編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)
，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)
，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   dangjinxunihuajishuyijingshentoudaoshehuiguanjianxingyehexinjisuanyewuzhong，xunihuadechuxiangaibianlechuantongdedanyijisuanjijiagou，xunihuadegaokeyongxinghekuaisuqianyitexingyouxiaobaozhengleguanjianxitongdejisuanjiyewulianxu，youxiaojiangdileyoujisuanjiguzhangdaozhideyewuzhongduan，jiangsunshijiangdaozuidi。xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing
，jiangdiyouyugongkongzhujisunhuaidaozhideyewuzhongduan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang
，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng
，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMM軟(ruan)件(jian)能(neng)夠(gou)改(gai)進(jin)純(chun)軟(ruan)件(jian)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。由(you)於(yu)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)硬(ying)件(jian)可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)架(jia)構(gou)，支(zhi)持(chi)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)直(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)上(shang)麵(mian)運(yun)行(xing)
，從(cong)而(er)無(wu)需(xu)進(jin)行(xing)二(er)進(jin)製(zhi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)開(kai)銷(xiao)，極(ji)大(da)簡(jian)化(hua)了(le)VMM設計
，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing
，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo
，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   工gong控kong機ji是shi專zhuan門men為wei工gong業ye現xian場chang而er設she計ji的de計ji算suan機ji，工gong業ye現xian場chang一yi般ban具ju有you強qiang烈lie的de震zhen動dong，灰hui塵chen特te別bie多duo，另ling有you很hen高gao的de電dian磁ci場chang力li幹gan擾rao等deng特te點dian，且qie一yi般ban工gong廠chang均jun是shi連lian續xu作zuo業ye即ji一yi年nian中zhong一yi般ban沒mei有you休xiu息xi
，在zai惡e劣lie條tiao件jian下xia影ying響xiang工gong控kong主zhu機ji效xiao能neng的de不bu單dan單dan是shi其qi使shi用yong壽shou命ming

，對dui於yu關guan鍵jian性xing業ye務wu來lai講jiang確que保bao業ye務wu的de穩wen定ding性xing和he連lian續xu性xing顯xian得de格ge外wai重zhong要yao，使shi用yong虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou主zhu要yao在zai於yu虛xu擬ni化hua的de操cao作zuo係xi統tong僅jin僅jin是shi以yi文wen件jian形xing式shi存cun在zai
，包bao括kuo內nei存cun的de鏡jing像xiang等deng，在zai發fa生sheng災zai難nan情qing況kuang下xia可ke以yi做zuo到dao零ling毫hao秒miao快kuai速su無wu縫feng切qie換huan，所suo以yi在zai關guan鍵jian業ye務wu應ying用yong場chang所suo保bao障zhang了le業ye務wu的de連lian續xu可ke靠kao。

   調tiao查zha統tong計ji發fa現xian，百bai分fen之zhi八ba十shi以yi上shang工gong控kong機ji事shi故gu都dou是shi由you於yu操cao作zuo係xi統tong不bu穩wen定ding造zao成cheng，影ying響xiang係xi統tong穩wen定ding的de因yin素su有you很hen多duo包bao括kuo電dian磁ci幹gan擾rao等deng間jian接jie因yin素su，如ru何he保bao證zheng主zhu機ji係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding可ke靠kao成cheng為wei防fang範fan的de重zhong點dian，充chong分fen利li用yong虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke以yi有you效xiao的de保bao證zheng操cao作zuo係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding

，工gong控kong機ji當dang中zhong部bu署shu的de是shi裸luo金jin屬shu架jia構gou的de企qi業ye版ban虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou，之zhi上shang再zai部bu署shu操cao作zuo係xi統tong和he控kong製zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu，通tong過guo翻fan譯yi對dui接jie確que保bao底di層ceng應ying用yong的de穩wen定ding性xing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用
，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou

，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong
，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此
，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、使shi用yong
，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong
，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji

，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji
，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang
，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben
，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。