蔡昉:中國經濟的五個矛盾現象
http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-15 00:04:00 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
2008年2月2日,中國經濟50人論壇2008年會在北京釣魚台國賓館舉行。會上中國經濟50人論壇與新浪網的戰略合作正式簽約。新浪財經視頻直播本次盛會。以下為社科院人口與勞動經濟研究所所長中國經濟50人論壇成員蔡昉的精彩演講。
蔡昉:我(wo)講(jiang)的(de)不(bu)是(shi)長(chang)期(qi)的(de),也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)短(duan)期(qi)的(de),但(dan)是(shi)是(shi)稍(shao)微(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)一(yi)點(dian)兒(er)的(de)東(dong)西(xi),因(yin)為(wei)我(wo)感(gan)覺(jiao)我(wo)們(men)有(you)時(shi)候(hou)討(tao)論(lun)宏(hong)觀(guan)經(jing)濟(ji),我(wo)有(you)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)自(zi)己(ji)老(lao)陷(xian)入(ru)困(kun)惑(huo),但(dan)是(shi)我(wo)覺(jiao)得(de)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)可(ke)能(neng)來(lai)自(zi)於(yu)對(dui)我(wo)們(men)經(jing)濟(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)基(ji)本(ben)的(de)東(dong)西(xi),我(wo)們(men)沒(mei)有(you)把(ba)握(wo)準(zhun),這(zhe)樣(yang)比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)我(wo)們(men)現(xian)在(zai)討(tao)論(lun)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)到(dao)底(di)會(hui)受(shou)世(shi)界(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)什(shen)麼(me)樣(yang)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),這(zhe)個(ge)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)底(di)有(you)沒(mei)有(you),可(ke)能(neng)就(jiu)和(he)我(wo)們(men)對(dui)收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)配(pei)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)判(pan)斷(duan)是(shi)有(you)關(guan)係(xi)的(de),比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)我(wo)注(zhu)意(yi)到(dao),我(wo)們(men)的(de)收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)配(pei)原(yuan)則(ze)中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)存(cun)在(zai),一(yi)個(ge)是(shi)說(shuo)我(wo)們(men)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)結(jie)論(lun)是(shi)不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de),那(na)麼(me)我(wo)們(men)誰(shui)都(dou)不(bu)願(yuan)提(ti)供(gong)各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)證(zheng)據(ju),證(zheng)據(ju)之(zhi)間(jian)都(dou)是(shi)打(da)架(jia)的(de),同(tong)時(shi)還(hai)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)人(ren)沒(mei)有(you)讀(du)懂(dong)我(wo)們(men)的(de)統(tong)計(ji),所(suo)以(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)我(wo)們(men)的(de)困(kun)惑(huo),當(dang)然(ran)還(hai)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)和(he)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)的(de)利(li)益(yi)相(xiang)關(guan),我(wo)歸(gui)納(na)大(da)概(gai)有(you)五(wu)個(ge)矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)擱(ge)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)。
yigeshishuowomenzhongguobeishijieyinxinghehenduoguojizuzhishuoshishijieshanggongrendejianpingxiaoguozuihaodeguojia,tongshizhelimiandajiayoubazhongguoshuochengshichuzaishouruchajuzuidadeguojiadexinglielimian。wojiujiaodeyouyidianmaodun,womenjianpinghaoxiangbujianzhashourufenpei。
還有一個就是比較表象的,人家都在說,說基尼係數不超過4%,xianzaiwomenyegaole,danshidajiaxinqihenhao,zhelianggemaodundexianxiangyougezaiyiqi,qishiwomenjiuyinggaikandao,shijishangzhongguodejingjizengchangzhenghaofuheyouyixiejingjixuejiatichangdeqingpinkundezengchang,namezhegezengchangbuyinggaiyounameyanzhongdepinfuchaju。
第三個矛盾我們注意到中國改革開放以來,始終是以城鄉迅速擴大的就業為特點的,而且就是在90年nian代dai後hou期qi以yi後hou,實shi際ji上shang我wo們men看kan到dao就jiu業ye的de增zeng長chang是shi更geng快kuai的de,是shi整zheng個ge改gai革ge開kai放fang當dang中zhong最zui快kuai的de,但dan是shi在zai這zhe個ge同tong時shi,我wo們men也ye在zai這zhe兒er抱bao怨yuan,說shuo我wo們men的de勞lao動dong報bao酬chou占zhanGDP的de份fen額e是shi在zai下xia降jiang的de,這zhe裏li麵mian一yi個ge可ke能neng是shi統tong計ji因yin素su,我wo實shi際ji上shang注zhu意yi到dao我wo們men城cheng鎮zhen的de就jiu業ye,真zhen實shi的de城cheng鎮zhen就jiu業ye比bi我wo們men統tong計ji上shang掌zhang握wo的de城cheng鎮zhen就jiu業ye要yao多duo出chu50%以上,那麼這部分人他們也是按照統計局顯示的,他們的勞動狀況很難統計到整體裏麵,這是一個。
還有一個,即使我們現在在統計上看到的勞動報酬占GDP的比重根本不是最低的,隻比最發達國家低一些而已,比大多數的國家比重都是高一些的,這是第三個。
disigewomenxianzaizhongguojinglizherenleihepinglishishangzuidaguimodelaodonglizhuanyi。danshiwomenyejinglizhezaiquanshijiezuigaodechengxiangshouruchaju,erqiebuduandetigao,zhegeyezugoumaodunde。woxiangzuizhongyaodeyidian,womendetongjixitonglimian,baliudongrenkou,qishirenkouliudongshiweiyichangqidegenbenxingdegaibianchengxiangchajudeyinsu,erbushizaifenpeiyinsu,erzhegewomentongjilimiankanbudao,wozuoguobijiao,zainongcundehukoutiaozhalimianhechengshidehukoutiaozhalimian,doumeiyousuanliudongde,suoyiwomenbazuizhongyaodeyibufenhulvediaole,nongmindeshourusiqian,chengshideshouruyiwanduo,liudongdeshourudagaishibaqian,suoyitashiyigezhongjianliliang,danshiwomenzhaobudaole。