中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會指定宣傳媒體
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地震勘探的資料采集儀器儀表自動化技術展望

http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-07 09:19:14 來源:中國自動化儀表網

  fanhuidimiandedizhenboxiedaizhehenduoyudicengxingzhiyouguandexinxi,liyongzhexiexinxijiukeyizhidaodixiadicengdegaodiqifuqingkuang,tamenshiyingdicenghaishiruandiceng,qihouduruhe,kongxizhongsuohandeshishiyou、是shi天tian然ran氣qi或huo是shi水shui,等deng等deng。要yao得de到dao這zhe些xie陸lu續xu從cong地di下xia返fan回hui的de地di震zhen波bo並bing將jiang其qi展zhan示shi出chu來lai絕jue非fei易yi事shi,這zhe首shou先xian需xu要yao到dao野ye外wai將jiang這zhe些xie信xin息xi采cai集ji回hui來lai,也ye就jiu是shi野ye外wai地di震zhen資zi料liao采cai集ji。

  地震資料采集包括測量→鑽淺井孔埋炸藥(在使用炸藥震源時)→埋檢波器→buzhidianlanxianzhiyiqichejigegongxu。celiangderenwushidinghaocexianjibaozhadianhejieshoudiandeweizhi。zuanjingderenwushizhunbeihaokexiaruzhayaodeqianjing,maizhayaojiushixiangjingzhongfangruzhayao,yizaibaozhahouchanshengchudizhenbo。dizhenboyuyancengjiemianfanshehuilaibeijianboqijieshoubingchuandaoyiqiche,yiqichejiangjianboqichuanlaidexinhaojiluxialai,zhejiuhuodeleyongyiyanjiudixiayouqimaizangqingkuangdedizhenjilu。

  地(di)震(zhen)資(zi)料(liao)采(cai)集(ji)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)主(zhu)要(yao)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)采(cai)集(ji)設(she)備(bei)的(de)進(jin)步(bu)上(shang)。早(zao)期(qi)的(de)地(di)震(zhen)儀(yi)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)子(zi)管(guan)元(yuan)件(jian),體(ti)積(ji)大(da)且(qie)笨(ben)重(zhong),用(yong)照(zhao)相(xiang)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)將(jiang)地(di)震(zhen)波(bo)在(zai)地(di)下(xia)的(de)傳(chuan)播(bo)過(guo)程(cheng)用(yong)多(duo)條(tiao)線(xian)記(ji)錄(lu)在(zai)相(xiang)紙(zhi)上(shang)。這(zhe)些(xie)線(xian)時(shi)而(er)雜(za)亂(luan)無(wu)章(zhang),時(shi)而(er)又(you)呈(cheng)一(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)一(yi)起(qi)向(xiang)上(shang)跳(tiao)(稱波峰)和一起向下跌(稱波穀)的(de)曲(qu)線(xian)。這(zhe)些(xie)線(xian)組(zu)成(cheng)光(guang)點(dian)地(di)震(zhen)記(ji)錄(lu)。在(zai)記(ji)錄(lu)上(shang),人(ren)們(men)隻(zhi)能(neng)惟(wei)一(yi)利(li)用(yong)地(di)震(zhen)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)反(fan)射(she)時(shi)間(jian),由(you)手(shou)工(gong)畫(hua)圖(tu)以(yi)推(tui)斷(duan)地(di)下(xia)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)構(gou)造(zao)形(xing)態(tai)。運(yun)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa),我(wo)國(guo)曾(zeng)發(fa)現(xian)克(ke)拉(la)瑪(ma)依(yi)油(you)田(tian)和(he)大(da)慶(qing)油(you)田(tian)。

  從20世紀60niandaikaishi,zhongguodizhencaijishebeiyinrudianzijisuanji,dangshizhizaodemonicidaidizhenjieshouyisuiranyingyongshijianbuchang,dantadekezhongfuxingguanceweiduocifugaijishudefazhanchuangzaoletiaojian。duocifugaijiushiduidixiatongyididuanyouzhijinxingyiciguancededanciguancejishubianweijinxingduocizhongfuxingguancededuociguancejishu。zhexiangjishugemingdadatigaoledizhenziliaozhiliangjijiejuedizhiwentidenengli。zaizhegeshiqifaxianlehuabeiderenqiuyoutianhebohaiwandengyoutian。

  中國從20世紀70年nian代dai開kai始shi使shi用yong數shu字zi記ji錄lu接jie收shou儀yi,采cai集ji方fang法fa上shang除chu繼ji續xu延yan用yong多duo次ci覆fu蓋gai技ji術shu外wai還hai開kai發fa了le提ti高gao勘kan探tan準zhun確que性xing的de三san維wei地di震zhen勘kan探tan技ji術shu。在zai此ci期qi間jian,除chu擴kuo大da了le渤bo海hai灣wan油you田tian的de儲chu量liang外wai,還hai發fa現xian了le新xin疆jiang塔ta裏li木mu的de大da氣qi田tian。

  現在,采集設備開始采用遙控、遙測、多道(現已發展到千道以上)dizhenyi。caijifangfachucaiyongsanweidizhenjigenggaofugaicishuguancedefangfawaihaikaifalenenggenghaodijiejuefuzagouzaodengdizhiwentidegaofenbianlvhehengbodizhenkantanjishu。

  目前,海洋地震發展也很快,已全部采用非炸藥震源進行工作,勘探精度也隨著衛星導航係統及一係列新技術的應用而大為提高。

  中國地震勘探工作雖然比發達國家開始的晚,但經過近20niandebuxienuli,dizhencaijidejuedaduoshuzhuangbeibujinnengzijizhizaoyimanzuguoneidizhenkantandexuyao,erqiehaidaruguojishichang,zhongguodedizhencaijijishushuipingyijishenguojixianjinxinglie。

  

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