我國開發超級電容器
http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-15 03:19:12 來源:中國電子元件行業協會
據英國《新科學家》雜(za)誌(zhi)報(bao)道(dao),由(you)納(na)米(mi)花(hua)和(he)納(na)米(mi)草(cao)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)納(na)米(mi)級(ji)牧(mu)場(chang)可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)貯(zhu)存(cun)在(zai)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong),而(er)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)可(ke)以(yi)取(qu)代(dai)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)中(zhong)所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)。
由you於yu電dian池chi貯zhu存cun的de是shi化hua學xue能neng,因yin此ci得de慢man慢man充chong電dian,相xiang比bi之zhi下xia,電dian容rong器qi貯zhu存cun的de是shi電dian能neng,因yin此ci在zai充chong電dian的de同tong時shi能neng很hen快kuai充chong滿man電dian,隻zhi是shi電dian量liang不bu太tai多duo。但dan隨sui著zhe技ji術shu的de進jin步bu,近jin年nian來lai的de電dian容rong器qi得de到dao了le很hen大da的de提ti升sheng,目mu前qian正zheng在zai開kai發fa的de超chao級ji電dian容rong器qi貯zhu存cun的de電dian量liang是shi一yi般ban電dian容rong器qi的de數shu千qian倍bei,因yin此ci可ke以yi驅qu動dong電dian動dong工gong具ju甚shen至zhi電dian動dong汽qi車che。不bu過guo,在zai真zhen正zheng使shi用yong之zhi前qian,超chao級ji電dian容rong器qi的de貯zhu電dian能neng力li還hai有you待dai進jin一yi步bu提ti高gao。而er我wo國guo科ke學xue家jia已yi經jing找zhao到dao了le新xin辦ban法fa,可ke望wang讓rang它ta們men盡jin快kuai應ying用yong於yu實shi際ji中zhong。
其(qi)實(shi),超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)簡(jian)單(dan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),它(ta)們(men)通(tong)過(guo)懸(xuan)浮(fu)在(zai)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)極(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)來(lai)充(chong)電(dian),即(ji)正(zheng)離(li)子(zi)一(yi)頭(tou)連(lian)著(zhe)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)極(ji),負(fu)離(li)子(zi)一(yi)頭(tou)連(lian)著(zhe)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)極(ji)。由(you)於(yu)此(ci)電(dian)極(ji)上(shang)塗(tu)有(you)多(duo)孔(kong)滲(shen)水(shui)材(cai)料(liao),可(ke)以(yi)像(xiang)海(hai)綿(mian)一(yi)樣(yang)吸(xi)收(shou)離(li)子(zi),從(cong)而(er)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到(dao)貯(zhu)存(cun)能(neng)量(liang)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。此(ci)多(duo)孔(kong)滲(shen)水(shui)材(cai)料(liao)一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)使(shi)用(yong)活(huo)性(xing)碳(tan)。為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)貯(zhu)電(dian)能(neng)力(li),就(jiu)得(de)讓(rang)這(zhe)些(xie)碳(tan)海(hai)綿(mian)更(geng)加(jia)多(duo)孔(kong)。如(ru)今(jin),我(wo)國(guo)化(hua)學(xue)防(fang)護(hu)研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)的(de)張(zhang)豪(hao)(音譯)hebeijingdaxuedetongshiyidaocaiqulebutongdebanfalaigaijinchaojidianrongqidexingneng。tamenjianglizizhucunzaiyanghuamengzhong,eryanghuamengbihuoxingtanhaiyougengduodekongjianlaizhucunlizi。
然(ran)而(er),雖(sui)然(ran)氧(yang)化(hua)錳(meng)貯(zhu)存(cun)離(li)子(zi)很(hen)出(chu)色(se),但(dan)它(ta)有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)電(dian)阻(zu),從(cong)而(er)使(shi)它(ta)很(hen)難(nan)實(shi)現(xian)第(di)一(yi)場(chang)所(suo)充(chong)電(dian),得(de)進(jin)行(xing)雙(shuang)倍(bei)充(chong)電(dian)。於(yu)是(shi),研(yan)究(jiu)人(ren)員(yuan)將(jiang)氧(yang)化(hua)錳(meng)納(na)米(mi)花(hua)種(zhong)在(zai)直(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)約(yue)100納米的碳納米管草上,而碳納米管草又種在鉭金屬薄片上,由此形成了“納米牧場”的de精jing微wei結jie構gou。張zhang豪hao表biao示shi,每mei一yi朵duo氧yang化hua錳meng納na米mi花hua至zhi少shao有you二er根gen碳tan納na米mi管guan草cao支zhi撐cheng著zhe,後hou者zhe扮ban演yan電dian子zi超chao級ji公gong路lu,給gei上shang麵mian的de氧yang化hua錳meng納na米mi花hua供gong電dian。當dang氧yang化hua錳meng納na米mi花hua充chong上shang電dian之zhi後hou,它ta就jiu能neng吸xi附fu離li子zi,從cong而er能neng很hen好hao地di貯zhu電dian。
結果表明,納米牧場的貯電能力是單個氧化錳的貯電能力的10倍bei,所suo貯zhu備bei的de電dian量liang是shi現xian有you超chao級ji電dian容rong器qi所suo使shi用yong的de碳tan電dian極ji的de貯zhu電dian量liang的de二er倍bei。張zhang豪hao表biao示shi,而er且qie,納na米mi牧mu場chang的de複fu雜za結jie構gou可ke以yi抵di擋dang機ji械xie性xing能neng的de退tui化hua,從cong而er避bi免mian超chao級ji電dian容rong器qi的de性xing能neng隨sui時shi間jian的de過guo去qu而er下xia降jiang。測ce試shi結jie果guo表biao明ming,此ci新xin裝zhuang置zhi的de貯zhu電dian能neng力li在zai充chong電dian和he耗hao電dian2萬次循環之後僅僅下降了3%,勝過其它高性能的設計。
英國曼徹斯特大學的邁克·巴(ba)恩(en)斯(si)表(biao)示(shi),這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)提(ti)升(sheng)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)有(you)趣(qu)辦(ban)法(fa)。但(dan)在(zai)上(shang)市(shi)銷(xiao)售(shou)之(zhi)前(qian)還(hai)得(de)讓(rang)它(ta)更(geng)能(neng)經(jing)受(shou)物(wu)理(li)方(fang)麵(mian)的(de)退(tui)化(hua),也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)更(geng)能(neng)耐(nai)用(yong)。一(yi)旦(dan)這(zhe)種(zhong)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)用(yong)於(yu)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)上(shang),踩(cai)刹(sha)車(che)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)就(jiu)能(neng)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)。如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)城(cheng)市(shi)行(xing)駛(shi)的(de)話(hua),1小時充電大約60次就可以了。