http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 08:32:21 來源:中國能源報

近jin期qi,天tian然ran氣qi發fa電dian設she備bei維wei修xiu成cheng本ben過guo高gao備bei受shou業ye內nei熱re議yi。打da破po壟long斷duan,實shi現xian設she備bei國guo產chan化hua成cheng為wei能neng源yuan裝zhuang備bei領ling域yu的de發fa展zhan期qi許xu。今jin年nian上shang半ban年nian,中zhong國guo質zhi量liang協xie會hui發fa布bu的de2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、chengtaohuafazhandequshixia,peitaojichujianduanbanxiaoyingyuelaiyuemingxian,guanjianlingbujianyilaijinkou,guowaishebeijituanlongduan,chengweiwoguozhizaoyezuoqiangzuodaderuanlei。zaijingjishang,waishangzonghuiqiezhongyaohaidetaigaoguanjianlingbujianjiage,shidezhuangbeizhizaoyerengshouzhiyuguowai。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
據(ju)記(ji)者(zhe)了(le)解(jie),目(mu)前(qian)與(yu)國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)相(xiang)比(bi),國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)的(de)最(zui)大(da)優(you)勢(shi)還(hai)是(shi)在(zai)於(yu)價(jia)格(ge),一(yi)般(ban)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)的(de)價(jia)格(ge)僅(jin)為(wei)進(jin)口(kou)同(tong)類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)二(er)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)或(huo)三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),高(gao)檔(dang)次(ci)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)與(yu)國(guo)外(wai)同(tong)類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)相(xiang)比(bi)價(jia)格(ge)差(cha)距(ju)更(geng)大(da),部(bu)分(fen)設(she)備(bei)已(yi)經(jing)完(wan)全(quan)實(shi)現(xian)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)。但(dan)即(ji)便(bian)如(ru)此(ci),國(guo)內(nei)的(de)采(cai)購(gou)用(yong)戶(hu)卻(que)仍(reng)以(yi)各(ge)種(zhong)借(jie)口(kou)拒(ju)絕(jue)使(shi)用(yong),或(huo)者(zhe)人(ren)為(wei)設(she)置(zhi)各(ge)種(zhong)障(zhang)礙(ai),增(zeng)加(jia)國(guo)產(chan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)進(jin)入(ru)大(da)型(xing)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)門(men)檻(kan)。還(hai)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)位(wei)在(zai)采(cai)購(gou)設(she)備(bei)時(shi),盲(mang)目(mu)追(zhui)求(qiu)使(shi)用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)先(xian)進(jin)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)設(she)備(bei),既(ji)不(bu)考(kao)慮(lv)性(xing)價(jia)比(bi),也(ye)不(bu)考(kao)慮(lv)國(guo)內(nei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)同(tong)步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)。一(yi)項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)還(hai)沒(mei)有(you)推(tui)廣(guang),又(you)去(qu)追(zhui)求(qiu)其(qi)他(ta)技(ji)術(shu)或(huo)裝(zhuang)備(bei),造(zao)成(cheng)同(tong)類(lei)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)重(zhong)複(fu)引(yin)進(jin)。
記ji者zhe在zai調tiao查zha中zhong,多duo數shu人ren認ren同tong國guo產chan設she備bei在zai市shi場chang采cai購gou中zhong受shou歧qi視shi這zhe一yi現xian實shi。在zai近jin幾ji年nian海hai關guan進jin出chu口kou的de統tong計ji數shu據ju中zhong發fa現xian,隨sui著zhe我wo國guo裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao水shui平ping的de穩wen步bu提ti高gao,重zhong大da裝zhuang備bei的de進jin口kou數shu量liang和he金jin額e卻que並bing未wei減jian少shao,反fan之zhi還hai在zai增zeng加jia。
真zhen的de是shi我wo國guo的de裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin不bu能neng滿man足zu經jing濟ji快kuai速su發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao嗎ma?其qi實shi不bu然ran。一yi名ming從cong事shi設she備bei采cai購gou的de業ye內nei人ren士shi告gao訴su記ji者zhe,目mu前qian阻zu礙ai設she備bei國guo產chan化hua發fa展zhan,國guo內nei的de一yi些xie采cai購gou用yong戶hu有you不bu可ke推tui卸xie的de責ze任ren。例li如ru,在zai設she備bei投tou標biao中zhong這zhe些xie用yong戶hu一yi般ban會hui出chu現xian四si種zhong表biao現xian,第di一yi種zhong,業ye主zhu會hui明ming確que表biao示shi,隻zhi用yong進jin口kou設she備bei,國guo產chan設she備bei免mian談tan,國guo內nei廠chang商shang直zhi接jie吃chi閉bi門men羹geng。第di二er種zhong,業ye主zhu在zai標biao書shu中zhong完wan全quan套tao用yong國guo外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu參can數shu。由you於yu國guo內nei外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu標biao準zhun、參can數shu不bu盡jin相xiang同tong,使shi參can加jia招zhao投tou標biao的de國guo內nei廠chang家jia無wu所suo適shi從cong,根gen本ben不bu可ke能neng中zhong標biao。第di三san種zhong,業ye主zhu的de采cai購gou標biao書shu隻zhi賣mai給gei國guo外wai廠chang商shang。第di四si種zhong,業ye主zhu幹gan脆cui在zai標biao書shu中zhong直zhi接jie指zhi定ding采cai購gou某mou國guo公gong司si的de某mou種zhong產chan品pin。
yiweishiyouzhuanjiabiaoshi,jinshinianlai,woguodaxingshiyoushebeiyijingzhongfujinkouduotao,jiumuqianwomenzhuangbeizhizaoxingyedeshejihezhizaoshuipinglaishuo,yijingjubeishengchannenglile。danshi,guoneiyixieyonghurengshiyilaoyanguanglaikandaiguochanshebei,yitiguochan,jiuyoumomingdegulv,buyuanshiyongguochanshebei,guojiahualedaliangzijinyinjinjishu,zhizaoqiyexiaohuaxishouhouyekaifalexuduoxinchanpin,danwangwangyinmeiyouyituogongchengerdebudaoyanzheng,huobeiyonghuyimeiyouyunxingyejiweiyouboduotoubiaozige,shiwomenzhizaozhuangbeiqiyemeiyoushijiandejihui。chanpinruguomeiyoushijiandejihui,jishuyejiumeiyoudedaogaijindejihui。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
即ji使shi國guo內nei產chan品pin做zuo得de不bu好hao也ye要yao嚐chang試shi去qu用yong,發fa現xian問wen題ti,從cong而er改gai進jin。這zhe一yi點dian,在zai韓han國guo就jiu有you典dian型xing的de例li子zi。其qi國guo人ren的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie體ti現xian在zai每mei個ge國guo人ren身shen上shang。有you媒mei體ti報bao道dao,韓han國guo明ming星xing金jin喜xi善shan曾zeng被bei邀yao請qing到dao中zhong國guo來lai參can加jia商shang業ye活huo動dong,金jin喜xi善shan發fa現xian車che隊dui中zhong沒mei有you韓han國guo車che,就jiu拒ju絕jue乘cheng坐zuo德de國guo進jin口kou車che離li開kai。金jin喜xi善shan說shuo自zi己ji是shi韓han國guo人ren,就jiu應ying該gai坐zuo本ben國guo車che。前qian蘇su聯lian也ye是shi如ru此ci,國guo人ren普pu遍bian有you濃nong厚hou的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie。而er事shi實shi證zheng明ming裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin隻zhi有you經jing過guo"用",才能變得越來越好。
中(zhong)國(guo)機(ji)械(xie)工(gong)業(ye)聯(lian)合(he)會(hui)原(yuan)總(zong)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)隋(sui)永(yong)濱(bin)指(zhi)出(chu),振(zhen)興(xing)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)任(ren)重(zhong)道(dao)遠(yuan),是(shi)一(yi)項(xiang)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)部(bu)署(shu)和(he)安(an)排(pai),雖(sui)然(ran)國(guo)家(jia)已(yi)經(jing)出(chu)台(tai)相(xiang)關(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua),但(dan)未(wei)來(lai)5年(nian)內(nei),中(zhong)國(guo)重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)行(xing)業(ye)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)打(da)造(zao)出(chu)幾(ji)個(ge)大(da)集(ji)團(tuan),形(xing)成(cheng)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)特(te)色(se),在(zai)關(guan)鍵(jian)裝(zhuang)備(bei)方(fang)麵(mian)實(shi)現(xian)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua),裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)真(zhen)正(zheng)意(yi)義(yi)的(de)振(zhen)興(xing)仍(reng)將(jiang)遙(yao)遙(yao)無(wu)期(qi)。故(gu)而(er),相(xiang)關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)該(gai)時(shi)刻(ke)把(ba)握(wo)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)脈(mai)搏(bo),樹(shu)立(li)集(ji)團(tuan)作(zuo)戰(zhan)的(de)意(yi)識(shi);相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
在zai經jing濟ji全quan球qiu化hua的de今jin天tian,很hen多duo跨kua國guo公gong司si選xuan擇ze在zai海hai外wai投tou資zi建jian立li生sheng產chan製zhi造zao基ji地di。目mu前qian很hen多duo外wai資zi企qi業ye在zai華hua建jian廠chang。國guo內nei用yong戶hu買mai的de是shi合he資zi企qi業ye的de產chan品pin,雖sui然ran這zhe些xie產chan品pin都dou是shi在zai國guo內nei生sheng產chan,但dan其qi80%delingbujianshicongguowaidemuchangjinkoude,zhexiechanpinguochanhuadejishuhanliangjihumeiyou,erzhezhongchanpinzaimuqianshichangzhongyouzhanjuzhexiangdangdadebizhong,wuxingzhongjizhanleguoneizhuangbeizhizaochanpindefazhankongjian。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
duiyuyonghueryan,xiwanggoumaideshebeizhiliangyouliang,jishuxianjin,zhedouwukehoufei。dangran,guoneiqiyezaituijinguochanhuadedaolushangyecunzaixuduozhiliangshangdewenti,danbunengyincifourenqiqudedeguochanhuachengji,huaiyiqiguochanhuadeshuiping,jujuedajianpingtai、給(gei)予(yu)展(zhan)現(xian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。從(cong)某(mou)種(zhong)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)而(er)言(yan),作(zuo)為(wei)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)上(shang)下(xia)遊(you)關(guan)係(xi),用(yong)戶(hu)和(he)裝(zhuang)備(bei)業(ye)如(ru)同(tong)唇(chun)齒(chi),存(cun)在(zai)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),一(yi)榮(rong)俱(ju)榮(rong),一(yi)損(sun)俱(ju)損(sun)。因(yin)此(ci),若(ruo)想(xiang)做(zuo)強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye),實(shi)現(xian)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)強(qiang)國(guo)之(zhi)夢(meng),加(jia)速(su)推(tui)進(jin)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng),實(shi)現(xian)其(qi)自(zi)主(zhu)化(hua)創(chuang)新(xin),是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。