市場悄然轉變 木工機械迎來數控時代
http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 00:36:59 來源:中國工業報
山東歐亞木器製造有限公司負責人日前告訴中國工業報記者,《新勞動法》fuzhushishidailailaodonglichengbenshangsheng,jingzhengcushijiajujimucaijiagongqiyeguimochixukuoda,tongshiyouyuguoneiwaishichangduigaojingdugongyidexuqiuchixupansheng,shaojuguimodejiajujimucaijiagongqiyebudebukaishisicunniaoqianghuanpao。數控木工機械取代傳統木工機械,已成為可以看得見的趨勢,中國木工機械企業不得不開始第二次創業。
下遊企業需求創造巨大市場
盡管“工欲善其事、必先利其器”是(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)古(gu)老(lao)法(fa)則(ze),然(ran)而(er)在(zai)配(pei)置(zhi)裝(zhuang)備(bei)方(fang)麵(mian),企(qi)業(ye)往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)從(cong)自(zi)身(shen)利(li)益(yi)最(zui)大(da)化(hua)出(chu)發(fa),選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)自(zi)身(shen)實(shi)力(li)相(xiang)匹(pi)配(pei)的(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)。因(yin)為(wei)選(xuan)擇(ze)最(zui)優(you)良(liang)的(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)並(bing)不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)利(li)潤(run),反(fan)而(er)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)缺(que)失(shi)。當(dang)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)成(cheng)本(ben)足(zu)夠(gou)低(di)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),企(qi)業(ye)為(wei)了(le)實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)利(li)潤(run)目(mu)標(biao),往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)采(cai)用(yong)“人海戰術”。進口成套化的數控家具生產線價格動輒上億元,僅僅每年的貸款利息就要數百萬元,而這些貸款利息足以聘請數百名員工;設備折舊及維修養護費用,也可以聘請數百名低成本員工。因此,在勞動力成本極低、市場對工藝精度要求不高的情況下,對傳統機械的選擇,往往優於對數控機械的選擇。
社she會hui變bian遷qian迫po使shi情qing況kuang發fa生sheng轉zhuan變bian。近jin年nian來lai,盡jin管guan中zhong國guo各ge地di的de最zui低di工gong資zi水shui平ping增zeng長chang幅fu度du不bu太tai大da,但dan在zai中zhong國guo家jia具ju及ji木mu材cai加jia工gong產chan業ye,由you於yu需xu要yao大da量liang雇gu用yong熟shu練lian技ji術shu工gong人ren,而er這zhe些xie熟shu練lian的de技ji工gong工gong資zi水shui平ping往wang往wang超chao出chu各ge地di法fa定ding最zui低di工gong資zi水shui平ping的de兩liang到dao三san倍bei,再zai加jia上shang全quan國guo各ge地di的de技ji術shu學xue校xiao基ji本ben上shang不bu培pei訓xun家jia具ju行xing業ye的de熟shu練lian技ji工gong,這zhe些xie流liu動dong性xing極ji大da的de技ji工gong隻zhi能neng依yi賴lai企qi業ye自zi己ji培pei訓xun,不bu菲fei的de培pei訓xun成cheng本ben由you企qi業ye支zhi付fu;而員工跳槽之後,企業的付出往往就打了水漂。以廣東為例,深圳的法定最低工資仍然不超過每月1000元人民幣,但要聘請熟練車間工人,必須付出每月2000元(yuan)以(yi)上(shang)。加(jia)上(shang)最(zui)近(jin)持(chi)續(xu)的(de)物(wu)價(jia)上(shang)漲(zhang),工(gong)人(ren)工(gong)資(zi)水(shui)平(ping)必(bi)然(ran)還(hai)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)提(ti)升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian)。企(qi)業(ye)過(guo)去(qu)客(ke)觀(guan)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)提(ti)高(gao)員(yuan)工(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)強(qiang)度(du)和(he)延(yan)長(chang)工(gong)人(ren)勞(lao)動(dong)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)做(zuo)法(fa),在(zai)法(fa)律(lv)意(yi)義(yi)與(yu)現(xian)實(shi)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)已(yi)經(jing)達(da)到(dao)極(ji)限(xian),因(yin)此(ci),企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)勞(lao)動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv),惟(wei)有(you)依(yi)賴(lai)提(ti)升(sheng)技(ji)術(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)水(shui)平(ping)來(lai)突(tu)破(po)。盡(jin)管(guan)數(shu)控(kong)木(mu)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)價(jia)格(ge)更(geng)為(wei)昂(ang)貴(gui),但(dan)其(qi)高(gao)出(chu)傳(chuan)統(tong)機(ji)械(xie)數(shu)倍(bei)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)還(hai)是(shi)令(ling)不(bu)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)主(zhu)躍(yue)躍(yue)欲(yu)試(shi)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)某(mou)些(xie)具(ju)有(you)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)板(ban)式(shi)家(jia)具(ju)企(qi)業(ye),已(yi)經(jing)開(kai)始(shi)不(bu)惜(xi)工(gong)本(ben)地(di)引(yin)進(jin)進(jin)口(kou)成(cheng)套(tao)數(shu)控(kong)設(she)備(bei),或(huo)者(zhe)采(cai)購(gou)少(shao)量(liang)數(shu)控(kong)設(she)備(bei)來(lai)武(wu)裝(zhuang)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian),純(chun)粹(cui)是(shi)壓(ya)力(li)使(shi)然(ran)。
數控核心技術仍掌握在外資企業手中
更(geng)為(wei)先(xian)進(jin)的(de)數(shu)控(kong)設(she)備(bei)漸(jian)漸(jian)受(shou)規(gui)模(mo)企(qi)業(ye)青(qing)睞(lai),除(chu)了(le)能(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)高(gao)勞(lao)動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)外(wai),還(hai)因(yin)為(wei)數(shu)控(kong)設(she)備(bei)基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)杜(du)絕(jue)了(le)工(gong)傷(shang)事(shi)故(gu)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。在(zai)過(guo)去(qu),家(jia)具(ju)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)工(gong)傷(shang)成(cheng)本(ben)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)低(di),如(ru)果(guo)解(jie)聘(pin)因(yin)為(wei)工(gong)傷(shang)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)十(shi)級(ji)傷(shang)殘(can)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)僅(jin)需(xu)2萬元人民幣左右;而(er)在(zai)今(jin)天(tian),員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)意(yi)識(shi)提(ti)高(gao),各(ge)地(di)傷(shang)殘(can)賠(pei)償(chang)補(bu)助(zhu)因(yin)為(wei)最(zui)低(di)工(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)漲(zhang)船(chuan)高(gao),企(qi)業(ye)為(wei)員(yuan)工(gong)十(shi)級(ji)傷(shang)殘(can)所(suo)支(zhi)付(fu)的(de)賠(pei)償(chang)費(fei)用(yong)已(yi)經(jing)提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)三(san)倍(bei)左(zuo)右(you)。由(you)於(yu)許(xu)多(duo)家(jia)具(ju)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)任(ren)務(wu)繁(fan)重(zhong),長(chang)期(qi)加(jia)班(ban)導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)人(ren)疲(pi)勞(lao)操(cao)作(zuo),工(gong)傷(shang)事(shi)故(gu)時(shi)有(you)發(fa)生(sheng),由(you)此(ci)招(zhao)致(zhi)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)麻(ma)煩(fan)已(yi)經(jing)讓(rang)企(qi)業(ye)主(zhu)不(bu)勝(sheng)其(qi)煩(fan)。
zaijingmichengduyuchucailvfangmian,shukongmugongjixielingchuantongjixiewangyangxingtan。jinnianlaixiaofeizheduijiajuchanpingongyiyaoqiuchixutigao,zaitishenggongyishuipingdezongheguanlishouduanfahuidaojixianzhihou,weiyoutongguozhuangbeideniaoqianghuanpaocainengmanzuxiaofeizhetiaotidegongyiyaoqiu。shukongmugongjixiesuoshengchandechanpinchulejingmichengdugaozhiwai,qipinzhiyuanjiaochuantongjixiegengweijunheng,bimianlechuantongjixiebukebimiandezhiliangbodong。dangjindeyuancailiaojiageyijingmianlinleshuniande“牛市”,每一次價格波動都讓生產企業心驚肉跳,而在提高原材料有效利用率方麵,數控機械亦有傳統機械不可比擬的優勢。
木工機械轉型時代已悄然來臨
早(zao)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)風(feng)向(xiang)標(biao)的(de)悄(qiao)然(ran)變(bian)化(hua)之(zhi)前(qian),國(guo)內(nei)不(bu)少(shao)高(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)和(he)科(ke)研(yan)機(ji)構(gou)已(yi)經(jing)未(wei)雨(yu)綢(chou)繆(mou)。盡(jin)管(guan)高(gao)校(xiao)及(ji)科(ke)研(yan)機(ji)構(gou)在(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)木(mu)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)領(ling)域(yu)缺(que)乏(fa)興(xing)趣(qu)和(he)準(zhun)備(bei),但(dan)作(zuo)為(wei)機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)高(gao)端(duan)領(ling)域(yu)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)械(xie)領(ling)域(yu),國(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)委(wei)給(gei)予(yu)了(le)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)重(zhong)視(shi)。在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)械(xie)領(ling)域(yu),中(zhong)國(guo)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)企(qi)業(ye)已(yi)經(jing)取(qu)得(de)了(le)實(shi)質(zhi)性(xing)的(de)突(tu)破(po)。清(qing)華(hua)大(da)學(xue)、東北林業大學、nanjinglinyedaxuedenggaodengyuanxiaohekeyanjigou,zaishukongmugongjixielingyuyiqudelexiangdangdejishuchubei,yidaishichangchunjiangshuinuan,jiukeyuqiyexieshouzhanlingshichang。erguangdongmashidengqiye,yijingyilaizishenliliangxiangshichangtuichuleshaoliangdeshukongmugongjixiechanpin。baokuoyuanzaineididedabufenzhiyezhongzhuan,yijingkaisheleshukongjichuangcaozuojiaocheng,yeweiqiyetigongledaliangdeqianzairencaichubei,keguanshanghuajiehuojianqinglemugongjixieqiyejinrushichangdefuwuyali。
與傳統木工機械相比,國產的數控木工機械的價格是其五到十倍;而進口數控產品的價格又是國產數控產品的兩到三倍。盡管數控木工機械在效率、安全性、精密度、chucailvdengfangmianquanmianshengchu,danjigaodejiagemenkanrengranshixuduoqiyezhuwangerquebu。danshi,suizheshukongjixiedechanxiaoliangyuelaiyueda,jixieruanjianchengbenjiangbeitanbo,zhegejiageyouwangbeiyadi。
congqitalingyudejixiezhuangbeidejingyanlaikan,qidaizhangwojishudewaiguoqiyezhudongyadishoujia,wuyishijinghuashuiyue,erwaiguoqiyedeshukongjixiechanpinqishouhoufuwuchengbenyihennanjiangdi。zhongguojiajujimucaijiagongqiyeyaoxiangyougengweiwumeijialiandeshukongmugongjixie,zhinengqidaibentumugongjixieqiyequdejianjindejishutupohejilei,huozheyuguowaiqiyejinxingjishuhezuo,cainengxunsuzaizhongguopujishukongmugongjixie。
沒有“山雨欲來風滿樓”,市shi場chang已yi經jing悄qiao然ran變bian化hua,新xin的de格ge局ju正zheng在zai孕yun育yu。中zhong國guo木mu工gong機ji械xie領ling域yu的de轉zhuan型xing已yi經jing悄qiao然ran來lai臨lin,許xu多duo木mu工gong機ji械xie企qi業ye將jiang進jin行xing第di二er次ci創chuang業ye,惟wei有you能neng在zai數shu控kong領ling域yu有you所suo作zuo為wei的de木mu工gong機ji械xie企qi業ye,才cai能neng經jing曆li市shi場chang的de大da浪lang淘tao沙sha,續xu寫xie2000多年來的魯班傳奇。 ( 胡啟林)