http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 01:48:04 來源:廣東省社科院
2008年是對中小型企業全麵體檢的一年。在1~9月,廣東省停產、歇業、關閉和轉移的中小企業為7148家,但僅僅過去一個月,這個數字就上升為15661家。目前,廣東省工業37個行業中,有29個行業增速同比回落,其中電氣機械、紡織服裝、建築材料、森工造紙、汽車等五大產業的增速明顯回落。針對中小企業麵臨的困境,廣東省政府製定了《關於促進中小企業平穩健康發展的意見》和相關落實方案,省財政調整安排了162億元幫助中小企業度過當前難關。
mianduiqiangdadejingjihanliu,mianduidingdanjianshaowaixushousuo,tongguojijidecaizhengzhengcecijineixushibiyaode,danshi,jijidecaizhengtourunengfouchanshengzuoyong,zaihendachengdushangbingfeiqujueyutourushuliangdeduoshao,ershinengfouzaineixuyuneiyuanzhijianxingchengliangxinghudongdejizhi。mianduijijiangdaolaidejingjibujingqi,zhengfudezhuyaorenwubushijiandantongguoyouxiandecaizhengtouruquebaojingjizengchang,gengzhongyaodeshijiejuebaixingjiuyenanti。jiuyecaishiminshengzhiben,youlejiuyecaiyoushouru,youleshourucaiyouxiaofei,youlexiaofeicaiyouneixu,suoyi,renhetouzixiangmubixuyuchuangzaojiuyejihuiguagou,zhongxiaoqiyebujinshuliangzhongduo,gengshijiejueshehuijiuyedezhuyaoliliang,yinci,zhengfubaozengchanggengyaobaojiuye,fuchidaqiyegengyaobangzhuzhongxiaoqiye,zhecaishichenggongdekuodaneixu。
實現從間接開放到直接占領國內外市場的跨越
坦率地說,改革開放30年廣東最為軟弱的就是過度依賴“兩頭在外、大進大出”的發展模式,這種模式在工業化初期可以有效彌補原始資本積累與本地市場需求的不足。簡單依靠“香港人拿訂單、廣東人管生產”的(de)分(fen)工(gong)是(shi)不(bu)夠(gou)的(de),在(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)兩(liang)地(di)分(fen)工(gong)中(zhong),廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)承(cheng)擔(dan)著(zhe)最(zui)大(da)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)風(feng)險(xian),由(you)此(ci)決(jue)定(ding)著(zhe)對(dui)香(xiang)港(gang)人(ren)的(de)依(yi)賴(lai)性(xing)也(ye)最(zui)強(qiang),一(yi)旦(dan)有(you)個(ge)風(feng)吹(chui)草(cao)動(dong),生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)就(jiu)會(hui)主(zhu)要(yao)落(luo)在(zai)廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)的(de)頭(tou)上(shang)。而(er)國(guo)內(nei)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)價(jia)格(ge)大(da)幅(fu)波(bo)動(dong)產(chan)能(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)、上半年受南方雪災影響,電網建設項目投入滯後、出口交貨值逐月下滑等因素影響了企業的經營業績,導致了虧損企業增加,更給電工機械、電氣行業帶來嚴峻的挑戰。如果在發展過程中不注意積極培育本地需求與本地中小電工、電氣企業,那麼,這種依賴最終會成為電工、電氣企業進一步發展與轉型的桎梏。
在zai全quan球qiu化hua背bei景jing下xia,資zi源yuan和he財cai富fu通tong過guo市shi場chang調tiao節jie手shou段duan,必bi然ran向xiang效xiao率lv高gao的de企qi業ye和he區qu域yu流liu動dong。目mu前qian工gong業ye化hua國guo家jia能neng夠gou轉zhuan移yi的de產chan業ye,國guo內nei基ji本ben都dou承cheng接jie了le,廣guang東dong中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye再zai次ci指zhi望wang外wai資zi能neng夠gou帶dai動dong新xin的de產chan業ye升sheng級ji,是shi件jian非fei常chang不bu現xian實shi的de事shi情qing。因yin此ci,中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye應ying當dang充chong分fen利li用yong此ci次ci金jin融rong危wei機ji,在zai繼ji續xu保bao持chi與yu外wai商shang緊jin密mi合he作zuo基ji礎chu上shang,盡jin快kuai實shi現xian從cong間jian接jie開kai放fang到dao直zhi接jie占zhan領ling國guo內nei外wai市shi場chang的de跨kua越yue。
電氣機械製造業是廣東工業的主要行業之一,雖然規模大,總產值大,分布廣,但是“大而不強”。企業主要以輸配電及控製設備、電線電纜、電dian池chi為wei主zhu,大da部bu分fen企qi業ye並bing不bu掌zhang握wo核he心xin技ji術shu,隻zhi從cong事shi加jia工gong裝zhuang配pei環huan節jie,從cong高gao新xin技ji術shu產chan業ye的de角jiao度du看kan,附fu加jia值zhi相xiang對dui較jiao低di。與yu此ci同tong時shi,電dian器qi機ji械xie製zhi造zao業ye方fang麵mian的de名ming牌pai也ye較jiao少shao,僅jin擁yong有you中zhong國guo名ming牌pai產chan品pin1個,廣東省名牌產品16個ge。廣guang東dong中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye要yao進jin行xing自zi我wo革ge命ming,加jia快kuai企qi業ye轉zhuan型xing,生sheng產chan別bie人ren沒mei有you能neng力li生sheng產chan的de產chan品pin,提ti升sheng自zi我wo創chuang新xin能neng力li,通tong過guo創chuang新xin打da開kai市shi場chang,來lai提ti升sheng企qi業ye的de效xiao率lv,這zhe才cai是shi度du過guo此ci次ci金jin融rong危wei機ji最zui好hao辦ban法fa。對dui於yu地di方fang政zheng府fu而er言yan,除chu了le最zui大da限xian度du地di刺ci激ji本ben地di需xu求qiu,更geng重zhong要yao的de是shi與yu中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye配pei合he共gong同tong開kai拓tuo國guo內nei外wai市shi場chang,通tong過guo“走市場、建渠道、樹品牌”彌補廣東電氣企業的生產能力過剩。
鼓勵更多中小電氣企業走出去
在開拓與占領市場上,培育有競爭力的生產型企業固然很重要,但是,鼓勵廣東電氣企業從坐地經商向“走遍千山萬水、曆盡千辛萬苦、說夠千言萬語、想出千方百計”的行商轉變更重要。長期以來,由於廣東率先改革開放,優惠的政策帶來國內外的人流、物流、資金流、信(xin)息(xi)流(liu)都(dou)向(xiang)廣(guang)東(dong)集(ji)聚(ju),從(cong)而(er)培(pei)養(yang)了(le)廣(guang)東(dong)商(shang)人(ren)在(zai)自(zi)己(ji)家(jia)鄉(xiang)談(tan)生(sheng)意(yi)做(zuo)買(mai)賣(mai)的(de)習(xi)慣(guan),隨(sui)著(zhe)廣(guang)東(dong)政(zheng)策(ce)窪(wa)地(di)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)淡(dan)化(hua),無(wu)論(lun)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)市(shi)場(chang),原(yuan)來(lai)相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)廣(guang)東(dong)的(de)賣(mai)方(fang)市(shi)場(chang)已(yi)經(jing)改(gai)變(bian),廣(guang)東(dong)電(dian)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)中(zhong)尋(xun)找(zhao)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)機(ji)遇(yu),廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)隻(zhi)有(you)通(tong)過(guo)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)熟(shu)悉(xi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)人(ren)文(wen)環(huan)境(jing)才(cai)能(neng)認(ren)識(shi)市(shi)場(chang),廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)隻(zhi)有(you)通(tong)過(guo)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)建(jian)立(li)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)渠(qu)道(dao)才(cai)能(neng)占(zhan)領(ling)市(shi)場(chang),廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)隻(zhi)有(you)通(tong)過(guo)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)品(pin)牌(pai)才(cai)能(neng)贏(ying)得(de)市(shi)場(chang)。
當dang然ran,走zou出chu去qu對dui於yu中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye是shi有you較jiao大da市shi場chang風feng險xian的de,浙zhe江jiang的de經jing驗yan是shi大da量liang中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye可ke以yi通tong過guo抱bao成cheng團tuan走zou出chu去qu,小xiao舢shan板ban在zai市shi場chang競jing爭zheng的de波bo濤tao中zhong容rong易yi翻fan船chuan,但dan是shi,如ru果guo捆kun綁bang在zai一yi起qi就jiu可ke以yi抵di禦yu市shi場chang的de風feng吹chui浪lang打da。長chang期qi以yi來lai,政zheng府fu在zai經jing濟ji發fa展zhan中zhong比bi較jiao注zhu重zhong生sheng產chan環huan節jie而er不bu太tai注zhu重zhong銷xiao售shou環huan節jie,為wei此ci,政zheng府fu首shou先xian要yao轉zhuan變bian觀guan念nian,除chu了le在zai電dian氣qi產chan業ye集ji聚ju基ji礎chu上shang加jia快kuai建jian設she對dui電dian氣qi產chan業ye有you明ming顯xian帶dai動dong作zuo用yong的de省sheng內nei大da型xing電dian氣qi專zhuan業ye市shi場chang外wai,還hai應ying當dang通tong過guo政zheng府fu主zhu導dao在zai國guo內nei主zhu要yao中zhong心xin城cheng市shi投tou資zi組zu建jian“廣東電氣商品專業市場”,weiguangdongdaliangzhongxiaodianqiqiyechanpinjinruguoneishichangtigongchengbenjiaodidejiaoyipingtai。ciwai,yaojijipeiyuyuzujiangengduoxiangelibabayuguomeizheyangxiaoshouqudaofugaiquanguoshenzhiquanqiudedaxingpifashangyulingshoushang,tongguozhengceyindaogulidaxingliutongqiyeweizhongxiaodianqiqiyetigongdingdanfuwu。zongzhi,zaikaituoguoneiwaishichangshang,zhengfushi“炮兵”負責清除前進道路上的障礙,電氣企業是“步兵”負責具體拿下每個山頭與陣地,唯有政府與電氣企業同舟共濟,廣東眾多的優質電氣產品才能所向披靡風行天下。
企業應當花大力氣解決內源型經濟發展不足的問題
muqiandahuanjingduiguangdongdianqiqiyedeyingxiangqueshiburongxiaoqu,danshidaduoshudianqiqiyezaicaiqubaoshoufangfabaozhengshengchandeqiantixia,haishicaiquleyibufencuoshijijiyingdui。zhongxiaodianqiqiyebuyueertongdixuanzeletongguojishugaizaojiangdichengbenhetongguoxinchanpinkaifa。chucizhiwai,yeyouyixiedianqiqiyetongguotigaochanpinxiaoshoujiage、裁(cai)減(jian)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)通(tong)過(guo)融(rong)資(zi)擴(kuo)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)途(tu)徑(jing)。在(zai)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)扶(fu)持(chi)方(fang)麵(mian),有(you)企(qi)業(ye)希(xi)望(wang)政(zheng)府(fu)提(ti)供(gong)產(chan)品(pin)研(yan)發(fa)資(zi)金(jin)。有(you)企(qi)業(ye)希(xi)望(wang)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)產(chan)品(pin)。另(ling)外(wai),部(bu)分(fen)企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)出(chu)希(xi)望(wang)政(zheng)府(fu)加(jia)大(da)對(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)扶(fu)持(chi)力(li)度(du),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)加(jia)大(da)資(zi)金(jin)扶(fu)持(chi)以(yi)解(jie)決(jue)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)麵(mian)臨(lin)的(de)資(zi)金(jin)短(duan)缺(que)問(wen)題(ti)。還(hai)有(you)部(bu)分(fen)企(qi)業(ye)認(ren)為(wei)政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)加(jia)大(da)力(li)度(du)扶(fu)持(chi)擁(yong)有(you)真(zhen)正(zheng)核(he)心(xin)節(jie)能(neng)技(ji)術(shu)及(ji)產(chan)品(pin),分(fen)重(zhong)點(dian)、分層次、分結果投入經費在市場上已取得效果的電氣企業。
有you了le市shi場chang需xu求qiu的de支zhi撐cheng,廣guang東dong企qi業ye應ying當dang花hua大da力li氣qi解jie決jue內nei源yuan型xing經jing濟ji發fa展zhan不bu足zu的de問wen題ti,廣guang東dong的de內nei需xu不bu足zu在zai很hen大da程cheng度du上shang是shi一yi次ci分fen配pei造zao成cheng的de,而er一yi次ci分fen配pei之zhi所suo以yi不bu公gong平ping,關guan鍵jian在zai我wo們men的de外wai源yuan型xing經jing濟ji主zhu導dao發fa展zhan模mo式shi。廣guang東dong中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye在zai拽zhuai緊jin國guo外wai市shi場chang的de同tong時shi,也ye要yao開kai始shi嚐chang試shi涉she足zu國guo內nei市shi場chang。
zhejiangjingyanbiaoming,weiyourangquanmindoujiarudaochuangyededuiwuzhonglai,fazhandechengguocainengzuidaxianduweiquanmingongxiang,shehuicaifudefenpeicaixiandebijiaogongping。burandehua,guangdongrenzhinengtongguodagongzhuandianxiaoqian,tongguochuzushoudianzujin,youxiandeziyuanzhinengbeibierenliyong,youxiandecaifuzhinengbeitarenfenxiang。zaijingjixiaotiaoshiqi,yaoguliguangdongrenzaidijiashijijishougoujianbingwaiziqiye,tongguochuangyejiangguangdongdecaifuyoushibianchengfazhanyoushi,tongguochuangyejiangguangdongdewaiyuanxingjingjiyoushizhuanbianweineiyuanxingjingjiyoushi。yaojiakuaifazhanyupeiyuchengshudeguangdongchanquanshichangyuzibenshichang,zaijijituozhanguoneiwaixiaofeishichangdetongshi,yaozhidingyudangnianzhaoshangyinziyiyangyouhuidechuangyezhengce,xiyinquanshehuixiansanzijinjinruyoujingzhenglideshitijingjilingyu,yaojiaqiangguangdongzhizhuchanyedejingyingfengxianyanjiu,jiaqiangguangdongzhizhuchanyedezizhuchuangxin,shilaobaixingzaiguangdongdejingjifazhanzhonghuodezuidadecaichanxingshouru。zaijingjixiaotiaoshiqi,yindaobaixingguoduoqiwangzhanggongzizengjiashourushibuxianshide,tongguopeiyufadadezibenshichangzengjiabaixingdecaichanxingshourukenengyiyigengda。yingdangkandao,ciciquanqiujinrongweijisuiranduixunijingjiyingxianghenda,danshi,tongguoeliehuanjingdeyoushenglietai,xiangxinzaiweilaiderizili,tuweierchudejiangshijuyouzhenzhengshili,youjudafazhanqiantudezhongxiaodianqiqiye。jingguoxingfengxueyudekaoyanhou,guangdongdeshitijingjizaizhongxinxipaiyihou,yidinghuizaifadadezibenshichangjichushangzaicijueqi。