編者語：xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，tigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。benwenjieshaogongkongzhujixunihuajishudetedian

，xiangxijieshaoleruhejiangxunihuajishuyingyongyugongkongji。

   dangjinxunihuajishuyijingshentoudaoshehuiguanjianxingyehexinjisuanyewuzhong，xunihuadechuxiangaibianlechuantongdedanyijisuanjijiagou
，xunihuadegaokeyongxinghekuaisuqianyitexingyouxiaobaozhengleguanjianxitongdejisuanjiyewulianxu
，youxiaojiangdileyoujisuanjiguzhangdaozhideyewuzhongduan，jiangsunshijiangdaozuidi。xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，jiangdiyouyugongkongzhujisunhuaidaozhideyewuzhongduan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並(bing)行(xing)
，允(yun)許(xu)一(yi)個(ge)平(ping)台(tai)同(tong)時(shi)運(yun)行(xing)多(duo)個(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)，並(bing)且(qie)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)相(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)立(li)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)運(yun)行(xing)而(er)互(hu)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)
，從(cong)而(er)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案

，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng
，tongguoteshudezhilingji

，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMMruanjiannenggougaijinchunruanjianjiejuefangan。youyuxunihuayingjianketigongquanxindejiagou，zhichicaozuoxitongzhijiezaishangmianyunxing，congerwuxujinxingerjinzhizhuanhuan，jianshaolexiangguandexingnengkaixiao，jidajianhualeVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing
，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo

，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji
，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming
，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai
，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調(tiao)查(zha)統(tong)計(ji)發(fa)現(xian)

，百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)八(ba)十(shi)以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)事(shi)故(gu)都(dou)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)造(zao)成(cheng)
，影(ying)響(xiang)係(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)磁(ci)幹(gan)擾(rao)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)因(yin)素(su)，如(ru)何(he)保(bao)證(zheng)主(zhu)機(ji)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)成(cheng)為(wei)防(fang)範(fan)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)
，工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)部(bu)署(shu)的(de)是(shi)裸(luo)金(jin)屬(shu)架(jia)構(gou)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)版(ban)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)架(jia)構(gou)，之(zhi)上(shang)再(zai)部(bu)署(shu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)，通(tong)過(guo)翻(fan)譯(yi)對(dui)接(jie)確(que)保(bao)底(di)層(ceng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用
，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等deng眾zhong多duo操cao作zuo係xi統tong，實shi現xian以yi往wang不bu可ke能neng實shi現xian的de多duo宿xiu主zhu架jia構gou，在zai工gong控kong應ying用yong當dang中zhong，可ke以yi滿man足zu多duo種zhong業ye務wu係xi統tong的de需xu要yao。快kuai照zhao功gong能neng在zai虛xu擬ni化hua環huan境jing中zhong支zhi持chi每mei卷juan創chuang建jian多duo個ge快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei
，並bing將jiang這zhe些xie時shi間jian點dian拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei其qi他ta虛xu擬ni機ji。這zhe樣yang用yong戶hu隻zhi需xu創chuang建jian生sheng產chan數shu據ju的de快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei並bing分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo測ce試shi的de虛xu擬ni機ji

，就jiu能neng夠gou創chuang建jian出chu功gong能neng強qiang大da的de測ce試shi環huan境jing了le。一yi旦dan用yong戶hu建jian立li了le虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi環huan境jing

，用yong戶hu就jiu能neng夠gou快kuai速su創chuang建jian虛xu擬ni測ce試shi服fu務wu器qi。測ce試shi人ren員yuan不bu僅jin能neng夠gou在zai幾ji秒miao鍾zhong內nei分fen配pei獲huo得de真zhen實shi的de“實時”數據
，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之
，虛擬機總在被創建
、使shi用yong，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo
，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei
，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji

，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang ，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben
，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。