編者語：虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。本ben文wen介jie紹shao工gong控kong主zhu機ji虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu的de特te點dian
，詳xiang細xi介jie紹shao了le如ru何he將jiang虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu應ying用yong於yu工gong控kong機ji。

   dangjinxunihuajishuyijingshentoudaoshehuiguanjianxingyehexinjisuanyewuzhong，xunihuadechuxiangaibianlechuantongdedanyijisuanjijiagou，xunihuadegaokeyongxinghekuaisuqianyitexingyouxiaobaozhengleguanjianxitongdejisuanjiyewulianxu，youxiaojiangdileyoujisuanjiguzhangdaozhideyewuzhongduan
，jiangsunshijiangdaozuidi。xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，jiangdiyouyugongkongzhujisunhuaidaozhideyewuzhongduan
，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing
，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案
，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng
，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng
，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMM軟(ruan)件(jian)能(neng)夠(gou)改(gai)進(jin)純(chun)軟(ruan)件(jian)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。由(you)於(yu)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)硬(ying)件(jian)可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)架(jia)構(gou)，支(zhi)持(chi)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)直(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)上(shang)麵(mian)運(yun)行(xing)，從(cong)而(er)無(wu)需(xu)進(jin)行(xing)二(er)進(jin)製(zhi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)開(kai)銷(xiao)，極(ji)大(da)簡(jian)化(hua)了(le)VMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照
、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing

，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   工gong控kong機ji是shi專zhuan門men為wei工gong業ye現xian場chang而er設she計ji的de計ji算suan機ji，工gong業ye現xian場chang一yi般ban具ju有you強qiang烈lie的de震zhen動dong
，灰hui塵chen特te別bie多duo
，另ling有you很hen高gao的de電dian磁ci場chang力li幹gan擾rao等deng特te點dian，且qie一yi般ban工gong廠chang均jun是shi連lian續xu作zuo業ye即ji一yi年nian中zhong一yi般ban沒mei有you休xiu息xi
，在zai惡e劣lie條tiao件jian下xia影ying響xiang工gong控kong主zhu機ji效xiao能neng的de不bu單dan單dan是shi其qi使shi用yong壽shou命ming，對dui於yu關guan鍵jian性xing業ye務wu來lai講jiang確que保bao業ye務wu的de穩wen定ding性xing和he連lian續xu性xing顯xian得de格ge外wai重zhong要yao，使shi用yong虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou主zhu要yao在zai於yu虛xu擬ni化hua的de操cao作zuo係xi統tong僅jin僅jin是shi以yi文wen件jian形xing式shi存cun在zai，包bao括kuo內nei存cun的de鏡jing像xiang等deng，在zai發fa生sheng災zai難nan情qing況kuang下xia可ke以yi做zuo到dao零ling毫hao秒miao快kuai速su無wu縫feng切qie換huan

，所suo以yi在zai關guan鍵jian業ye務wu應ying用yong場chang所suo保bao障zhang了le業ye務wu的de連lian續xu可ke靠kao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等deng眾zhong多duo操cao作zuo係xi統tong，實shi現xian以yi往wang不bu可ke能neng實shi現xian的de多duo宿xiu主zhu架jia構gou，在zai工gong控kong應ying用yong當dang中zhong，可ke以yi滿man足zu多duo種zhong業ye務wu係xi統tong的de需xu要yao。快kuai照zhao功gong能neng在zai虛xu擬ni化hua環huan境jing中zhong支zhi持chi每mei卷juan創chuang建jian多duo個ge快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，並bing將jiang這zhe些xie時shi間jian點dian拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei其qi他ta虛xu擬ni機ji。這zhe樣yang用yong戶hu隻zhi需xu創chuang建jian生sheng產chan數shu據ju的de快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei並bing分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo測ce試shi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，就jiu能neng夠gou創chuang建jian出chu功gong能neng強qiang大da的de測ce試shi環huan境jing了le。一yi旦dan用yong戶hu建jian立li了le虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi環huan境jing，用yong戶hu就jiu能neng夠gou快kuai速su創chuang建jian虛xu擬ni測ce試shi服fu務wu器qi。測ce試shi人ren員yuan不bu僅jin能neng夠gou在zai幾ji秒miao鍾zhong內nei分fen配pei獲huo得de真zhen實shi的de“實時”數據

，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、使shi用yong
，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang ，唯(wei)一(yi)需(xu)要(yao)安(an)裝(zhuang)備(bei)份(fen)軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)就(jiu)是(shi)備(bei)份(fen)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)了(le)。在(zai)處(chu)理(li)數(shu)百(bai)個(ge)虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)時(shi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)大(da)幅(fu)降(jiang)低(di)備(bei)份(fen)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)，通(tong)過(guo)快(kuai)照(zhao)功(gong)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。