http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 04:41:20 來源:中國能源報

jinqi,tianranqifadianshebeiweixiuchengbenguogaobeishouyeneireyi。dapolongduan,shixianshebeiguochanhuachengweinengyuanzhuangbeilingyudefazhanqixu。jinnianshangbannian,zhongguozhiliangxiehuifabude2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、成(cheng)套(tao)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)下(xia),配(pei)套(tao)基(ji)礎(chu)件(jian)短(duan)板(ban)效(xiao)應(ying)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)明(ming)顯(xian),關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)依(yi)賴(lai)進(jin)口(kou),國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)集(ji)團(tuan)壟(long)斷(duan),成(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)做(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)大(da)的(de)軟(ruan)肋(lei)。在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang),外(wai)商(shang)總(zong)會(hui)切(qie)中(zhong)要(yao)害(hai)的(de)抬(tai)高(gao)關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)價(jia)格(ge),使(shi)得(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)仍(reng)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)國(guo)外(wai)。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
據ju記ji者zhe了le解jie,目mu前qian與yu國guo外wai設she備bei相xiang比bi,國guo產chan設she備bei的de最zui大da優you勢shi還hai是shi在zai於yu價jia格ge,一yi般ban國guo產chan設she備bei的de價jia格ge僅jin為wei進jin口kou同tong類lei產chan品pin的de二er分fen之zhi一yi或huo三san分fen之zhi一yi,高gao檔dang次ci的de產chan品pin與yu國guo外wai同tong類lei產chan品pin相xiang比bi價jia格ge差cha距ju更geng大da,部bu分fen設she備bei已yi經jing完wan全quan實shi現xian國guo產chan化hua。但dan即ji便bian如ru此ci,國guo內nei的de采cai購gou用yong戶hu卻que仍reng以yi各ge種zhong借jie口kou拒ju絕jue使shi用yong,或huo者zhe人ren為wei設she置zhi各ge種zhong障zhang礙ai,增zeng加jia國guo產chan裝zhuang備bei進jin入ru大da型xing市shi場chang的de門men檻kan。還hai有you一yi些xie使shi用yong單dan位wei在zai采cai購gou設she備bei時shi,盲mang目mu追zhui求qiu使shi用yong國guo外wai先xian進jin的de技ji術shu和he設she備bei,既ji不bu考kao慮lv性xing價jia比bi,也ye不bu考kao慮lv國guo內nei製zhi造zao業ye的de同tong步bu發fa展zhan。一yi項xiang技ji術shu還hai沒mei有you推tui廣guang,又you去qu追zhui求qiu其qi他ta技ji術shu或huo裝zhuang備bei,造zao成cheng同tong類lei裝zhuang備bei的de重zhong複fu引yin進jin。
記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)調(tiao)查(zha)中(zhong),多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)認(ren)同(tong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)采(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)受(shou)歧(qi)視(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)實(shi)。在(zai)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)海(hai)關(guan)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)統(tong)計(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),隨(sui)著(zhe)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao),重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)進(jin)口(kou)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)金(jin)額(e)卻(que)並(bing)未(wei)減(jian)少(shao),反(fan)之(zhi)還(hai)在(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)。
真zhen的de是shi我wo國guo的de裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin不bu能neng滿man足zu經jing濟ji快kuai速su發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao嗎ma?其qi實shi不bu然ran。一yi名ming從cong事shi設she備bei采cai購gou的de業ye內nei人ren士shi告gao訴su記ji者zhe,目mu前qian阻zu礙ai設she備bei國guo產chan化hua發fa展zhan,國guo內nei的de一yi些xie采cai購gou用yong戶hu有you不bu可ke推tui卸xie的de責ze任ren。例li如ru,在zai設she備bei投tou標biao中zhong這zhe些xie用yong戶hu一yi般ban會hui出chu現xian四si種zhong表biao現xian,第di一yi種zhong,業ye主zhu會hui明ming確que表biao示shi,隻zhi用yong進jin口kou設she備bei,國guo產chan設she備bei免mian談tan,國guo內nei廠chang商shang直zhi接jie吃chi閉bi門men羹geng。第di二er種zhong,業ye主zhu在zai標biao書shu中zhong完wan全quan套tao用yong國guo外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu參can數shu。由you於yu國guo內nei外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu標biao準zhun、canshubujinxiangtong,shicanjiazhaotoubiaodeguoneichangjiawusuoshicong,genbenbukenengzhongbiao。disanzhong,yezhudecaigoubiaoshuzhimaigeiguowaichangshang。disizhong,yezhugancuizaibiaoshuzhongzhijiezhidingcaigoumouguogongsidemouzhongchanpin。
yiweishiyouzhuanjiabiaoshi,jinshinianlai,woguodaxingshiyoushebeiyijingzhongfujinkouduotao,jiumuqianwomenzhuangbeizhizaoxingyedeshejihezhizaoshuipinglaishuo,yijingjubeishengchannenglile。danshi,guoneiyixieyonghurengshiyilaoyanguanglaikandaiguochanshebei,yitiguochan,jiuyoumomingdegulv,buyuanshiyongguochanshebei,guojiahualedaliangzijinyinjinjishu,zhizaoqiyexiaohuaxishouhouyekaifalexuduoxinchanpin,danwangwangyinmeiyouyituogongchengerdebudaoyanzheng,huobeiyonghuyimeiyouyunxingyejiweiyouboduotoubiaozige,shiwomenzhizaozhuangbeiqiyemeiyoushijiandejihui。chanpinruguomeiyoushijiandejihui,jishuyejiumeiyoudedaogaijindejihui。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
即(ji)使(shi)國(guo)內(nei)產(chan)品(pin)做(zuo)得(de)不(bu)好(hao)也(ye)要(yao)嚐(chang)試(shi)去(qu)用(yong),發(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti),從(cong)而(er)改(gai)進(jin)。這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian),在(zai)韓(han)國(guo)就(jiu)有(you)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)例(li)子(zi)。其(qi)國(guo)人(ren)的(de)國(guo)貨(huo)情(qing)結(jie)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)每(mei)個(ge)國(guo)人(ren)身(shen)上(shang)。有(you)媒(mei)體(ti)報(bao)道(dao),韓(han)國(guo)明(ming)星(xing)金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)曾(zeng)被(bei)邀(yao)請(qing)到(dao)中(zhong)國(guo)來(lai)參(can)加(jia)商(shang)業(ye)活(huo)動(dong),金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)發(fa)現(xian)車(che)隊(dui)中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)韓(han)國(guo)車(che),就(jiu)拒(ju)絕(jue)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)德(de)國(guo)進(jin)口(kou)車(che)離(li)開(kai)。金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)說(shuo)自(zi)己(ji)是(shi)韓(han)國(guo)人(ren),就(jiu)應(ying)該(gai)坐(zuo)本(ben)國(guo)車(che)。前(qian)蘇(su)聯(lian)也(ye)是(shi)如(ru)此(ci),國(guo)人(ren)普(pu)遍(bian)有(you)濃(nong)厚(hou)的(de)國(guo)貨(huo)情(qing)結(jie)。而(er)事(shi)實(shi)證(zheng)明(ming)裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)品(pin)隻(zhi)有(you)經(jing)過(guo)"用",才能變得越來越好。
中(zhong)國(guo)機(ji)械(xie)工(gong)業(ye)聯(lian)合(he)會(hui)原(yuan)總(zong)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)隋(sui)永(yong)濱(bin)指(zhi)出(chu),振(zhen)興(xing)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)任(ren)重(zhong)道(dao)遠(yuan),是(shi)一(yi)項(xiang)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)部(bu)署(shu)和(he)安(an)排(pai),雖(sui)然(ran)國(guo)家(jia)已(yi)經(jing)出(chu)台(tai)相(xiang)關(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua),但(dan)未(wei)來(lai)5年nian內nei,中zhong國guo重zhong大da裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao行xing業ye如ru果guo不bu能neng打da造zao出chu幾ji個ge大da集ji團tuan,形xing成cheng自zi己ji的de特te色se,在zai關guan鍵jian裝zhuang備bei方fang麵mian實shi現xian國guo產chan化hua,裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye真zhen正zheng意yi義yi的de振zhen興xing仍reng將jiang遙yao遙yao無wu期qi。故gu而er,相xiang關guan企qi業ye應ying該gai時shi刻ke把ba握wo市shi場chang的de脈mai搏bo,樹shu立li集ji團tuan作zuo戰zhan的de意yi識shi;相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
zaijingjiquanqiuhuadejintian,henduokuaguogongsixuanzezaihaiwaitouzijianlishengchanzhizaojidi。muqianhenduowaiziqiyezaihuajianchang。guoneiyonghumaideshiheziqiyedechanpin,suiranzhexiechanpindoushizaiguoneishengchan,danqi80%delingbujianshicongguowaidemuchangjinkoude,zhexiechanpinguochanhuadejishuhanliangjihumeiyou,erzhezhongchanpinzaimuqianshichangzhongyouzhanjuzhexiangdangdadebizhong,wuxingzhongjizhanleguoneizhuangbeizhizaochanpindefazhankongjian。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
對(dui)於(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)而(er)言(yan),希(xi)望(wang)購(gou)買(mai)的(de)設(she)備(bei)質(zhi)量(liang)優(you)良(liang),技(ji)術(shu)先(xian)進(jin),這(zhe)都(dou)無(wu)可(ke)厚(hou)非(fei)。當(dang)然(ran),國(guo)內(nei)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)推(tui)進(jin)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)上(shang)也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)許(xu)多(duo)質(zhi)量(liang)上(shang)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)因(yin)此(ci)否(fou)認(ren)其(qi)取(qu)得(de)的(de)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)成(cheng)績(ji),懷(huai)疑(yi)其(qi)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)水(shui)平(ping),拒(ju)絕(jue)搭(da)建(jian)平(ping)台(tai)、給(gei)予(yu)展(zhan)現(xian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。從(cong)某(mou)種(zhong)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)而(er)言(yan),作(zuo)為(wei)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)上(shang)下(xia)遊(you)關(guan)係(xi),用(yong)戶(hu)和(he)裝(zhuang)備(bei)業(ye)如(ru)同(tong)唇(chun)齒(chi),存(cun)在(zai)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),一(yi)榮(rong)俱(ju)榮(rong),一(yi)損(sun)俱(ju)損(sun)。因(yin)此(ci),若(ruo)想(xiang)做(zuo)強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye),實(shi)現(xian)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)強(qiang)國(guo)之(zhi)夢(meng),加(jia)速(su)推(tui)進(jin)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng),實(shi)現(xian)其(qi)自(zi)主(zhu)化(hua)創(chuang)新(xin),是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。