http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 19:39:28 來源:金融時報
剛剛富裕起來的中國人,剛剛經曆了一個不平凡的戊子年春節。
戊子年春節的不平凡,首先來自於發生在中國南方大部省份的雪災。雪災發生之初,並沒有顯現出將來成災的跡象。大雪、dongyuzhishizaijingjingdixia,zhongyuleijichengledamianjidezaihai。zhechangzaihai,yingxiangjihufugailequanbudenanzhongguo。xuezaishouxianyingxiangdaolejiaotongyunshu。gaosugonglufengbile,dianqihuatielubutongle。meiyouleyunshunenglidezhicheng,dianlifadianchangderanmeigaoji,bushaofadianchangbeipotingji;大da雪xue和he凍dong雨yu還hai破po壞huai了le電dian力li輸shu變bian電dian路lu,致zhi使shi災zai區qu大da部bu分fen地di區qu有you電dian力li供gong應ying出chu現xian了le問wen題ti。雪xue災zai還hai嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang到dao了le農nong業ye生sheng產chan,造zao成cheng了le減jian產chan甚shen至zhi絕jue產chan。
戊子年春節,還是我國實行長假製度改革後的第一個春節。由於取消了“五一”長(chang)假(jia),不(bu)少(shao)人(ren)把(ba)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)旅(lv)行(xing)計(ji)劃(hua)提(ti)前(qian)到(dao)了(le)春(chun)節(jie)。這(zhe)些(xie)提(ti)前(qian)旅(lv)行(xing)的(de)人(ren),擁(yong)向(xiang)了(le)各(ge)種(zhong)交(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)具(ju),而(er)由(you)於(yu)雪(xue)災(zai)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),有(you)不(bu)少(shao)人(ren)竟(jing)然(ran)滯(zhi)留(liu)在(zai)了(le)路(lu)上(shang),旅(lv)行(xing)者(zhe)竟(jing)然(ran)變(bian)成(cheng)了(le)等(deng)待(dai)救(jiu)助(zhu)的(de)災(zai)民(min)。
wuzinianchunjie,dangranhaiyaomianduinagechuantongdetiaozhan,najiushimeinianyidudechunyun。duiyuzhongguoshehuigegefangmianlaishuo,chunyunbenlaijiushiyigexiangdangdadeyali,eryouyuxuezaideyingxiang,zheyiyalizhouranjianbeijijufangda。guangzhouhuochezhanzuigaofengdeshihou,zhiliulvkejingduoda50萬人,還有相當多的旅客,滯留在了沿線甚至滯留在了路上。
災難在考驗著中國人的應對能力。黨和國家領導人親臨一線,指揮抗災救災工作;各相關部門和地方政府積極響應中央號召,在交通、電力等各個方麵,采取應對災害的有力措施;shehuigegefangmianyejijixingdongqilai,tourulekangzaijiuzaizhizhong。suizhetianqidehaozhuanhegexiangcuoshixiaoguodexianxian,muqiankangjixuezaidezhanyiyiqudelechubudeshengli,yizhuanruzaihouzhongjianjieduan。
此次雪災所造成的損失是巨大的。民政部的統計表明,雪災已造成1111億元直接的經濟損失,因災死亡107人,失蹤8人。全國假日辦的統計表明,今年春節黃金周接待旅客人數下降了5.2%,旅遊收入下降了6.2%。雖然從長期來看,這次災害對於我國經濟不至於造成不利的影響,但是,透過此次雪災,仍有一些問題值得我們深思。
首先是災害應對機製的建立與健全問題。中國是一個幅原遼闊的大國,地質條件複雜,氣候南北東西差別大、bianhuaduo。zaizheyangyigeguojiali,meinianfashengyixieziranzaihai,shizaipingchangbuguodeshiqing。jinnianlai,woguojingjikuaisufazhan,shehuicaifubuduanzengjia,zheyangdeqingkuangxia,ziranzaihaijiuyoukenengzaochenggengduodesunshi。yinci,jianlijianquanxiangyingdeziranzaihaiyingduijizhi,youxiaojianshaoziranzaihaisuozaochengdesunshi,jiushiyigeshifenbiyaodeshiqing。fanguancicixuezai,jiaotongyunshuchengweilezaihaiqinhaidezhuyaoduixiang,zhuyaodejiuzaiwuzinanyiyundadaozaihaifashengdi,chenglesunshikuodadezhuyaoyuanyin。youdedifangzhengfuguanyuangantan,“洪水來了,我可以調動千軍萬馬來抗洪,但是,雪災破壞了交通運輸能力,真是有力使不上。”qishi,haishiyoubanfade。birushuo,zaiyishouzaihaidediquchubeixiangyingdejiuzaiwuzi,zaidianqihuatielujiangyaozaoshouqinhaideshihou,jishitiaoduneiranjichedengdeng,dounenggoujiejuexuezaidailaidewenti。xianzailaikan,womendezaihaiyingjijizhihaifeichangboruo,duizaihaidefanyingshenduyuguangdujuncunzaizheyidingdewenti。
其qi次ci是shi設she計ji標biao準zhun過guo低di,不bu能neng夠gou抵di禦yu災zai害hai的de侵qin蝕shi。此ci次ci雪xue災zai,造zao成cheng了le京jing廣guang鐵tie路lu南nan段duan電dian力li供gong應ying全quan部bu中zhong斷duan。而er中zhong斷duan的de原yuan因yin,就jiu是shi電dian力li線xian路lu鐵tie塔ta不bu堪kan冰bing雪xue的de重zhong壓ya。其qi實shi,類lei似si的de雪xue災zai,在zai曆li史shi上shang曾zeng經jing發fa生sheng過guo,提ti高gao設she計ji標biao準zhun,雖sui然ran會hui增zeng加jia一yi時shi的de經jing濟ji支zhi出chu,卻que是shi應ying對dui此ci類lei災zai害hai的de最zui為wei經jing濟ji的de辦ban法fa。
第三,此次雪災也暴露出了我國經濟運行在自然災害麵前極為脆弱的一麵。此次雪災造成了1000多億元的直接經濟損失,但是,保險公司所支付的保險賠款才80duoyiyuan,zheshuomingwoguojingjibaoxiandeguangduyushendujuncunzaizheyanzhongdebuzu。dianmeiyunshuchengweilecicikangjixuezaidezhongtouxi,erzaozaixuezaifashengzhiqian,yinweidianmeijiageshangzhangerdianjiabunengshangtiao,yixiefadianqiyeyuanbendedianmeichubeijiubuzu。xuezaizaochengdianmeiyunshukunnanzhihou,yixiefadianqiyeyinweiquemeiertingzhileshengchan。erduiyuzhexietingchandeqiyelaishuo,tingchanbingbuyidingshihuaishi,duofayidudianjiuduoyifenkuisun;多(duo)停(ting)產(chan)一(yi)天(tian)就(jiu)多(duo)減(jian)少(shao)一(yi)天(tian)的(de)損(sun)失(shi)。局(ju)部(bu)利(li)益(yi)與(yu)整(zheng)體(ti)利(li)益(yi)的(de)尖(jian)銳(rui)對(dui)立(li),就(jiu)這(zhe)樣(yang)通(tong)過(guo)雪(xue)災(zai)凸(tu)顯(xian)在(zai)了(le)大(da)家(jia)麵(mian)前(qian)。如(ru)此(ci)脆(cui)弱(ruo)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai),所(suo)蘊(yun)含(han)的(de)風(feng)險(xian),值(zhi)得(de)警(jing)惕(ti)。
第四,集體出遊,集體返鄉及集體外出務工,仍是需要認真麵對的問題。此二類活動,都會導致人員流動的驟然增加、驟(zhou)然(ran)減(jian)少(shao),使(shi)得(de)社(she)會(hui)服(fu)務(wu)設(she)施(shi)周(zhou)期(qi)性(xing)地(di)處(chu)在(zai)過(guo)度(du)利(li)用(yong)與(yu)過(guo)度(du)閑(xian)置(zhi)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang),不(bu)利(li)於(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)平(ping)穩(wen)發(fa)展(zhan),不(bu)利(li)於(yu)建(jian)立(li)節(jie)約(yue)社(she)會(hui)。解(jie)決(jue)這(zhe)類(lei)“老大難”問題,還是需要從體製上入手。
雖然有雪災,我們仍然過了一個祥和、喜(xi)慶(qing)的(de)戊(wu)子(zi)年(nian)春(chun)節(jie)。來(lai)自(zi)商(shang)務(wu)部(bu)的(de)最(zui)新(xin)消(xiao)息(xi)說(shuo),雪(xue)災(zai)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)減(jian)產(chan),影(ying)響(xiang)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)應(ying)。這(zhe)對(dui)於(yu)因(yin)為(wei)供(gong)應(ying)不(bu)足(zu)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)我(wo)國(guo)CPI不(bu)斷(duan)上(shang)漲(zhang)的(de)局(ju)麵(mian)來(lai)說(shuo),無(wu)異(yi)於(yu)雪(xue)上(shang)加(jia)霜(shuang)。災(zai)害(hai)帶(dai)給(gei)了(le)我(wo)們(men)痛(tong)苦(ku),痛(tong)定(ding)思(si)痛(tong),吸(xi)取(qu)教(jiao)訓(xun),積(ji)極(ji)采(cai)取(qu)應(ying)對(dui)措(cuo)施(shi),建(jian)立(li)和(he)完(wan)善(shan)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)機(ji)製(zhi),理(li)應(ying)成(cheng)為(wei)災(zai)後(hou)重(zhong)建(jian)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)。