http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-20 11:53:55 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
zaiguojijinrongweijimanyan,shijiejingjixingshifuzaduobiandehuanjingxia,geguozhengzhiliyutongguotiaozhengchanyejiegou,yingduijinrongweijidetiaozhan,huifujingjizengchangdedongli。yucitongshi,zhongguoyezhengtongguojijidezhiduchuangxinyouhuachanyejiegouyubuju,baituojinrongweijideshufu,baochijingjichixu、健康和快速發展。2009年(nian)中(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)濟(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)特(te)別(bie)指(zhi)出(chu)要(yao)從(cong)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)入(ru)手(shou),因(yin)勢(shi)利(li)導(dao)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)序(xu)地(di)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi),亦(yi)是(shi)讓(rang)我(wo)們(men)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)引(yin)致(zhi)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)國(guo)際(ji)分(fen)工(gong)重(zhong)組(zu)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)契(qi)機(ji),吸(xi)引(yin)科(ke)技(ji)含(han)量(liang)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)附(fu)加(jia)值(zhi)高(gao)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi),推(tui)動(dong)我(wo)國(guo)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)優(you)化(hua)與(yu)升(sheng)級(ji)。引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)
guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui,cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou,yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan,zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。
一方麵,金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看,雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展,資本、技ji術shu和he勞lao動dong力li等deng生sheng產chan要yao素su在zai市shi場chang機ji製zhi的de作zuo用yong下xia全quan球qiu流liu動dong與yu組zu合he配pei置zhi,催cui促cu著zhe一yi國guo或huo地di區qu內nei部bu的de產chan業ye向xiang具ju有you比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de地di區qu轉zhuan移yi,但dan是shi,由you於yu發fa達da國guo家jia比bi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia表biao現xian出chu較jiao高gao的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping和he較jiao強qiang的de科ke技ji力li量liang,使shi得de它ta們men在zai世shi界jie分fen工gong體ti係xi和he利li益yi分fen配pei格ge局ju中zhong占zhan據ju主zhu導dao地di位wei。他ta們men將jiang資zi源yuan消xiao耗hao和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran水shui平ping高gao、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi,yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie,yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner,youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye,guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie,daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng,yiner,jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou,birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong,jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi,youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。
lingyifangmian,jinrongweijiweizhongguoyindaoguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaolezhuguandelishijiyu。gaigekaifangsanshiduoniandelishijingyanbiaoming,zhongguochenggongdezhiduzhuanxingyouxiaodicujinlejingjijiegoudeyouhuahejingjizengchangfangshidezhuanbian,chanshengle“經濟增長奇跡”,jidadisuoxiaoleyufadaguojiadejingjifazhanchaju。jishiguojijinrongweijixijuanquanqiu,zhishishijiegeguojingjixiahua,zhongguosuiranyewuyiliwaidibunengxingmian,raner,zhengdangshijiegeguozhiliyuxunzhaojinrongweijideyingduizhiceshi,zhongguopingjieduiwaikaifangsanshiduoniansuojileidewuzhijichuhejishiyouxiaodezhiduanpai,lvxianzouchulejinrongweijideyinmai,shidefadaguojiadekuaguogongsizaimianlinbentushengchanyujingyinghuanjingehuashi,zhongxinshenshizhongguodeshengchanchengbenhejiaoyichengbenyoushisuodailaideshengchanhejingyinghuanjingdegaishan。cishi,zhongguoyoukenengyikaozhiduzhuanxingsuoleijidejingyan,jinyibutiaozhengzhengcehechuangxinzhidu,chuangzaochanyeshengjidexinhuanjing,zhudongyindaohechengjieguojixianjinchanyezhuanyi,bingzaibenguopeiyuwanzhengdechanyejiazhilian,youhuachanyedekongjianbuju,tuidongchanyejiegoushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidezhiduchuangxin
中(zhong)國(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)正(zheng)處(chu)於(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia),要(yao)巧(qiao)借(jie)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu),加(jia)快(kuai)現(xian)代(dai)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng),實(shi)現(xian)大(da)國(guo)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)趕(gan)超(chao),必(bi)然(ran)需(xu)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)高(gao)端(duan)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)。為(wei)此(ci),我(wo)們(men)有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)地(di)提(ti)出(chu)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin):
diyi,tigaotouzizhengcedechayihuachengdu,pochuwuxingdetouzizhengcebilei。weilechengjieguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyi,duibutongdiquchengjiebutongchanyehuoshengchanhuanjiedetouzizhengceyingjinkenengchabieduidai,bingzengqiangtouzizhengcedetoumingdu,xiaochuzhengcexingqishi。yifangmian,youyuzhongguogediquziyuanbingfu、技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)存(cun)在(zai)差(cha)異(yi),國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)時(shi),應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)給(gei)予(yu)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)性(xing),采(cai)取(qu)國(guo)家(jia)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)指(zhi)導(dao)原(yuan)則(ze),各(ge)地(di)區(qu)依(yi)據(ju)此(ci)原(yuan)則(ze)結(jie)合(he)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping),差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)鼓(gu)勵(li)、限(xian)製(zhi)和(he)禁(jin)止(zhi)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)應(ying)加(jia)快(kuai)清(qing)理(li)與(yu)降(jiang)低(di)投(tou)資(zi)壁(bi)壘(lei)和(he)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)原(yuan)則(ze)不(bu)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)規(gui)章(zhang),並(bing)逐(zhu)步(bu)廢(fei)除(chu)一(yi)些(xie)與(yu)促(cu)進(jin)投(tou)資(zi)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)規(gui)則(ze)相(xiang)衝(chong)突(tu)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui),且(qie)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善(shan)促(cu)進(jin)不(bu)同(tong)地(di)區(qu)各(ge)類(lei)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)的(de)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)規(gui)則(ze),同(tong)時(shi),還(hai)應(ying)加(jia)強(qiang)投(tou)資(zi)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)對(dui)外(wai)宣(xuan)傳(chuan),及(ji)時(shi)對(dui)外(wai)公(gong)布(bu)鼓(gu)勵(li)、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息,並確保這些信息的國際傳播。
dier,tiaozhengshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi,zengqiangshuishouzhengcedexiangduiyouxiaoxing。shuishouzhengcefanyinglezhengfuduiqiyeyugerenshouyidezhengshuishuiping,yinci,shuishouzhengceyizhishizuoweishijiegeguoyindaochanyezibenliuxiangdezhongyaoshouduan。weiletigaoguojixianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjiedezhuanyixiaolv,yingyijudiqutezhenghechanyedetexing,caiquduoyanghuadeshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。yifangmian,yingshishidiyijudiquhechanyezhengcedexuyao,xietiaocaiyonggezhongshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。youyujianjieshuishouyouhuifangshinengduitouzizhouqichang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠,因此,應逐步采取以加速折舊、kuisunmibudengjianjieshuishouyouhuifangshiweizhu,cujinzibenhejishumijixingchanyetouzi。lingyifangmian,zhengfuyingyijudiyutezhenghechanyetexingzhidingxihuadeshuishouyouhuizhengce,bingzaidiquzhijian、行(xing)業(ye)之(zhi)間(jian)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)之(zhi)間(jian)體(ti)現(xian)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)優(you)惠(hui)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。對(dui)於(yu)技(ji)術(shu)密(mi)集(ji)型(xing)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie),可(ke)賦(fu)予(yu)相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)其(qi)他(ta)產(chan)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)更(geng)為(wei)優(you)厚(hou)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui),同(tong)時(shi),為(wei)了(le)鼓(gu)勵(li)落(luo)後(hou)地(di)區(qu)吸(xi)引(yin)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi),可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)獲(huo)得(de)相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)達(da)地(di)區(qu)而(er)言(yan)更(geng)為(wei)優(you)厚(hou)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策(ce),以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)落(luo)後(hou)地(di)區(qu)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。
第三,創新商業交易製度,減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移,中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、biangengyutuichushengchanyujingyinghuodongdeshouquanyuhuibaochengxu。shouxian,keyichangshiyouzhongyangbuweichutaigediqushenpiwaiziqiyedeyuanze,bingzaigegejibiedexingzhengquhuadanweishelishenpijiguanqiegeiyutamenyudiqujingjifazhanguimoxiangyingdeshenpiquanxian,qieyifalvxingshijiayiguding。zaiguojiaduiwaishangsheliqiyeguidingshenpiyuanzedetiaojianxia,weilegulizhixiashihejingjifadadiquchengjieguowaixianjinchanyedezhuanyi,zhongyangkeshidanggeiyudiquzhengfuduiyuxiandaixianjinchanyejiaogaodeshenpiquanxian。qici,jinkenengjianhuawaishangtouzishenqingshelixiandaixianjinqiyedeshenpishouxu,zengqiangshenpidetoumingduhetigaoshenpixiaolv。shenpijiguankeshidangjianhuawaizideshenpihelianhenianjianshouxu,shixing“一站式”服務,且在經營期內,企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本,或是將其
財產權益對外抵押、轉讓,以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、shuiwudenggebumenduiwaiziqiyeshixinglianhenianjianshi,yingtigaoxingzhengjiguanshenpihebanlidexiaolvhetoumingdu,jinkenengdijianhuabanlishouxu,jianshaoqiyezhifuxingzhengshenpihenianjiandechengben。zaici,gaibianyiwangwaishangtouziqiyeyinjingyingqixianmanerzhongzhijingyingde“一刀切”辦(ban)法(fa),對(dui)於(yu)外(wai)商(shang)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)投(tou)資(zi)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye),采(cai)用(yong)類(lei)似(si)於(yu)內(nei)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa),可(ke)先(xian)由(you)企(qi)業(ye)聘(pin)用(yong)清(qing)算(suan)機(ji)構(gou)出(chu)具(ju)具(ju)有(you)法(fa)律(lv)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)清(qing)算(suan)報(bao)告(gao),再(zai)報(bao)審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)核(he),實(shi)現(xian)內(nei)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)審(shen)批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)上(shang)等(deng)同(tong)對(dui)待(dai)。
disi,jianquanchanquanbaohuzhidu,jiangdiqiyeshengchanyujingyingzhongdebuquedingxing。weileyouxiaoyindaoguojixianjinchanyeyouxuxiangbenguozhuanyi,womenjiyaojiadazhishichanquanbaohuzhidudechuangxinlidu,youyaonulitigaorenlizibenchanquandebaohushuiping。duiyuzhishichanquanbaohuzhidudechuangxin,yifangmian,yingnuliwanshanzhishichanquanbaohufalv,zhubufugaidangqianfalvtiaowensuobunenghangaidemangqu,bingyijuxingyehuoshengchanhuanjieduizhishichanquandeminganchengdubutong,shishidizhidingxiangguandezhishichanquanbaohufagui;另ling一yi方fang麵mian,應ying增zeng強qiang知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de執zhi法fa力li度du,加jia大da對dui侵qin犯fan知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de懲cheng罰fa力li度du,提ti高gao知zhi識shi產chan權quan侵qin權quan的de成cheng本ben。對dui於yu人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan保bao護hu,首shou先xian應ying適shi時shi地di修xiu訂ding與yu完wan善shan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律,消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則,加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調;qici,tongguojiadaxiangguanfalvfaguidezhixingliduhetuokuanfugaimian,quebaorenlizibenjiaoyishuangfangzaipingdenghulideqiantixia,wanshanrenlizibenchanquandejiaoyichengxu,jianshaorenlizibenjiaoyidebuquedingxing;再zai次ci,大da力li發fa展zhan人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang和he建jian立li人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang交jiao易yi製zhi度du,擴kuo大da資zi本ben信xin息xi交jiao流liu渠qu道dao,提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben信xin息xi共gong享xiang水shui平ping,降jiang低di企qi業ye獲huo取qu人ren力li資zi本ben的de信xin息xi成cheng本ben,發fa揮hui反fan映ying人ren力li資zi本ben價jia值zhi的de市shi場chang機ji製zhi,保bao障zhang人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan,防fang止zhi人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan交jiao易yi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為,提高人力資本的利用效率。(作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位:北京大學、湖南大學)