屈賢明談中國高檔數控機床與基礎製造裝備
http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-15 11:02:25 來源:互聯網
屈賢明(中國機械工程學會常務理事、原中國機械科學研究總院副院長):
非(fei)常(chang)榮(rong)幸(xing)有(you)這(zhe)個(ge)機(ji)會(hui)介(jie)紹(shao)一(yi)下(xia)中(zhong)國(guo)高(gao)檔(dang)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)與(yu)基(ji)礎(chu)製(zhi)造(zao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang),剛(gang)才(cai)兩(liang)位(wei)老(lao)總(zong)已(yi)經(jing)講(jiang)了(le),發(fa)展(zhan)航(hang)天(tian),發(fa)展(zhan)大(da)飛(fei)機(ji),誰(shui)來(lai)做(zuo)?就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)高(gao)檔(dang)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)與(yu)基(ji)礎(chu)製(zhi)造(zao)裝(zhuang)備(bei),沒(mei)這(zhe)個(ge)大(da)飛(fei)機(ji)飛(fei)不(bu)上(shang)天(tian)。但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)東(dong)西(xi)正(zheng)因(yin)為(wei)如(ru)此(ci)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao),這(zhe)些(xie)關(guan)鍵(jian)設(she)備(bei)要(yao)用(yong)到(dao)航(hang)天(tian),用(yong)到(dao)大(da)飛(fei)機(ji),用(yong)到(dao)軍(jun)用(yong)飛(fei)機(ji),國(guo)外(wai)的(de)機(ji)床(chuang)是(shi)不(bu)賣(mai)給(gei)你(ni)的(de),花(hua)多(duo)少(shao)錢(qian)買(mai)不(bu)來(lai)。 所suo以yi正zheng是shi由you於yu這zhe個ge重zhong要yao性xing,在zai國guo家jia中zhong長chang期qi發fa展zhan規gui劃hua十shi六liu個ge重zhong大da專zhuan項xiang裏li麵mian,把ba高gao檔dang數shu控kong機ji床chuang和he基ji礎chu製zhi造zao裝zhuang備bei也ye列lie為wei其qi中zhong之zhi一yi,和he我wo們men的de大da飛fei機ji和he我wo們men的de登deng月yue工gong程cheng平ping起qi平ping坐zuo,這zhe是shi我wo們men機ji械xie行xing業ye,我wo們men何he部bu長chang奮fen鬥dou了le很hen多duo年nian取qu得de的de成cheng績ji。
我wo想xiang講jiang三san個ge問wen題ti,一yi個ge是shi高gao檔dang數shu控kong機ji床chuang與yu基ji礎chu製zhi造zao裝zhuang備bei的de內nei涵han是shi什shen麼me,第di二er就jiu是shi近jin年nian的de發fa展zhan情qing況kuang,第di三san把ba重zhong大da專zhuan項xiang的de初chu步bu考kao慮lv,隻zhi能neng說shuo是shi初chu步bu考kao慮lv,因yin為wei重zhong大da專zhuan項xiang是shi十shi六liu項xiang最zui後hou一yi個ge論lun證zheng的de,現xian在zai還hai剩sheng下xia20號最後要開。從8月1號開始論證,論證也是很持久的。
什(shen)麼(me)叫(jiao)高(gao)檔(dang)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang),簡(jian)單(dan)地(di)說(shuo)符(fu)合(he)網(wang)絡(luo)通(tong)信(xin)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)機(ji)床(chuang)。待(dai)會(hui)兒(er)有(you)真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)介(jie)紹(shao)數(shu)控(kong)係(xi)統(tong),這(zhe)個(ge)裝(zhuang)備(bei)總(zong)的(de)來(lai)說(shuo)就(jiu)是(shi)製(zhi)造(zao)機(ji)器(qi)的(de)。它(ta)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)是(shi)工(gong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)基(ji)石(shi),無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)電(dian)場(chang)、飛機、高速鐵路、傳播等都需要高檔數控機床和基礎製造裝備來進行對它的零件進行加工製造。
第二是保證國防工業發展的戰略裝備。西方很多關鍵的設備是不賣給我們的,就是有一些賣給我們,也要實行跟蹤和核查。
第三是高技術產業發展的支撐,無論是航空航天器製造等高技術產業的發展,都需要高檔數控機床與基礎製造裝備作為重要的生產。
第四國家意誌的體現,我國大半個市場份額已經為外商所占有,特別是最困難的時候,是1998年,我們的數控機床市場占有率隻有23%,當dang然ran我wo們men機ji械xie部bu一yi個ge主zhu管guan機ji床chuang的de部bu領ling導dao,曾zeng經jing憂you心xin忡chong忡chong地di說shuo了le這zhe麼me一yi句ju話hua,弄nong不bu好hao我wo們men的de機ji床chuang行xing業ye要yao全quan軍jun覆fu沒mei。所suo以yi發fa展zhan這zhe樣yang一yi個ge產chan業ye,是shi一yi個ge國guo家jia利li益yi的de體ti現xian,應ying該gai是shi國guo家jia的de目mu標biao。
中國的數控機床與基礎製造裝備經過上世紀末和本世紀初的發展,特別是2002到2004年(nian),我(wo)國(guo)連(lian)續(xu)三(san)年(nian)成(cheng)為(wei)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo),經(jing)過(guo)努(nu)力(li),我(wo)國(guo)的(de)機(ji)床(chuang)和(he)基(ji)礎(chu)製(zhi)造(zao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)取(qu)得(de)了(le)長(chang)足(zu)的(de)進(jin)步(bu),國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)占(zhan)有(you)率(lv)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao)。
我要對這兩年來的進展做一些簡要的評述。第一個開發出了一批國家長期依賴進口、受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)國(guo)外(wai)的(de)高(gao)檔(dang)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang),這(zhe)兩(liang)年(nian)來(lai)每(mei)年(nian)開(kai)發(fa)出(chu)國(guo)家(jia)急(ji)需(xu)的(de)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)約(yue)一(yi)百(bai)多(duo)個(ge)。納(na)米(mi)精(jing)密(mi)度(du)的(de)磨(mo)床(chuang),曲(qu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)等(deng)。船(chuan)等(deng)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji),發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)等(deng)驅(qu)動(dong),驅(qu)動(dong)現(xian)在(zai)很(hen)難(nan)買(mai),所(suo)以(yi)你(ni)國(guo)內(nei)要(yao)自(zi)己(ji)加(jia)工(gong)製(zhi)造(zao),這(zhe)個(ge)難(nan)的(de)是(shi)加(jia)工(gong)機(ji)床(chuang)。在(zai)去(qu)年(nian)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)機(ji)床(chuang)展(zhan)上(shang),就(jiu)展(zhan)出(chu)了(le)40台(tai)的(de)五(wu)足(zu)聯(lian)動(dong)的(de)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang),因(yin)為(wei)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)葉(ye)片(pian)的(de)加(jia)工(gong),為(wei)了(le)它(ta)的(de)最(zui)大(da)的(de)效(xiao)益(yi),為(wei)了(le)它(ta)的(de)噪(zao)音(yin)變(bian)得(de)小(xiao),必(bi)須(xu)有(you)曲(qu)麵(mian)的(de)設(she)計(ji),這(zhe)個(ge)設(she)計(ji)必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)五(wu)足(zu)聯(lian)動(dong)。
第二,國內市場占有率明顯提高,2006年我們做了數控機床8.16萬台,國內數控機床的市場占有率一定由2003年的28.1%,我剛才講了98年時候隻有23%,到了2006年的38%。國內市場占有率達到了57.4%,奪回了國內市場的半壁河山,數字市場的占有率突破了50%,數控機床的產量達到了12.33萬台,數量居世界第一。我們隻是數量、台數,我們中高檔還是占的比例比較少,所以價格上還沒有優勢。
第三,一大批企業崛起,這裏最有代表性的就是曾經非常困難的沈陽機床。經過了2006年投資18億(yi)搬(ban)遷(qian)到(dao)了(le)沈(shen)陽(yang)工(gong)業(ye)走(zou)廊(lang)的(de)核(he)心(xin)地(di)帶(dai),建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)單(dan)體(ti)規(gui)模(mo)最(zui)大(da)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)機(ji)床(chuang)製(zhi)造(zao)機(ji),一(yi)年(nian)可(ke)以(yi)產(chan)十(shi)五(wu)萬(wan)台(tai),去(qu)年(nian)的(de)年(nian)產(chan)值(zhi)突(tu)破(po)了(le)一(yi)百(bai)億(yi)。數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)兩(liang)萬(wan)台(tai),沈(shen)陽(yang)機(ji)床(chuang)和(he)大(da)連(lian)機(ji)床(chuang)雙(shuang)雙(shuang)躋(ji)身(shen)世(shi)界(jie)機(ji)床(chuang)行(xing)業(ye)。像(xiang)廣(guang)州(zhou)數(shu)控(kong)公(gong)司(si),去(qu)年(nian)數(shu)控(kong)係(xi)統(tong)超(chao)過(guo)了(le)五(wu)萬(wan)台(tai),在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)從(cong)數(shu)量(liang)上(shang)也(ye)是(shi)處(chu)在(zai)前(qian)列(lie)的(de)。
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所suo以yi有you了le這zhe樣yang一yi個ge應ying用yong示shi範fan工gong程cheng,我wo們men在zai這zhe一yi次ci重zhong大da專zhuan項xiang的de實shi施shi方fang案an裏li麵mian,從cong國guo家jia投tou資zi的de錢qian裏li麵mian,硬ying摳kou出chu來lai了le十shi多duo億yi,用yong於yu將jiang來lai首shou台tai套tao的de示shi範fan工gong程cheng。就jiu是shi你ni買mai國guo產chan的de數shu控kong機ji床chuang的de首shou台tai套tao,或huo者zhe首shou批pi的de數shu控kong器qi,國guo家jia拿na錢qian給gei補bu助zhu。當dang然ran現xian在zai還hai存cun在zai著zhe一yi些xie突tu破po的de問wen題ti,主zhu要yao是shi自zi主zhu開kai發fa能neng力li薄bo弱ruo,功gong能neng部bu件jian,數shu控kong係xi統tong,這zhe種zhong道dao具ju,附fu件jian發fa展zhan滯zhi後hou,產chan品pin的de自zi動dong化hua水shui平ping低di,特te別bie是shi用yong戶hu反fan映ying說shuo你ni的de可ke靠kao性xing,你ni的de基ji礎chu參can數shu還hai可ke以yi,但dan是shi你ni的de可ke靠kao性xing不bu行xing。這zhe些xie突tu出chu的de問wen題ti都dou是shi在zai重zhong大da專zhuan項xiang中zhong要yao解jie決jue的de問wen題ti。
woguanyuzhongdazhuanxiangdeyixiechubukaolvxiangdajiatouluyixia,haibusuanshu,yinweimeilunzhengwan,yekenengyoubianhua,danshiwoxiangbuhuiyoudadedianfuxingdebianhua。zhegezhongdazhuanxiangmanzusigelingyudexuyao。
總體的目標是到2010年(nian)形(xing)成(cheng)高(gao)檔(dang)機(ji)床(chuang)等(deng)主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)開(kai)發(fa)能(neng)力(li)進(jin)入(ru)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)行(xing)列(lie),部(bu)分(fen)產(chan)品(pin)處(chu)於(yu)國(guo)際(ji)領(ling)先(xian),建(jian)立(li)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)部(bu)件(jian)研(yan)發(fa)和(he)配(pei)套(tao)能(neng)力(li),形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)企(qi)業(ye)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti),產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)結(jie)合(he),培(pei)養(yang)高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)的(de)研(yan)發(fa)隊(dui)伍(wu),發(fa)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)高(gao)檔(dang)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)與(yu)基(ji)礎(chu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)。
關guan於yu技ji術shu路lu線xian,研yan究jiu用yong戶hu工gong藝yi,融rong入ru信xin息xi技ji術shu,推tui行xing數shu字zi製zhi造zao,以yi功gong能neng部bu件jian為wei基ji礎chu,以yi共gong性xing技ji術shu為wei支zhi持chi。在zai這zhe個ge技ji術shu路lu線xian裏li,我wo想xiang特te別bie強qiang調tiao兩liang點dian,第di一yi個ge強qiang調tiao研yan究jiu用yong戶hu工gong藝yi,強qiang調tiao了le產chan學xue研yan用yong的de結jie合he,因yin為wei如ru果guo我wo們men不bu熟shu悉xi用yong戶hu的de工gong藝yi,你ni這zhe個ge機ji床chuang設she計ji出chu來lai,就jiu很hen難nan滿man足zu用yong戶hu的de用yong途tu,這zhe一yi點dian非fei常chang重zhong要yao。再zai一yi個ge特te別bie強qiang調tiao的de,要yao以yi零ling部bu件jian為wei基ji礎chu,我wo們men現xian在zai的de數shu控kong係xi統tong,我wo們men的de一yi些xie道dao具ju,我wo們men的de一yi些xie附fu件jian,這zhe些xie的de落luo後hou比bi起qi主zhu機ji更geng落luo後hou。所suo以yi這zhe次ci在zai這zhe個ge重zhong大da專zhuan項xiang裏li麵mian特te別bie強qiang調tiao了le,供gong零ling部bu件jian這zhe塊kuai,在zai投tou資zi上shang,在zai項xiang目mu的de安an排pai上shang,都dou作zuo為wei一yi個ge重zhong點dian。即ji使shi這zhe樣yang,在zai論lun證zheng的de時shi候hou,包bao括kuo我wo們men這zhe個ge胡hu總zong,還hai有you其qi他ta一yi些xie專zhuan家jia,還hai是shi一yi再zai指zhi出chu,你ni這zhe個ge數shu控kong係xi統tong,供gong應ying部bu件jian安an排pai的de力li度du不bu夠gou,所suo以yi每mei論lun證zheng一yi次ci提ti高gao一yi次ci。所suo以yi在zai座zuo的de企qi業ye,你ni們men還hai想xiang介jie入ru這zhe個ge行xing業ye的de話hua,我wo勸quan你ni們men不bu一yi定ding奔ben機ji床chuang主zhu機ji了le,可ke以yi奔ben功gong能neng部bu件jian,這zhe是shi當dang前qian更geng薄bo弱ruo的de一yi個ge環huan節jie。
這zhe個ge專zhuan項xiang包bao括kuo了le主zhu機ji要yao重zhong點dian開kai發fa八ba類lei五wu十shi七qi個ge產chan品pin,數shu控kong係xi統tong有you七qi項xiang,共gong性xing技ji術shu研yan究jiu及ji標biao準zhun技ji術shu規gui範fan的de研yan究jiu有you十shi二er項xiang,創chuang新xin平ping台tai的de建jian設she有you十shi四si項xiang,這zhe是shi整zheng個ge總zong計ji六liu個ge方fang麵mian的de重zhong點dian任ren務wu。
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最後我簡要說幾句,今年由於國際金融危機,國內宏觀調控,對機床和基礎製造裝備總體的發展帶來一些變化。
zongdebianhuarengranbaochigaoweidezengchang,danzengsuhuiluoledayueshiduogebaifendian,duizhongdiduandeshichangxuqiudafuduxiajiang,danshichukouzengchanghaishimingxiandejiakuai,waimaonichajianshao,1至5月份,比同期減少了8%。1至5月份同比增長10%,高於國內的平均水平。
最zui後hou我wo想xiang國guo家jia和he全quan社she會hui的de高gao度du重zhong視shi,帶dai來lai了le產chan業ye的de快kuai速su發fa展zhan,可ke以yi預yu見jian,十shi年nian後hou,中zhong國guo高gao檔dang數shu控kong機ji床chuang與yu基ji礎chu製zhi造zao裝zhuang備bei會hui處chu於yu世shi界jie領ling先xian行xing業ye,我wo們men航hang空kong航hang天tian、船舶、發電行業80%你可以信任地采用國貨,謝謝。