Electrify Smart Grid Investment with Asset Management
用資產管理係統促進智能電網的投資

Keywords
Smart Grid, Asset Management, Predictive Maintenance, Power Equipment, Substation Automation, Transmission & Distribution, Transformers, Restoration, Cable Faults, Circuit Breakers, Regulators

關鍵字
智能電網，資產管理
，預見性維護
，電力設備
，變電站自動化，輸配電，變壓器，恢複，電纜故障
，斷路器
，調節器

Overview
Everyone agrees that the Smart Grid can enable consumers to conserve and reduce energy costs.  However, this also goes against the incentives (earnings per share) of every independent energy supplier.  Conceivably, utilities can lose additional revenue with every smart meter installed.  Without a compelling business case for electric power transmission and distribution (T&D) companies,
the smart electric grid will not be sustainable.  The benefits of predictive asset management, which can reduce outages, restoration time, and maintenance costs for distributed assets, provide compelling value that can help mitigate the high cost of smart grid automation and spur adoption of the Obama Smart Grid initiative. 

概述
每mei個ge人ren都dou同tong意yi智zhi能neng電dian網wang可ke以yi讓rang消xiao費fei者zhe減jian少shao能neng源yuan消xiao耗hao

，但dan對dui於yu以yi提ti高gao每mei股gu盈ying利li為wei目mu的de的de能neng源yuan供gong應ying商shang來lai說shuo，他ta們men反fan對dui這zhe項xiang計ji劃hua。因yin為wei非fei常chang顯xian然ran，每mei安an裝zhuang一yi台tai智zhi能neng電dian表biao，能neng源yuan企qi業ye就jiu會hui損sun失shi一yi些xie收shou入ru。如ru果guo不bu能neng給gei電dian力li電dian網wang企qi業ye一yi個ge有you說shuo服fu力li的de商shang業ye利li益yi，智zhi能neng電dian網wang計ji劃hua是shi難nan以yi持chi久jiu的de。預yu見jian性xing資zi產chan管guan理li係xi統tong可ke以yi幫bang助zhu電dian力li電dian網wang企qi業ye降jiang低di儲chu運yun損sun耗hao，縮suo短duan恢hui複fu周zhou期qi，以yi及ji降jiang低di分fen散san資zi產chan的de維wei護hu成cheng本ben。這zhe就jiu為wei這zhe些xie企qi業ye提ti供gong了le一yi項xiang非fei常chang現xian實shi的de商shang業ye利li益yi

，幫bang助zhu他ta們men降jiang低di實shi行xing電dian網wang自zi動dong化hua的de成cheng本ben
，從cong而er更geng加jia容rong易yi接jie受shou奧ao巴ba馬ma智zhi能neng電dian網wang計ji劃hua。

Electric Power T&D Needs to Get Involved 
Despite huge automation investments in the power generation industry, T&D has yet to deploy substation automation in a significant way.  The little automation deployed typically uses proprietary SCADA systems.  These systems may talk with ISOs, but can't easily talk with each other, inhibiting communication between different T&D companies and creating islands of automation.  Without integrated open automation systems and the associated infrastructure, T&D cannot enjoy access to information to improve productivity and reduce cost. The T&D industry needs to collaborate with automation and equipment suppliers and understand how to benefit from automation and infrastructure investments to meet future demand.

應該將電力輸配電係統包括在內
盡管發電行業有巨大的自動化投資
，但輸配電還沒有為變電站部署較完善的自動化係統。這些非常基本的自動化係統都采用專用的SCADA係統，它們可以采用ISO規gui範fan通tong信xin，但dan比bi較jiao難nan以yi實shi現xian相xiang互hu間jian的de通tong信xin，抑yi製zhi了le不bu同tong的de輸shu配pei電dian公gong司si之zhi間jian的de係xi統tong通tong信xin，從cong而er成cheng為wei不bu同tong的de自zi動dong化hua孤gu島dao。如ru果guo不bu能neng采cai用yong開kai放fang式shi的de自zi動dong化hua係xi統tong和he彼bi此ci關guan聯lian的de基ji礎chu設she施shi
，輸shu配pei電dian係xi統tong就jiu不bu能neng獲huo取qu信xin息xi以yi提ti高gao生sheng產chan率lv和he降jiang低di成cheng本ben。在zai輸shu配pei電dian產chan業ye需xu要yao與yu自zi動dong化hua和he設she備bei供gong應ying商shang合he作zuo，了le解jie如ru何he從cong自zi動dong化hua係xi統tong和he基ji礎chu設she施shi的de投tou資zi中zhong受shou益yi，並bing滿man足zu未wei來lai的de需xu求qiu。

For more than two decades, there has been too little in the way of T&D investment, resulting in a decaying infrastructure driven to its limits;  an infrastructure that is prone to fail at the slightest hint of increasing peak electrical demands. This, combined with an inexperienced workforce, unreliable power equipment, environmental impact, increasing information needs, and the recent availability of government funds for smart grid development, means that T&D companies should be investing now. However, response has been mixed.

ershiduonianlai，duishupeidiandetouzishizaishitaishaole
，daozhichenjiudejichusheshiyunzhuandaolejixian。dianligaofengshiduandeqingweibianhuajiurongyidaozhidianlijichusheshidebengkui。。ciwai，quefajingyandegongzuorenyuan、可靠性不高的電力設備、環境影響、越來越多的信息需求，以及最近政府推出用於智能電網發展的專項資金，都表明應該對輸配電企業投資了，然而
，業內對此反響不一。

The Smart Grid by itself does not necessarily provide long-term financial benefits for power T&D companies.  On the other hand, commercial and industrial customers that are willing to take the time to learn how to exploit the technology can benefit by reducing electric consumption and lowering their monthly bills.  However, more incentives are clearly needed to drive electric power T&D investment.     

智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de本ben身shen並bing不bu一yi定ding能neng為wei輸shu配pei電dian企qi業ye提ti供gong長chang期qi的de財cai務wu收shou益yi
，商shang業ye和he工gong業ye用yong戶hu很hen願yuan意yi花hua時shi間jian學xue習xi如ru何he利li用yong這zhe項xiang技ji術shu減jian少shao電dian力li消xiao耗hao，從cong而er減jian少shao每mei月yue賬zhang單dan。顯xian然ran需xu要yao更geng多duo的de激ji勵li來lai推tui動dong輸shu配pei電dian設she施shi的de投tou資zi。

Hidden Value of Asset Management Provide Incentives   
Electric power T&D utilities companies should evaluate smart grid investments in conjunction with T&D automation and control and asset management.  Combining these elements in a single initiative makes the smart grid a more compelling investment opportunity for T&D utilities.

資產管理的隱藏價值帶來激勵
dianlishupeigongyongshiyegongsiyingpingguzhinengdianwangtouzi，liantongshupeidianzidonghuakongzhihezichanguanli。jiangzhexieyinsujiehedaoyigedanyidejihuashizhinengdianwangchengweishupeidianqiyedeyigegenglingrenxinfudetouzijihui。

[page_break]

Predictive asset management technology that combines predictive and other advanced maintenance techniques, has been very successful in the process manufacturing and power generation sectors.  Predictive asset management techniques can provide even greater benefits for T&D.  With T&D assets dispersed across hundreds or thousands of square miles, predictive asset management solutions are even more compelling because of the time required to travel to and back from the site.  Unlike a plant, where assets are confined within the physical facility, inspecting T&D assets requires travel back and forth from regional centers, increasing the time customers are without service, reducing revenue, and negatively impacting system reliability.  Deploying predictive maintenance, enabled by intelligent devices, automation systems and digital communication systems, provides technicians with remote access to equipment health from central locations, reducing labor cost and the time it takes to restore power to customers.  This improves the financial payback for T&D companies, providing them with a tangible incentive to jump into the smart grid fray; an incentive that can provide sustainable value long after the government funding subsides.   

yujianxingzichanguanlijishu
，jieheyuceheqitaxianjindeweihujishu，zaiguochengzhizaohefadianxingyeyizhihenchenggong。yujianxingzichanguanlijishushenzhikeyiweishupeidianqiyetigonggengdadeliyi。shupeidianzichandoufenbuzaishubaiwanpingfanggonglinei，weihurenyuanwangfanxianchangxuyaohuafeidaliangdeshijianhefeiyong，zheyeshiyujianxingzichanguanlijishubiandegengjuyouxiyinle。yuzichanjizhongzaiyidingquyuneidedianchangbutong，jianzhashupeidianzichanxuyaocongquyuzhongxinlaihuiwangfan，zengjiawufuwuxiaohaodeshijianhejianshaoshouru，bingduixitongdekekaoxingzaochengxiaojiyingxiang。caiyongyouzhinengshebei、自zi動dong化hua係xi統tong和he數shu字zi通tong信xin係xi統tong組zu成cheng的de預yu見jian性xing維wei護hu
，技ji術shu人ren員yuan可ke以yi遠yuan程cheng診zhen斷duan設she備bei工gong作zuo狀zhuang況kuang，減jian少shao勞lao動dong力li成cheng本ben和he為wei客ke戶hu恢hui複fu供gong電dian所suo花hua費fei的de時shi間jian。這zhe為wei輸shu配pei電dian公gong司si帶dai來lai切qie實shi可ke見jian的de投tou資zi回hui報bao
，激ji勵li他ta們men建jian立li智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de積ji極ji性xing
，，在zai政zheng府fu資zi金jin補bu貼tie之zhi後hou仍reng可ke以yi帶dai來lai持chi續xu的de價jia值zhi。

In the process sector, predictive asset management provides intelligent maintenance solutions that predict the health of assets, allows operators to intervene before a failure, and significantly extends equipment life.  Predictive maintenance for T&D assets can also protect assets and reduce catastrophic failures that can potentially bring down large sections of the electric grid.  By including the automation and control communication infrastructure with smart grid investments, T&D companies can have a ready-made communication channel that will enable improved electric transmission and distribution control and remote equipment diagnosis.  As a result, technical crews will only mobilize when needed to complete actual equipment repairs.

zaiguochengxingye，yujianxingzichanguanlitigongyucezichanjiankangzhuangkuangdezhinengweihujiejuefangan，yunxuyunyingshangzaiguzhangfashengzhiqianjinxingganyu
，xianzhuyanchangshebeishouming。duishupeidianzichanlaishuo，yujianxingweihuyekeyibaohuzichan，bingjianshaokenengzaochengdamianjidianwangbengkuidezainanxingguzhang。tongguobaokuozidonghuahekongzhitongxinjichusheshiyuzhinengdianwangdetouzi，shupeidianqiyekeyiyouyigexianchengdetongxinqudao，jiangshidedianlichuanshuhefenpeikongzhinengliheyuanchengshebeizhenduannenglijinyibutigao。qijieguoshi，jishurenyuanjiangzhizaibiyaoshidongshenwanchengshijishebeiweixiu。

Focus on Critical High Value Equipment First
The most efficient T&D asset management solutions provide continuous online monitoring.  They deploy intelligent electronic devises (IEDs) and soft and hard sensors with associated diagnostic software with open bi-directional digital communications.  This enables fast distribution of alarms and allows operators to analyze equipment faults and determine remedial action before sending the
crew to the site.   

第一重點放在關鍵的高價值設備
最有效的輸配電資產管理解決方案提供連續的在線監測。他們采用智能電子設備（IEDs）和軟型和硬型傳感器，以及相關的
、帶dai有you開kai放fang雙shuang向xiang數shu字zi通tong信xin能neng力li診zhen斷duan軟ruan件jian。這zhe使shi得de報bao警jing可ke以yi快kuai速su分fen配pei，允yun許xu運yun營ying商shang分fen析xi設she備bei故gu障zhang，並bing決jue定ding在zai派pai遣qian人ren員yuan到dao現xian場chang之zhi前qian采cai取qu補bu救jiu措cuo施shi。

Of all the assets in the T&D electric grid, transformers can be the most problematic.  Power transformers can be quite old and have limited backup when they fail.  By measuring load, voltage, current, temperature, transformer oil quality, status of ancillary equipment, and other parameters, operators can remotely determine the health of the transformer and load tap changers, (electromechanical voltage regulators in transformers).  Some simple measurements enable many issues to be diagnosed.  These include water contamination, insulation damage, excessive heat, arcing, and mechanical wear of electromechanical components.  In addition, operators can fine-tune loading based on actual temperature to maximize electrical output without damaging the transformer.  

在所有輸配電網的資產之中，變壓器的問題是為最棘手。相當多的變壓器已經老化，一當失效，備件也很有限。通過測量負載
、電壓
、電流
、溫度

、變壓器油的質量、輔助設備狀況以及其他參數，操作人員可以遠程確定變壓器和負載分接開關的機電式整流器的狀況 。一些簡單的測量使許多問題得到診斷。這些問題包括水汙染、絕緣損壞、過熱、電弧和機電元件的機械磨損。此外
，操作人員可以根據實際溫度對負載微調，以最大限度地提高電力輸出而不至於損壞變壓器。

Last Word 
The Smart Grid initiative offers T&D companies an opportunity to implement a Smart Grid with substation control  systems, digital communications, and asset management systems that will not only conserve energy at the end user level but also improve the reliability of the grid and reduce operating costs for T&D.   

結束語
智能電網計劃為輸配電公司提供了一個建立具有變電站控製係統
、數字通信和資產管理係統的智能電網的機會
，將不僅在最終用戶層麵節約能源，而且還提高了電網的可靠性和為輸配電降低運營成本。

T&D companies should seize this opportunity and provide an open network infrastructure, including the sensors necessary for asset management.  Open systems will allow future interoperability throughout the grid and potentially across the globe.  The access to information will increase T&D revenue and profitability by optimizing energy delivery and increasing uptime. In addition, information can be easily directed to EAM/CMMS maintenance scheduling systems for efficient workforce management and logistics.

輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)該(gai)抓(zhua)住(zhu)這(zhe)個(ge)機(ji)會(hui)，並(bing)提(ti)供(gong)一(yi)個(ge)開(kai)放(fang)的(de)網(wang)絡(luo)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)，包(bao)括(kuo)資(zi)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)所(suo)必(bi)需(xu)的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)。開(kai)放(fang)係(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)實(shi)現(xian)未(wei)來(lai)整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)的(de)互(hu)操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)

，並(bing)可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)全(quan)球(qiu)各(ge)地(di)互(hu)通(tong)。獲(huo)取(qu)信(xin)息(xi)將(jiang)可(ke)以(yi)優(you)化(hua)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)
，增(zeng)加(jia)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)間(jian)，增(zeng)加(jia)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)收(shou)入(ru)和(he)利(li)潤(run)。此(ci)外(wai)
，信(xin)息(xi)可(ke)以(yi)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)地(di)用(yong)於(yu)EAM/CMMS維護調度係統，實現有效的勞動力管理和物流。

（本文作者為ARC顧問集團高級分析師Wil Chin先生）