編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)
，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan
，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing
，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong
，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案
，支持虛擬技術的CPU帶(dai)有(you)特(te)別(bie)優(you)化(hua)過(guo)的(de)指(zhi)令(ling)集(ji)來(lai)控(kong)製(zhi)虛(xu)擬(ni)過(guo)程(cheng)
，通(tong)過(guo)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)指(zhi)令(ling)集(ji)
，虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)會(hui)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)提(ti)高(gao)性(xing)能(neng)，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)基(ji)於(yu)芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)

，借(jie)助(zhu)兼(jian)容(rong)VMM軟(ruan)件(jian)能(neng)夠(gou)改(gai)進(jin)純(chun)軟(ruan)件(jian)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。由(you)於(yu)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)硬(ying)件(jian)可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)架(jia)構(gou)，支(zhi)持(chi)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)直(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)上(shang)麵(mian)運(yun)行(xing)，從(cong)而(er)無(wu)需(xu)進(jin)行(xing)二(er)進(jin)製(zhi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)開(kai)銷(xiao)
，極(ji)大(da)簡(jian)化(hua)了(le)VMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotion等deng高gao級ji功gong能neng特te性xing，因yin而er在zai它ta創chuang建jian的de環huan境jing中zhong，遇yu到dao停ting機ji時shi最zui多duo不bu過guo就jiu是shi簡jian單dan的de重zhong新xin啟qi動dong而er已yi。對dui於yu防fang止zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu或huo硬ying件jian發fa生sheng故gu障zhang的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an來lai說shuo，工gong控kong主zhu機jiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用
、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi
，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)是(shi)專(zhuan)門(men)為(wei)工(gong)業(ye)現(xian)場(chang)而(er)設(she)計(ji)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)，工(gong)業(ye)現(xian)場(chang)一(yi)般(ban)具(ju)有(you)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)震(zhen)動(dong)，灰(hui)塵(chen)特(te)別(bie)多(duo)，另(ling)有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)電(dian)磁(ci)場(chang)力(li)幹(gan)擾(rao)等(deng)特(te)點(dian)，且(qie)一(yi)般(ban)工(gong)廠(chang)均(jun)是(shi)連(lian)續(xu)作(zuo)業(ye)即(ji)一(yi)年(nian)中(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)沒(mei)有(you)休(xiu)息(xi)
，在(zai)惡(e)劣(lie)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)效(xiao)能(neng)的(de)不(bu)單(dan)單(dan)是(shi)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)
，對(dui)於(yu)關(guan)鍵(jian)性(xing)業(ye)務(wu)來(lai)講(jiang)確(que)保(bao)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和(he)連(lian)續(xu)性(xing)顯(xian)得(de)格(ge)外(wai)重(zhong)要(yao)，使(shi)用(yong)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)架(jia)構(gou)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)於(yu)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)以(yi)文(wen)件(jian)形(xing)式(shi)存(cun)在(zai)，包(bao)括(kuo)內(nei)存(cun)的(de)鏡(jing)像(xiang)等(deng)
，在(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)災(zai)難(nan)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)可(ke)以(yi)做(zuo)到(dao)零(ling)毫(hao)秒(miao)快(kuai)速(su)無(wu)縫(feng)切(qie)換(huan)

，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)關(guan)鍵(jian)業(ye)務(wu)應(ying)用(yong)場(chang)所(suo)保(bao)障(zhang)了(le)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)連(lian)續(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng
，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行


，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong
，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei
，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing
，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此
，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建
、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong
，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji
，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang 
，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。