在zai國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji蔓man延yan
，世shi界jie經jing濟ji形xing勢shi複fu雜za多duo變bian的de環huan境jing下xia
，各ge國guo正zheng致zhi力li於yu通tong過guo調tiao整zheng產chan業ye結jie構gou，應ying對dui金jin融rong危wei機ji的de挑tiao戰zhan
，恢hui複fu經jing濟ji增zeng長chang的de動dong力li。與yu此ci同tong時shi
，中zhong國guo也ye正zheng通tong過guo積ji極ji的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin優you化hua產chan業ye結jie構gou與yu布bu局ju，擺bai脫tuo金jin融rong危wei機ji的de束shu縛fu，保bao持chi經jing濟ji持chi續xu

、健康和快速發展。2009nianzhongyangjingjigongzuohuiyitebiezhichuyaocongzhiduanpairushou，yinshilidaoyindaoguojichanyeyouxudixiangbenguozhuanyi
，yishirangwomenchongfenliyongjinrongweijiyinzhidequanqiuchanyejiegoutiaozhengheguojifengongzhongzudelishiqiji，xiyinkejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexiandaixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyi
，tuidongwoguochanyejiegoudeyouhuayushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidelishijiyu

　　guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui，cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou
，yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan，zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。

　　一方麵
，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展，資本、技ji術shu和he勞lao動dong力li等deng生sheng產chan要yao素su在zai市shi場chang機ji製zhi的de作zuo用yong下xia全quan球qiu流liu動dong與yu組zu合he配pei置zhi
，催cui促cu著zhe一yi國guo或huo地di區qu內nei部bu的de產chan業ye向xiang具ju有you比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de地di區qu轉zhuan移yi
，但dan是shi
，由you於yu發fa達da國guo家jia比bi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia表biao現xian出chu較jiao高gao的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping和he較jiao強qiang的de科ke技ji力li量liang，使shi得de它ta們men在zai世shi界jie分fen工gong體ti係xi和he利li益yi分fen配pei格ge局ju中zhong占zhan據ju主zhu導dao地di位wei。他ta們men將jiang資zi源yuan消xiao耗hao和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran水shui平ping高gao、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi，yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie
，yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner
，youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye，guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie，daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng，yiner
，jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou，birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong
，jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi，youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。

　　另ling一yi方fang麵mian，金jin融rong危wei機ji為wei中zhong國guo引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi創chuang造zao了le主zhu觀guan的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu。改gai革ge開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian的de曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming

，中zhong國guo成cheng功gong的de製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing有you效xiao地di促cu進jin了le經jing濟ji結jie構gou的de優you化hua和he經jing濟ji增zeng長chang方fang式shi的de轉zhuan變bian，產chan生sheng了le“經濟增長奇跡”
，極ji大da地di縮suo小xiao了le與yu發fa達da國guo家jia的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan差cha距ju。即ji使shi國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji席xi卷juan全quan球qiu，致zhi使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo經jing濟ji下xia滑hua，中zhong國guo雖sui然ran也ye無wu一yi例li外wai地di不bu能neng幸xing免mian，然ran而er，正zheng當dang世shi界jie各ge國guo致zhi力li於yu尋xun找zhao金jin融rong危wei機ji的de應ying對dui之zhi策ce時shi，中zhong國guo憑ping借jie對dui外wai開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian所suo積ji累lei的de物wu質zhi基ji礎chu和he及ji時shi有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai，率lv先xian走zou出chu了le金jin融rong危wei機ji的de陰yin霾mai，使shi得de發fa達da國guo家jia的de跨kua國guo公gong司si在zai麵mian臨lin本ben土tu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying環huan境jing惡e化hua時shi


，重zhong新xin審shen視shi中zhong國guo的de生sheng產chan成cheng本ben和he交jiao易yi成cheng本ben優you勢shi所suo帶dai來lai的de生sheng產chan和he經jing營ying環huan境jing的de改gai善shan。此ci時shi
，中zhong國guo有you可ke能neng依yi靠kao製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing所suo累lei積ji的de經jing驗yan
，進jin一yi步bu調tiao整zheng政zheng策ce和he創chuang新xin製zhi度du，創chuang造zao產chan業ye升sheng級ji的de新xin環huan境jing，主zhu動dong引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi

，並bing在zai本ben國guo培pei育yu完wan整zheng的de產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian，優you化hua產chan業ye的de空kong間jian布bu局ju，推tui動dong產chan業ye結jie構gou升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin

　　zhongguozuoweizhengchuyugongyehuajinchengzhongdeshijieshangzuidadefazhanzhongguojia
，yaoqiaojiejinrongweijidelishijiyu
，jiakuaixiandaigongyehuajincheng
，shixiandaguodejingjiganchao
，biranxuyaotongguozhiduchuangxinyindaoguojixianjinchanyehechanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyilaishixian。weici
，womenyouzhenduixingditichuyindaoguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyidezhengcetiaozhenghezhiduchuangxin：

　　第di一yi，提ti高gao投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de差cha異yi化hua程cheng度du，破po除chu無wu形xing的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce壁bi壘lei。為wei了le承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi，對dui不bu同tong地di區qu承cheng接jie不bu同tong產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce應ying盡jin可ke能neng差cha別bie對dui待dai，並bing增zeng強qiang投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de透tou明ming度du
，消xiao除chu政zheng策ce性xing歧qi視shi。一yi方fang麵mian，由you於yu中zhong國guo各ge地di區qu資zi源yuan稟bing賦fu
、技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)存(cun)在(zai)差(cha)異(yi)
，國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)時(shi)
，應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)給(gei)予(yu)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)性(xing)，采(cai)取(qu)國(guo)家(jia)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)指(zhi)導(dao)原(yuan)則(ze)
，各(ge)地(di)區(qu)依(yi)據(ju)此(ci)原(yuan)則(ze)結(jie)合(he)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)
，差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)鼓(gu)勵(li)、限(xian)製(zhi)和(he)禁(jin)止(zhi)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)
，地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)應(ying)加(jia)快(kuai)清(qing)理(li)與(yu)降(jiang)低(di)投(tou)資(zi)壁(bi)壘(lei)和(he)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)原(yuan)則(ze)不(bu)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)規(gui)章(zhang)
，並(bing)逐(zhu)步(bu)廢(fei)除(chu)一(yi)些(xie)與(yu)促(cu)進(jin)投(tou)資(zi)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)規(gui)則(ze)相(xiang)衝(chong)突(tu)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)，且(qie)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善(shan)促(cu)進(jin)不(bu)同(tong)地(di)區(qu)各(ge)類(lei)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)的(de)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)規(gui)則(ze)，同(tong)時(shi)
，還(hai)應(ying)加(jia)強(qiang)投(tou)資(zi)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)對(dui)外(wai)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)，及(ji)時(shi)對(dui)外(wai)公(gong)布(bu)鼓(gu)勵(li)、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　dier
，tiaozhengshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi
，zengqiangshuishouzhengcedexiangduiyouxiaoxing。shuishouzhengcefanyinglezhengfuduiqiyeyugerenshouyidezhengshuishuiping
，yinci
，shuishouzhengceyizhishizuoweishijiegeguoyindaochanyezibenliuxiangdezhongyaoshouduan。weiletigaoguojixianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjiedezhuanyixiaolv，yingyijudiqutezhenghechanyedetexing，caiquduoyanghuadeshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。yifangmian，yingshishidiyijudiquhechanyezhengcedexuyao，xietiaocaiyonggezhongshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。youyujianjieshuishouyouhuifangshinengduitouzizhouqichang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此，應逐步采取以加速折舊、虧(kui)損(sun)彌(mi)補(bu)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)，促(cu)進(jin)資(zi)本(ben)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)密(mi)集(ji)型(xing)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)特(te)性(xing)製(zhi)定(ding)細(xi)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)
，並(bing)在(zai)地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)間(jian)
、xingyezhijianheshengchanhuanjiezhijiantixianshuishouzhengceyouhuidexiangduiyouxiaoxing。duiyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyehuoshengchanhuanjie，kefuyuxiangduiyuqitachanyehuoshengchanhuanjiegengweiyouhoudeshuishouyouhui
，tongshi，weileguliluohoudiquxiyinchanyezhuanyi
，keshidanghuodexiangduiyujingjifadadiqueryangengweiyouhoudeshuishouzhengce，yitigaoshuishouyouhuizhengcezaijingjiluohoudiqudexiangduiyouxiaoxing。

　　第三
，創新商業交易製度
，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立
、變bian更geng與yu退tui出chu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying活huo動dong的de授shou權quan與yu彙hui報bao程cheng序xu。首shou先xian，可ke以yi嚐chang試shi由you中zhong央yang部bu委wei出chu台tai各ge地di區qu審shen批pi外wai資zi企qi業ye的de原yuan則ze，並bing在zai各ge個ge級ji別bie的de行xing政zheng區qu劃hua單dan位wei設she立li審shen批pi機ji關guan且qie給gei予yu他ta們men與yu地di區qu經jing濟ji發fa展zhan規gui模mo相xiang應ying的de審shen批pi權quan限xian，且qie以yi法fa律lv形xing式shi加jia以yi固gu定ding。在zai國guo家jia對dui外wai商shang設she立li企qi業ye規gui定ding審shen批pi原yuan則ze的de條tiao件jian下xia

，為wei了le鼓gu勵li直zhi轄xia市shi和he經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu承cheng接jie國guo外wai先xian進jin產chan業ye的de轉zhuan移yi，中zhong央yang可ke適shi當dang給gei予yu地di區qu政zheng府fu對dui於yu現xian代dai先xian進jin產chan業ye較jiao高gao的de審shen批pi權quan限xian。其qi次ci
，盡jin可ke能neng簡jian化hua外wai商shang投tou資zi申shen請qing設she立li現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye的de審shen批pi手shou續xu

，增zeng強qiang審shen批pi的de透tou明ming度du和he提ti高gao審shen批pi效xiao率lv。審shen批pi機ji關guan可ke適shi當dang簡jian化hua外wai資zi的de審shen批pi和he聯lian合he年nian檢jian手shou續xu
，實shi行xing“一站式”服務，且在經營期內
，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押

、轉讓，以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi)，應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)

，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu)，減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci)，改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”banfa
，duiyuwaishangzaibenguotouzixiandaixianjinqiye，caiyongleisiyuneiziqiyedezhongzhijingyingdebanfa，kexianyouqiyepinyongqingsuanjigouchujujuyoufalvxiaoyingdeqingsuanbaogao，zaibaoshenpijiguanshenhe


，shixianneiwaiziqiyezaishenpishouxushangdengtongduidai。

　　第(di)四(si)，健(jian)全(quan)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)，降(jiang)低(di)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)中(zhong)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing)。為(wei)了(le)有(you)效(xiao)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)序(xu)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)
，我(wo)們(men)既(ji)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)度(du)，又(you)要(yao)努(nu)力(li)提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)水(shui)平(ping)。對(dui)於(yu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)
，一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，應(ying)努(nu)力(li)完(wan)善(shan)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)律(lv)
，逐(zhu)步(bu)覆(fu)蓋(gai)當(dang)前(qian)法(fa)律(lv)條(tiao)文(wen)所(suo)不(bu)能(neng)含(han)蓋(gai)的(de)盲(mang)區(qu)
，並(bing)依(yi)據(ju)行(xing)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)對(dui)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)敏(min)感(gan)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)同(tong)，適(shi)時(shi)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)規(gui);另ling一yi方fang麵mian，應ying增zeng強qiang知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de執zhi法fa力li度du，加jia大da對dui侵qin犯fan知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de懲cheng罰fa力li度du，提ti高gao知zhi識shi產chan權quan侵qin權quan的de成cheng本ben。對dui於yu人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan保bao護hu，首shou先xian應ying適shi時shi地di修xiu訂ding與yu完wan善shan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律
，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調；qici


，tongguojiadaxiangguanfalvfaguidezhixingliduhetuokuanfugaimian，quebaorenlizibenjiaoyishuangfangzaipingdenghulideqiantixia，wanshanrenlizibenchanquandejiaoyichengxu
，jianshaorenlizibenjiaoyidebuquedingxing;再zai次ci

，大da力li發fa展zhan人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang和he建jian立li人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang交jiao易yi製zhi度du，擴kuo大da資zi本ben信xin息xi交jiao流liu渠qu道dao，提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben信xin息xi共gong享xiang水shui平ping，降jiang低di企qi業ye獲huo取qu人ren力li資zi本ben的de信xin息xi成cheng本ben
，發fa揮hui反fan映ying人ren力li資zi本ben價jia值zhi的de市shi場chang機ji製zhi


，保bao障zhang人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan
，防fang止zhi人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan交jiao易yi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學
、湖南大學）