編者語：虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing

，提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。本ben文wen介jie紹shao工gong控kong主zhu機ji虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu的de特te點dian
，詳xiang細xi介jie紹shao了le如ru何he將jiang虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu應ying用yong於yu工gong控kong機ji。

   當(dang)今(jin)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)已(yi)經(jing)滲(shen)透(tou)到(dao)社(she)會(hui)關(guan)鍵(jian)行(xing)業(ye)核(he)心(xin)計(ji)算(suan)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)
，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)的(de)出(chu)現(xian)改(gai)變(bian)了(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)單(dan)一(yi)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)架(jia)構(gou)，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)和(he)快(kuai)速(su)遷(qian)移(yi)特(te)性(xing)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)關(guan)鍵(jian)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)業(ye)務(wu)連(lian)續(xu)
，有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)由(you)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)故(gu)障(zhang)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)斷(duan)
，將(jiang)損(sun)失(shi)降(jiang)到(dao)最(zui)低(di)。虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)，降(jiang)低(di)由(you)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)損(sun)壞(huai)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)斷(duan)
，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並bing行xing，允yun許xu一yi個ge平ping台tai同tong時shi運yun行xing多duo個ge操cao作zuo係xi統tong
，並bing且qie應ying用yong程cheng序xu都dou可ke以yi在zai相xiang互hu獨du立li的de空kong間jian內nei運yun行xing而er互hu不bu影ying響xiang，從cong而er顯xian著zhu提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng
，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMMruanjiannenggougaijinchunruanjianjiejuefangan。youyuxunihuayingjianketigongquanxindejiagou
，zhichicaozuoxitongzhijiezaishangmianyunxing，congerwuxujinxingerjinzhizhuanhuan，jianshaolexiangguandexingnengkaixiao
，jidajianhualeVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機
、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotion等deng高gao級ji功gong能neng特te性xing，因yin而er在zai它ta創chuang建jian的de環huan境jing中zhong，遇yu到dao停ting機ji時shi最zui多duo不bu過guo就jiu是shi簡jian單dan的de重zhong新xin啟qi動dong而er已yi。對dui於yu防fang止zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu或huo硬ying件jian發fa生sheng故gu障zhang的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an來lai說shuo
，工gong控kong主zhu機jiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming
，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan
，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調tiao查zha統tong計ji發fa現xian，百bai分fen之zhi八ba十shi以yi上shang工gong控kong機ji事shi故gu都dou是shi由you於yu操cao作zuo係xi統tong不bu穩wen定ding造zao成cheng，影ying響xiang係xi統tong穩wen定ding的de因yin素su有you很hen多duo包bao括kuo電dian磁ci幹gan擾rao等deng間jian接jie因yin素su，如ru何he保bao證zheng主zhu機ji係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding可ke靠kao成cheng為wei防fang範fan的de重zhong點dian
，充chong分fen利li用yong虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke以yi有you效xiao的de保bao證zheng操cao作zuo係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding，工gong控kong機ji當dang中zhong部bu署shu的de是shi裸luo金jin屬shu架jia構gou的de企qi業ye版ban虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou，之zhi上shang再zai部bu署shu操cao作zuo係xi統tong和he控kong製zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu，通tong過guo翻fan譯yi對dui接jie確que保bao底di層ceng應ying用yong的de穩wen定ding性xing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行
，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等deng眾zhong多duo操cao作zuo係xi統tong，實shi現xian以yi往wang不bu可ke能neng實shi現xian的de多duo宿xiu主zhu架jia構gou，在zai工gong控kong應ying用yong當dang中zhong，可ke以yi滿man足zu多duo種zhong業ye務wu係xi統tong的de需xu要yao。快kuai照zhao功gong能neng在zai虛xu擬ni化hua環huan境jing中zhong支zhi持chi每mei卷juan創chuang建jian多duo個ge快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei

，並bing將jiang這zhe些xie時shi間jian點dian拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei其qi他ta虛xu擬ni機ji。這zhe樣yang用yong戶hu隻zhi需xu創chuang建jian生sheng產chan數shu據ju的de快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei並bing分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo測ce試shi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，就jiu能neng夠gou創chuang建jian出chu功gong能neng強qiang大da的de測ce試shi環huan境jing了le。一yi旦dan用yong戶hu建jian立li了le虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi環huan境jing
，用yong戶hu就jiu能neng夠gou快kuai速su創chuang建jian虛xu擬ni測ce試shi服fu務wu器qi。測ce試shi人ren員yuan不bu僅jin能neng夠gou在zai幾ji秒miao鍾zhong內nei分fen配pei獲huo得de真zhen實shi的de“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此
，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo
，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji
，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang
，唯wei一yi需xu要yao安an裝zhuang備bei份fen軟ruan件jian的de虛xu擬ni機ji就jiu是shi備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi了le。在zai處chu理li數shu百bai個ge虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi時shi，這zhe樣yang做zuo有you助zhu於yu大da幅fu降jiang低di備bei份fen許xu可ke證zheng的de成cheng本ben
，通tong過guo快kuai照zhao功gong能neng有you效xiao提ti高gao工gong控kong機ji的de穩wen定ding性xing。