http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 05:54:30 來源:招商銀行研究 王寶權
受肺炎疫情突發影響,全國各地先後出台延遲複工安排。湖北省放假延至2月13日,北京、上海、重慶、湖南、河南、山東、安徽、廣東、江蘇等地假期延長至2月9日。鍾南山院士判斷本次疫情影響時間短於SARS,我們據此預期延遲複工影響將主要集中於一季度。
benciyiqingduijingjiyalixianeryijian,duiyouyidingnizhouqishuxingqiechukouzhanbibugaodegaoduanzhuangbeizhizaoyelaishuoyingxiangyouxian,womenrenwei,zaigaoduanzhuangbeizhizaozilingyuzhong,nizhouqishuxingjiaoqiangdeguofanggongyeheguidaojiaotongzhuangbeilingyushouyingxiangjiaoxiao;作為經濟二階導的自動化裝備行業受影響最大,或成為景氣度回升最慢的高端裝備子領域;工程機械受益於下遊行業的逆周期調節能力,短期受一定衝擊,但全年景氣度無憂。
一、自動化裝備:短期受疫情衝擊最大,長期或提升需求轉化率
我們認為自動化裝備(數控機床、機器人和激光器等)shishoudaociciyiqingyingxiangzuidadegaoduanzhuangbeixifenzilingyu,zhuyaozaiyuzidonghuazhuangbeixingyedejingqiduyuxiayouzhizaoyexuqiujinmixiangguan,youqishiyingyongzhanbizuigaodeqichehe3C領域。
短期來看,本次疫情所造成的複工推遲將大麵積影響到各製造行業的景氣度。此外,湖北、廣東、浙江、河南、江蘇等疫情較為嚴重的省份是我國汽車和3C領ling域yu比bi較jiao集ji中zhong和he發fa達da地di區qu,將jiang進jin一yi步bu惡e化hua自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei企qi業ye下xia遊you需xu求qiu。由you於yu多duo為wei訂ding單dan式shi生sheng產chan,在zai手shou訂ding單dan難nan以yi按an時shi完wan成cheng會hui同tong行xing業ye下xia遊you需xu求qiu惡e化hua將jiang給gei行xing業ye企qi業ye帶dai來lai一yi定ding的de現xian金jin流liu壓ya力li,尤you其qi是shi中zhong小xiao企qi業ye。疊die加jia自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei出chu口kou受shou到dao限xian製zhi等deng影ying響xiang,我wo們men預yu計ji一yi季ji度du自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei相xiang關guan企qi業ye麵mian臨lin的de現xian金jin流liu壓ya力li較jiao大da,自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei行xing業ye作zuo為wei經jing濟ji的de二er階jie導dao,其qi現xian金jin流liu的de壓ya力li可ke能neng延yan續xu到dao二er季ji度du。
長期來看,本次疫情有望促進自動化設備中機器人更多地走進服務場景,尤其是在體感檢測、配送、送餐、消毒殺菌、醫療、手術等場景中,機器人可以有效的替代人員進行作業,減少和降低不必要的風險;tongshiduiyuzidonghuazhuangbeitourujiaodadeqiyezaimiancileiwentishishoudaodeyingxiangzexiangduijiaoxiao,laodonglimijixingchanyeduiyuzidonghuazhuangbeidetourudeyouyuexingdeyitixian,zhehuojiangdailaiqiyeduiyuzidonghuatourutaidushangdebufenzhuanbian,zidonghuazhuangbeideqianzaixuqiuzhuanhualvhouxuyouwangshangyitaijie。
二、國防工業:受影響最小的高端裝備子行業
國guo防fang工gong業ye仍reng然ran具ju備bei一yi定ding的de計ji劃hua經jing濟ji色se彩cai,由you政zheng府fu主zhu導dao,景jing氣qi度du與yu軍jun費fei規gui模mo高gao度du相xiang關guan,將jiang是shi受shou本ben次ci疫yi情qing影ying響xiang最zui小xiao的de高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao子zi領ling域yu。中zhong國guo正zheng處chu於yu國guo防fang現xian代dai化hua、信息化建設的關鍵時期,存在巨大的裝備換裝與補足需求,軍費已保持多年高速增長。2020年是十三五收官之年,考慮以往五年計劃“前低後高”的規律以及軍改後的訂單恢複性增長,本年度軍費將繼續保持高增速。
從國防工業需求端來看,疫情並不會減少軍費規模與裝備需求;供(gong)給(gei)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)節(jie)奏(zou)將(jiang)受(shou)到(dao)複(fu)工(gong)延(yan)遲(chi)影(ying)響(xiang),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)和(he)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)等(deng)上(shang)遊(you)環(huan)節(jie)。參(can)照(zhao)國(guo)防(fang)工(gong)業(ye)全(quan)行(xing)業(ye)曆(li)史(shi)季(ji)度(du)生(sheng)產(chan)數(shu)據(ju),一(yi)季(ji)度(du)生(sheng)產(chan)僅(jin)為(wei)全(quan)年(nian)的(de)15%左zuo右you,我wo們men認ren為wei疫yi情qing影ying響xiang主zhu要yao集ji中zhong在zai一yi季ji度du,對dui國guo防fang工gong業ye生sheng產chan影ying響xiang有you限xian,即ji使shi一yi季ji度du生sheng產chan任ren務wu相xiang對dui較jiao重zhong的de上shang遊you環huan節jie在zai複fu工gong後hou經jing過guo生sheng產chan節jie奏zou調tiao整zheng亦yi可ke彌mi補bu前qian期qi缺que口kou。
三、軌道交通裝備:短期受複工推遲影響,全年將保持高景氣度
軌道交通裝備市場主要由政府主導,景氣度與全國鐵路投資額高度相關。據2020年全國交通運輸工作會議消息,本年度全國計劃完成鐵路投資8000億元,高於2018年的7320億元,略低於2019年8029億元。軌道交通裝備市場有望保持高景氣度。
目前我國鐵路投資持續6000億yi以yi上shang投tou資zi約yue十shi年nian左zuo右you,軌gui道dao交jiao通tong裝zhuang備bei需xu求qiu仍reng由you新xin增zeng需xu求qiu主zhu導dao。疫yi情qing對dui全quan年nian新xin開kai通tong軌gui道dao交jiao通tong裏li程cheng的de影ying響xiang將jiang構gou成cheng軌gui道dao交jiao通tong裝zhuang備bei需xu求qiu端duan重zhong要yao影ying響xiang因yin子zi。我wo們men認ren為wei若ruo疫yi情qing如ru預yu期qi得de到dao控kong製zhi,考kao慮lv到dao鐵tie路lu項xiang目mu逆ni周zhou期qi調tiao節jie發fa力li,軌gui道dao交jiao通tong裝zhuang備bei全quan年nian需xu求qiu景jing氣qi度du有you望wang維wei持chi在zai高gao位wei。從cong生sheng產chan端duan看kan,一yi季ji度du是shi軌gui交jiao裝zhuang備bei企qi業ye傳chuan統tong淡dan季ji,占zhan比bi不bu足zu20%,對全年訂單交付能力影響有限,我們對全年訂單交付能力保持樂觀。
四、工程機械:短期下行不可避免,對全年景氣度保持相對樂觀
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