http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 13:35:15 來源:招商銀行研究 王寶權
受肺炎疫情突發影響,全國各地先後出台延遲複工安排。湖北省放假延至2月13日,北京、上海、重慶、湖南、河南、山東、安徽、廣東、江蘇等地假期延長至2月9日。鍾南山院士判斷本次疫情影響時間短於SARS,我們據此預期延遲複工影響將主要集中於一季度。
本ben次ci疫yi情qing對dui經jing濟ji壓ya力li顯xian而er易yi見jian,對dui有you一yi定ding逆ni周zhou期qi屬shu性xing且qie出chu口kou占zhan比bi不bu高gao的de高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye來lai說shuo影ying響xiang有you限xian,我wo們men認ren為wei,在zai高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao子zi領ling域yu中zhong,逆ni周zhou期qi屬shu性xing較jiao強qiang的de國guo防fang工gong業ye和he軌gui道dao交jiao通tong裝zhuang備bei領ling域yu受shou影ying響xiang較jiao小xiao;作為經濟二階導的自動化裝備行業受影響最大,或成為景氣度回升最慢的高端裝備子領域;工程機械受益於下遊行業的逆周期調節能力,短期受一定衝擊,但全年景氣度無憂。
一、自動化裝備:短期受疫情衝擊最大,長期或提升需求轉化率
我們認為自動化裝備(數控機床、機器人和激光器等)shishoudaociciyiqingyingxiangzuidadegaoduanzhuangbeixifenzilingyu,zhuyaozaiyuzidonghuazhuangbeixingyedejingqiduyuxiayouzhizaoyexuqiujinmixiangguan,youqishiyingyongzhanbizuigaodeqichehe3C領域。
短期來看,本次疫情所造成的複工推遲將大麵積影響到各製造行業的景氣度。此外,湖北、廣東、浙江、河南、江蘇等疫情較為嚴重的省份是我國汽車和3Clingyubijiaojizhonghefadadiqu,jiangjinyibuehuazidonghuazhuangbeiqiyexiayouxuqiu。youyuduoweidingdanshishengchan,zaishoudingdannanyianshiwanchenghuitongxingyexiayouxuqiuehuajianggeixingyeqiyedailaiyidingdexianjinliuyali,youqishizhongxiaoqiye。diejiazidonghuazhuangbeichukoushoudaoxianzhidengyingxiang,womenyujiyijiduzidonghuazhuangbeixiangguanqiyemianlindexianjinliuyalijiaoda,zidonghuazhuangbeixingyezuoweijingjideerjiedao,qixianjinliudeyalikenengyanxudaoerjidu。
長期來看,本次疫情有望促進自動化設備中機器人更多地走進服務場景,尤其是在體感檢測、配送、送餐、消毒殺菌、醫療、手術等場景中,機器人可以有效的替代人員進行作業,減少和降低不必要的風險;同tong時shi對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei投tou入ru較jiao大da的de企qi業ye在zai麵mian此ci類lei問wen題ti時shi受shou到dao的de影ying響xiang則ze相xiang對dui較jiao小xiao,勞lao動dong力li密mi集ji型xing產chan業ye對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei的de投tou入ru的de優you越yue性xing得de以yi體ti現xian,這zhe或huo將jiang帶dai來lai企qi業ye對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua投tou入ru態tai度du上shang的de部bu分fen轉zhuan變bian,自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei的de潛qian在zai需xu求qiu轉zhuan化hua率lv後hou續xu有you望wang上shang一yi台tai階jie。
二、國防工業:受影響最小的高端裝備子行業
國guo防fang工gong業ye仍reng然ran具ju備bei一yi定ding的de計ji劃hua經jing濟ji色se彩cai,由you政zheng府fu主zhu導dao,景jing氣qi度du與yu軍jun費fei規gui模mo高gao度du相xiang關guan,將jiang是shi受shou本ben次ci疫yi情qing影ying響xiang最zui小xiao的de高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao子zi領ling域yu。中zhong國guo正zheng處chu於yu國guo防fang現xian代dai化hua、信息化建設的關鍵時期,存在巨大的裝備換裝與補足需求,軍費已保持多年高速增長。2020年是十三五收官之年,考慮以往五年計劃“前低後高”的規律以及軍改後的訂單恢複性增長,本年度軍費將繼續保持高增速。
從國防工業需求端來看,疫情並不會減少軍費規模與裝備需求;gonggeiduanshengchanjiezoujiangshoudaofugongyanchiyingxiang,youqishiyuancailiaoheyuanqijiandengshangyouhuanjie。canzhaoguofanggongyequanxingyelishijidushengchanshuju,yijidushengchanjinweiquanniande15%左zuo右you,我wo們men認ren為wei疫yi情qing影ying響xiang主zhu要yao集ji中zhong在zai一yi季ji度du,對dui國guo防fang工gong業ye生sheng產chan影ying響xiang有you限xian,即ji使shi一yi季ji度du生sheng產chan任ren務wu相xiang對dui較jiao重zhong的de上shang遊you環huan節jie在zai複fu工gong後hou經jing過guo生sheng產chan節jie奏zou調tiao整zheng亦yi可ke彌mi補bu前qian期qi缺que口kou。
三、軌道交通裝備:短期受複工推遲影響,全年將保持高景氣度
軌道交通裝備市場主要由政府主導,景氣度與全國鐵路投資額高度相關。據2020年全國交通運輸工作會議消息,本年度全國計劃完成鐵路投資8000億元,高於2018年的7320億元,略低於2019年8029億元。軌道交通裝備市場有望保持高景氣度。
目前我國鐵路投資持續6000億(yi)以(yi)上(shang)投(tou)資(zi)約(yue)十(shi)年(nian)左(zuo)右(you),軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)需(xu)求(qiu)仍(reng)由(you)新(xin)增(zeng)需(xu)求(qiu)主(zhu)導(dao)。疫(yi)情(qing)對(dui)全(quan)年(nian)新(xin)開(kai)通(tong)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)裏(li)程(cheng)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)將(jiang)構(gou)成(cheng)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)需(xu)求(qiu)端(duan)重(zhong)要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)因(yin)子(zi)。我(wo)們(men)認(ren)為(wei)若(ruo)疫(yi)情(qing)如(ru)預(yu)期(qi)得(de)到(dao)控(kong)製(zhi),考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)鐵(tie)路(lu)項(xiang)目(mu)逆(ni)周(zhou)期(qi)調(tiao)節(jie)發(fa)力(li),軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)全(quan)年(nian)需(xu)求(qiu)景(jing)氣(qi)度(du)有(you)望(wang)維(wei)持(chi)在(zai)高(gao)位(wei)。從(cong)生(sheng)產(chan)端(duan)看(kan),一(yi)季(ji)度(du)是(shi)軌(gui)交(jiao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)企(qi)業(ye)傳(chuan)統(tong)淡(dan)季(ji),占(zhan)比(bi)不(bu)足(zu)20%,對全年訂單交付能力影響有限,我們對全年訂單交付能力保持樂觀。
四、工程機械:短期下行不可避免,對全年景氣度保持相對樂觀
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