)把(ba)發(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)著(zhe)力(li)點(dian)放(fang)在(zai)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang),加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),構(gou)建(jian)以(yi)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)為(wei)骨(gu)幹(gan)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi),使(shi)之(zhi)更(geng)具(ju)有(you)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、chanyetixiwanbei,xingchengwanzhengqieyourenxingdechanyelian。chuantongchanyezaiwoguochanyefazhanzhongfahuizhezhongyaozuoyong,jishigoujianxiandaihuachanyetixidejishi,yeshijiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanlidezhongyaozhelidian。chuantongchanyebudengyuluohouchanye,yunyongxinjishuduiqijinxinggaizaotisheng,shiyindizhiyifazhanxinzhishengchanlidezhongyaolujing。suizhexinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangeshenrufazhan,chuantongchanyeguangfanyinruxinjishu、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、dinenghaodechuangxinchanpin。zhebiaoming,fazhanxinzhishengchanliyuchuantongchanyezhuanxingshengjimibukefen,fazhanxinzhishengchanlijuebuyiweizhehushishenzhifangqichuantongchanye,eryingzaibaochizhizaoyehelibizhong、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
著(zhe)眼(yan)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing),大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)未(wei)來(lai)產(chan)業(ye)。現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)指(zhi)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)具(ju)備(bei)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li),能(neng)適(shi)應(ying)新(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科(ke)技(ji)革(ge)命(ming)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)變(bian)革(ge)要(yao)求(qiu),產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)符(fu)合(he)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、gaibianjingzhenggejudeguanjianliliang。shijieqiangguoqiangdadejingzhengli,hendachengdushangyuanyuqiduizhanlvexingxinxingchanyeheweilaichanyedeqianzhanbujuyuzhanlvetouru。dangqianwoguojiudeshengchanhanshuzuhefangshiyijingnanyichixu,bixujiasutishengchanyetixidexianjinxing。zhelidazaoxinxingzhizhuchanye,shishichanyechuangxingongcheng,jiakuaixinnengyuan、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、diliudaiyidongtongxindengchengweixindejingjizengchangdian,jianliweilaichanyetouruzengchanghefengxianfendanjizhi,cujinzhongxiaoqiyezhuanjingtexinfazhan,genghaotuidongjingjikechixufazhan。
著zhe眼yan安an全quan性xing,增zeng強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing和he競jing爭zheng力li。產chan業ye體ti係xi的de安an全quan性xing,主zhu要yao表biao現xian為wei產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian安an全quan可ke靠kao,產chan業ye關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu自zi主zhu可ke控kong,各ge產chan業ye有you序xu鏈lian接jie,國guo民min經jing濟ji循xun環huan高gao效xiao暢chang通tong。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao強qiang化hua關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu攻gong關guan,逐zhu步bu擺bai脫tuo外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng應ying對dui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、新xin興xing產chan業ye建jian鏈lian,增zeng強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian韌ren性xing和he安an全quan水shui平ping。優you化hua重zhong大da生sheng產chan力li布bu局ju,發fa揮hui重zhong點dian區qu域yu增zeng長chang極ji作zuo用yong,推tui動dong產chan業ye在zai不bu同tong地di區qu間jian有you序xu轉zhuan移yi,建jian設she國guo家jia戰zhan略lve腹fu地di和he關guan鍵jian產chan業ye備bei份fen,提ti高gao產chan業ye體ti係xi的de抗kang風feng險xian能neng力li。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
dangjinshijie,shichangyichengweizuixiquedeziyuan,erwoguoyongyoudechaodaguimoguoneishichang,zhengshiwomencanyuguojijingzhengdeguanjianyoushi。fazhanxinzhishengchanli,libukaijishudeguangfankuosanyushichangdechixutuozhan,weixinjishuxinchanpintuiguangyingyongtigongfengfudeyingyongchangjingheshichangkongjian。lishijingyanbiaoming,juyouchaodaguimoshichangdeguojiahediquwangwangdouyoujiaoqiangdeguojijingzhengli。raneryeyaokandao,dangqianwoguoshichangtixirengbujianquan,“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、社she會hui信xin用yong等deng市shi場chang經jing濟ji基ji礎chu製zhi度du,建jian設she高gao標biao準zhun市shi場chang體ti係xi。關guan鍵jian要yao著zhe力li破po除chu市shi場chang壁bi壘lei,打da破po地di區qu分fen割ge與yu各ge種zhong形xing式shi的de地di方fang保bao護hu,充chong分fen激ji發fa市shi場chang內nei生sheng動dong力li。通tong過guo建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang,引yin導dao先xian進jin優you質zhi生sheng產chan要yao素su向xiang新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li領ling域yu順shun暢chang彙hui聚ju,實shi現xian跨kua產chan業ye、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、供gong給gei和he需xu求qiu良liang性xing互hu動dong,增zeng強qiang國guo內nei大da循xun環huan內nei生sheng動dong力li和he可ke靠kao性xing。大da力li提ti振zhen消xiao費fei,落luo實shi大da規gui模mo設she備bei更geng新xin和he消xiao費fei品pin以yi舊jiu換huan新xin相xiang關guan政zheng策ce,把ba我wo國guo超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang需xu求qiu和he應ying用yong場chang景jing豐feng富fu的de市shi場chang優you勢shi轉zhuan化hua為wei推tui動dong新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan的de強qiang大da內nei生sheng動dong力li。
市shi場chang分fen割ge與yu地di方fang保bao護hu是shi建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang的de主zhu要yao障zhang礙ai,也ye是shi製zhi約yue新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan和he要yao素su自zi由you流liu動dong的de深shen層ceng次ci瓶ping頸jing。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,要yao求qiu堅jian持chi全quan國guo一yi盤pan棋qi,打da通tong製zhi約yue要yao素su暢chang通tong流liu動dong的de卡ka點dian堵du點dian,實shi現xian資zi源yuan高gao效xiao組zu合he和he協xie同tong創chuang新xin。為wei此ci,要yao堅jian持chi有you效xiao市shi場chang和he有you為wei政zheng府fu相xiang結jie合he,統tong一yi政zheng府fu行xing為wei尺chi度du,自zi覺jiao破po除chu封feng閉bi小xiao市shi場chang、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”jingzheng。tongshi,yingqianghuafazhiyinlingyubaozhangzuoyong,yunyongfalvshouduanguifanshichangjingzheng,qianghuazhidutongyiyujianguanxietiao,jiakuaiqinglifeichufangaiquanguotongyishichanghegongpingjingzhengdegezhongguidinghezuofa,quanmianluoshi“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li以yi技ji術shu創chuang新xin為wei重zhong要yao引yin擎qing,以yi市shi場chang需xu求qiu為wei關guan鍵jian牽qian引yin。加jia快kuai新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan,不bu僅jin能neng滿man足zu消xiao費fei升sheng級ji需xu求qiu,更geng能neng通tong過guo顛dian覆fu性xing技ji術shu和he創chuang新xin產chan品pin創chuang造zao需xu求qiu,推tui動dong供gong需xu雙shuang方fang的de迭die代dai升sheng級ji與yu相xiang互hu促cu進jin,實shi現xian高gao水shui平ping動dong態tai平ping衡heng。要yao發fa揮hui我wo國guo超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang優you勢shi,推tui動dong市shi場chang由you“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、合(he)作(zuo)共(gong)贏(ying)的(de)區(qu)域(yu)協(xie)同(tong)創(chuang)新(xin)格(ge)局(ju)。擴(kuo)大(da)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放(fang),利(li)用(yong)國(guo)內(nei)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)協(xie)同(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)和(he)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)應(ying),打(da)通(tong)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)高(gao)端(duan)要(yao)素(su)市(shi)場(chang),增(zeng)強(qiang)對(dui)全(quan)球(qiu)優(you)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)集(ji)聚(ju)能(neng)力(li),打(da)造(zao)吸(xi)引(yin)國(guo)際(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)要(yao)素(su)的(de)“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”hendachengdujiutixianzailvsefazhanshang。lvshuiqingshanyunhanzhewuqiongdejingjijiazhi,nengyuanyuanbuduanchuangzaozonghexiaoyi,zhichengjingjishehuikechixufazhan。dangqian,jinguanshengtaihuanjingbaohurenwujianju,danshengtaihuanjingyezaichixugaishan,buduanyunyuzhexindejingzhengyoushi。zheyouzhuyutuidongditan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)本(ben)質(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)先(xian)進(jin)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)質(zhi)態(tai),不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)求(qiu)重(zhong)構(gou)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)邏(luo)輯(ji),更(geng)強(qiang)調(tiao)人(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)。堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)綠(lv)色(se)變(bian)革(ge),通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)賦(fu)能(neng)推(tui)動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)轉(zhuan)型(xing)與(yu)高(gao)效(xiao)配(pei)置(zhi),進(jin)而(er)將(jiang)綠(lv)色(se)技(ji)術(shu)、先xian進jin產chan業ye與yu低di碳tan生sheng活huo方fang式shi全quan麵mian融rong入ru生sheng態tai文wen明ming建jian設she,旨zhi在zai突tu破po資zi源yuan環huan境jing約yue束shu,開kai辟pi可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan新xin路lu徑jing。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao全quan麵mian提ti升sheng綠lv色se科ke技ji創chuang新xin能neng力li,組zu織zhi開kai展zhan綠lv色se科ke技ji攻gong關guan,加jia強qiang數shu字zi技ji術shu與yu綠lv色se技ji術shu的de融rong合he,加jia快kuai產chan業ye綠lv色se轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji,打da造zao高gao效xiao生sheng態tai綠lv色se產chan業ye集ji群qun。加jia快kuai構gou建jian綠lv色se低di碳tan循xun環huan發fa展zhan經jing濟ji體ti係xi,壯zhuang大da綠lv色se產chan業ye和he綠lv色se經jing濟ji規gui模mo,顯xian著zhu降jiang低di全quan鏈lian條tiao能neng耗hao物wu耗hao,形xing成cheng科ke技ji含han量liang高gao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
xinzhishengchanliqubieyuchuantongshengchanlideyigezhongyaofangmian,jiushijiangshengtaihuanjingdengyaosunarushengchanhanshu,jiaqianglvsekejichuangxin,tigaoziyuanliyongxiaolv。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,jiuyaolaogushulihejianxinglvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshandelinian,jiandingbuyizoushengtaiyouxian、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)石(shi)。作(zuo)為(wei)綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連(lian)。必(bi)須(xu)堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)總(zong)體(ti)國(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)觀(guan)為(wei)指(zhi)導(dao),從(cong)保(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、穩wen定ding性xing和he持chi續xu性xing。要yao紮zha實shi推tui進jin生sheng態tai保bao護hu修xiu複fu,強qiang化hua監jian管guan效xiao能neng,加jia快kuai建jian設she國guo家jia生sheng態tai安an全quan屏ping障zhang,為wei子zi孫sun後hou代dai留liu下xia山shan清qing水shui秀xiu的de生sheng態tai空kong間jian。持chi續xu推tui進jin汙wu染ran防fang治zhi攻gong堅jian和he生sheng態tai係xi統tong優you化hua,積ji極ji有you效xiao應ying對dui各ge種zhong生sheng態tai環huan境jing風feng險xian挑tiao戰zhan,把ba生sheng態tai環huan境jing風feng險xian納na入ru常chang態tai化hua管guan理li,係xi統tong構gou建jian全quan過guo程cheng、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。