http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-13 15:51:51 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
zaiguojijinrongweijimanyan,shijiejingjixingshifuzaduobiandehuanjingxia,geguozhengzhiliyutongguotiaozhengchanyejiegou,yingduijinrongweijidetiaozhan,huifujingjizengchangdedongli。yucitongshi,zhongguoyezhengtongguojijidezhiduchuangxinyouhuachanyejiegouyubuju,baituojinrongweijideshufu,baochijingjichixu、健康和快速發展。2009nianzhongyangjingjigongzuohuiyitebiezhichuyaocongzhiduanpairushou,yinshilidaoyindaoguojichanyeyouxudixiangbenguozhuanyi,yishirangwomenchongfenliyongjinrongweijiyinzhidequanqiuchanyejiegoutiaozhengheguojifengongzhongzudelishiqiji,xiyinkejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexiandaixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyi,tuidongwoguochanyejiegoudeyouhuayushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidelishijiyu
guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui,cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou,yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan,zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。
一方麵,金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看,雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展,資本、技ji術shu和he勞lao動dong力li等deng生sheng產chan要yao素su在zai市shi場chang機ji製zhi的de作zuo用yong下xia全quan球qiu流liu動dong與yu組zu合he配pei置zhi,催cui促cu著zhe一yi國guo或huo地di區qu內nei部bu的de產chan業ye向xiang具ju有you比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de地di區qu轉zhuan移yi,但dan是shi,由you於yu發fa達da國guo家jia比bi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia表biao現xian出chu較jiao高gao的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping和he較jiao強qiang的de科ke技ji力li量liang,使shi得de它ta們men在zai世shi界jie分fen工gong體ti係xi和he利li益yi分fen配pei格ge局ju中zhong占zhan據ju主zhu導dao地di位wei。他ta們men將jiang資zi源yuan消xiao耗hao和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran水shui平ping高gao、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi,yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie,yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner,youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye,guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie,daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng,yiner,jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou,birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong,jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi,youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。
lingyifangmian,jinrongweijiweizhongguoyindaoguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaolezhuguandelishijiyu。gaigekaifangsanshiduoniandelishijingyanbiaoming,zhongguochenggongdezhiduzhuanxingyouxiaodicujinlejingjijiegoudeyouhuahejingjizengchangfangshidezhuanbian,chanshengle“經濟增長奇跡”,極ji大da地di縮suo小xiao了le與yu發fa達da國guo家jia的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan差cha距ju。即ji使shi國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji席xi卷juan全quan球qiu,致zhi使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo經jing濟ji下xia滑hua,中zhong國guo雖sui然ran也ye無wu一yi例li外wai地di不bu能neng幸xing免mian,然ran而er,正zheng當dang世shi界jie各ge國guo致zhi力li於yu尋xun找zhao金jin融rong危wei機ji的de應ying對dui之zhi策ce時shi,中zhong國guo憑ping借jie對dui外wai開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian所suo積ji累lei的de物wu質zhi基ji礎chu和he及ji時shi有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai,率lv先xian走zou出chu了le金jin融rong危wei機ji的de陰yin霾mai,使shi得de發fa達da國guo家jia的de跨kua國guo公gong司si在zai麵mian臨lin本ben土tu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying環huan境jing惡e化hua時shi,重zhong新xin審shen視shi中zhong國guo的de生sheng產chan成cheng本ben和he交jiao易yi成cheng本ben優you勢shi所suo帶dai來lai的de生sheng產chan和he經jing營ying環huan境jing的de改gai善shan。此ci時shi,中zhong國guo有you可ke能neng依yi靠kao製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing所suo累lei積ji的de經jing驗yan,進jin一yi步bu調tiao整zheng政zheng策ce和he創chuang新xin製zhi度du,創chuang造zao產chan業ye升sheng級ji的de新xin環huan境jing,主zhu動dong引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi,並bing在zai本ben國guo培pei育yu完wan整zheng的de產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian,優you化hua產chan業ye的de空kong間jian布bu局ju,推tui動dong產chan業ye結jie構gou升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin
中zhong國guo作zuo為wei正zheng處chu於yu工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng中zhong的de世shi界jie上shang最zui大da的de發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia,要yao巧qiao借jie金jin融rong危wei機ji的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu,加jia快kuai現xian代dai工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng,實shi現xian大da國guo的de經jing濟ji趕gan超chao,必bi然ran需xu要yao通tong過guo製zhi度du創chuang新xin引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi來lai實shi現xian。為wei此ci,我wo們men有you針zhen對dui性xing地di提ti出chu引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi的de政zheng策ce調tiao整zheng和he製zhi度du創chuang新xin:
diyi,tigaotouzizhengcedechayihuachengdu,pochuwuxingdetouzizhengcebilei。weilechengjieguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyi,duibutongdiquchengjiebutongchanyehuoshengchanhuanjiedetouzizhengceyingjinkenengchabieduidai,bingzengqiangtouzizhengcedetoumingdu,xiaochuzhengcexingqishi。yifangmian,youyuzhongguogediquziyuanbingfu、技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)存(cun)在(zai)差(cha)異(yi),國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)時(shi),應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)給(gei)予(yu)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)性(xing),采(cai)取(qu)國(guo)家(jia)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)指(zhi)導(dao)原(yuan)則(ze),各(ge)地(di)區(qu)依(yi)據(ju)此(ci)原(yuan)則(ze)結(jie)合(he)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping),差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)鼓(gu)勵(li)、限xian製zhi和he禁jin止zhi外wai商shang投tou資zi產chan業ye的de政zheng策ce。另ling一yi方fang麵mian,地di方fang政zheng府fu主zhu管guan部bu門men應ying加jia快kuai清qing理li與yu降jiang低di投tou資zi壁bi壘lei和he投tou資zi政zheng策ce透tou明ming度du原yuan則ze不bu相xiang適shi應ying的de政zheng策ce規gui章zhang,並bing逐zhu步bu廢fei除chu一yi些xie與yu促cu進jin投tou資zi自zi由you化hua的de國guo際ji規gui則ze相xiang衝chong突tu的de法fa律lv法fa規gui,且qie進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan促cu進jin不bu同tong地di區qu各ge類lei產chan業ye投tou資zi相xiang適shi應ying的de自zi由you化hua規gui則ze,同tong時shi,還hai應ying加jia強qiang投tou資zi自zi由you化hua政zheng策ce的de對dui外wai宣xuan傳chuan,及ji時shi對dui外wai公gong布bu鼓gu勵li、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息,並確保這些信息的國際傳播。
第(di)二(er),調(tiao)整(zheng)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi),增(zeng)強(qiang)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)與(yu)個(ge)人(ren)收(shou)益(yi)的(de)征(zheng)稅(shui)水(shui)平(ping),因(yin)此(ci),稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)引(yin)導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)資(zi)本(ben)流(liu)向(xiang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手(shou)段(duan)。為(wei)了(le)提(ti)高(gao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)轉(zhuan)移(yi)效(xiao)率(lv),應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)區(qu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)特(te)性(xing),采(cai)取(qu)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)。一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),應(ying)適(shi)時(shi)地(di)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)區(qu)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)需(xu)要(yao),協(xie)調(tiao)采(cai)用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)。由(you)於(yu)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)能(neng)對(dui)投(tou)資(zi)周(zhou)期(qi)長(chang)、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠,因此,應逐步采取以加速折舊、kuisunmibudengjianjieshuishouyouhuifangshiweizhu,cujinzibenhejishumijixingchanyetouzi。lingyifangmian,zhengfuyingyijudiyutezhenghechanyetexingzhidingxihuadeshuishouyouhuizhengce,bingzaidiquzhijian、行xing業ye之zhi間jian和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie之zhi間jian體ti現xian稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。對dui於yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie,可ke賦fu予yu相xiang對dui於yu其qi他ta產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui,同tong時shi,為wei了le鼓gu勵li落luo後hou地di區qu吸xi引yin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi,可ke適shi當dang獲huo得de相xiang對dui於yu經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu而er言yan更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce,以yi提ti高gao稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce在zai經jing濟ji落luo後hou地di區qu的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。
第三,創新商業交易製度,減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移,中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、biangengyutuichushengchanyujingyinghuodongdeshouquanyuhuibaochengxu。shouxian,keyichangshiyouzhongyangbuweichutaigediqushenpiwaiziqiyedeyuanze,bingzaigegejibiedexingzhengquhuadanweishelishenpijiguanqiegeiyutamenyudiqujingjifazhanguimoxiangyingdeshenpiquanxian,qieyifalvxingshijiayiguding。zaiguojiaduiwaishangsheliqiyeguidingshenpiyuanzedetiaojianxia,weilegulizhixiashihejingjifadadiquchengjieguowaixianjinchanyedezhuanyi,zhongyangkeshidanggeiyudiquzhengfuduiyuxiandaixianjinchanyejiaogaodeshenpiquanxian。qici,jinkenengjianhuawaishangtouzishenqingshelixiandaixianjinqiyedeshenpishouxu,zengqiangshenpidetoumingduhetigaoshenpixiaolv。shenpijiguankeshidangjianhuawaizideshenpihelianhenianjianshouxu,shixing“一站式”服務,且在經營期內,企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本,或是將其
財產權益對外抵押、轉讓,以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi),應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du),盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu),減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci),改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”辦ban法fa,對dui於yu外wai商shang在zai本ben國guo投tou資zi現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye,采cai用yong類lei似si於yu內nei資zi企qi業ye的de終zhong止zhi經jing營ying的de辦ban法fa,可ke先xian由you企qi業ye聘pin用yong清qing算suan機ji構gou出chu具ju具ju有you法fa律lv效xiao應ying的de清qing算suan報bao告gao,再zai報bao審shen批pi機ji關guan審shen核he,實shi現xian內nei外wai資zi企qi業ye在zai審shen批pi手shou續xu上shang等deng同tong對dui待dai。
disi,jianquanchanquanbaohuzhidu,jiangdiqiyeshengchanyujingyingzhongdebuquedingxing。weileyouxiaoyindaoguojixianjinchanyeyouxuxiangbenguozhuanyi,womenjiyaojiadazhishichanquanbaohuzhidudechuangxinlidu,youyaonulitigaorenlizibenchanquandebaohushuiping。duiyuzhishichanquanbaohuzhidudechuangxin,yifangmian,yingnuliwanshanzhishichanquanbaohufalv,zhubufugaidangqianfalvtiaowensuobunenghangaidemangqu,bingyijuxingyehuoshengchanhuanjieduizhishichanquandeminganchengdubutong,shishidizhidingxiangguandezhishichanquanbaohufagui;另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),應(ying)增(zeng)強(qiang)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)執(zhi)法(fa)力(li)度(du),加(jia)大(da)對(dui)侵(qin)犯(fan)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)懲(cheng)罰(fa)力(li)度(du),提(ti)高(gao)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)侵(qin)權(quan)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。對(dui)於(yu)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu),首(shou)先(xian)應(ying)適(shi)時(shi)地(di)修(xiu)訂(ding)與(yu)完(wan)善(shan)《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律,消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則,加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調;其(qi)次(ci),通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)大(da)相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)的(de)執(zhi)行(xing)力(li)度(du)和(he)拓(tuo)寬(kuan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)麵(mian),確(que)保(bao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)交(jiao)易(yi)雙(shuang)方(fang)在(zai)平(ping)等(deng)互(hu)利(li)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia),完(wan)善(shan)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)程(cheng)序(xu),減(jian)少(shao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing);再(zai)次(ci),大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)建(jian)立(li)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)製(zhi)度(du),擴(kuo)大(da)資(zi)本(ben)信(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)流(liu)渠(qu)道(dao),提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)信(xin)息(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)水(shui)平(ping),降(jiang)低(di)企(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)取(qu)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)成(cheng)本(ben),發(fa)揮(hui)反(fan)映(ying)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi),保(bao)障(zhang)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan),防(fang)止(zhi)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為,提高人力資本的利用效率。(作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位:北京大學、湖南大學)