編者語：xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing
，tigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。benwenjieshaogongkongzhujixunihuajishudetedian，xiangxijieshaoleruhejiangxunihuajishuyingyongyugongkongji。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing
，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong
，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng
，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng

，jiezhujianrongVMM軟(ruan)件(jian)能(neng)夠(gou)改(gai)進(jin)純(chun)軟(ruan)件(jian)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。由(you)於(yu)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)硬(ying)件(jian)可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)架(jia)構(gou)，支(zhi)持(chi)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)直(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)上(shang)麵(mian)運(yun)行(xing)

，從(cong)而(er)無(wu)需(xu)進(jin)行(xing)二(er)進(jin)製(zhi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)
，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)開(kai)銷(xiao)，極(ji)大(da)簡(jian)化(hua)了(le)VMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing
，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo

，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian
，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調(tiao)查(zha)統(tong)計(ji)發(fa)現(xian)，百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)八(ba)十(shi)以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)事(shi)故(gu)都(dou)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)造(zao)成(cheng)，影(ying)響(xiang)係(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)磁(ci)幹(gan)擾(rao)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)因(yin)素(su)

，如(ru)何(he)保(bao)證(zheng)主(zhu)機(ji)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)成(cheng)為(wei)防(fang)範(fan)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)
，充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)，工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)部(bu)署(shu)的(de)是(shi)裸(luo)金(jin)屬(shu)架(jia)構(gou)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)版(ban)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)架(jia)構(gou)
，之(zhi)上(shang)再(zai)部(bu)署(shu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)
，通(tong)過(guo)翻(fan)譯(yi)對(dui)接(jie)確(que)保(bao)底(di)層(ceng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行

，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等deng眾zhong多duo操cao作zuo係xi統tong，實shi現xian以yi往wang不bu可ke能neng實shi現xian的de多duo宿xiu主zhu架jia構gou，在zai工gong控kong應ying用yong當dang中zhong，可ke以yi滿man足zu多duo種zhong業ye務wu係xi統tong的de需xu要yao。快kuai照zhao功gong能neng在zai虛xu擬ni化hua環huan境jing中zhong支zhi持chi每mei卷juan創chuang建jian多duo個ge快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，並bing將jiang這zhe些xie時shi間jian點dian拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei其qi他ta虛xu擬ni機ji。這zhe樣yang用yong戶hu隻zhi需xu創chuang建jian生sheng產chan數shu據ju的de快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei並bing分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo測ce試shi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，就jiu能neng夠gou創chuang建jian出chu功gong能neng強qiang大da的de測ce試shi環huan境jing了le。一yi旦dan用yong戶hu建jian立li了le虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi環huan境jing
，用yong戶hu就jiu能neng夠gou快kuai速su創chuang建jian虛xu擬ni測ce試shi服fu務wu器qi。測ce試shi人ren員yuan不bu僅jin能neng夠gou在zai幾ji秒miao鍾zhong內nei分fen配pei獲huo得de真zhen實shi的de“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此
，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、shiyong
，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong
，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji
，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben
，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei
，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang ，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben


，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。