http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 03:32:27 來源:中國能源報

近(jin)期(qi),天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)發(fa)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)維(wei)修(xiu)成(cheng)本(ben)過(guo)高(gao)備(bei)受(shou)業(ye)內(nei)熱(re)議(yi)。打(da)破(po)壟(long)斷(duan),實(shi)現(xian)設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)能(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)期(qi)許(xu)。今(jin)年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian),中(zhong)國(guo)質(zhi)量(liang)協(xie)會(hui)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、成(cheng)套(tao)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)下(xia),配(pei)套(tao)基(ji)礎(chu)件(jian)短(duan)板(ban)效(xiao)應(ying)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)明(ming)顯(xian),關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)依(yi)賴(lai)進(jin)口(kou),國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)集(ji)團(tuan)壟(long)斷(duan),成(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)做(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)大(da)的(de)軟(ruan)肋(lei)。在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang),外(wai)商(shang)總(zong)會(hui)切(qie)中(zhong)要(yao)害(hai)的(de)抬(tai)高(gao)關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)價(jia)格(ge),使(shi)得(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)仍(reng)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)國(guo)外(wai)。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
據(ju)記(ji)者(zhe)了(le)解(jie),目(mu)前(qian)與(yu)國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)相(xiang)比(bi),國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)的(de)最(zui)大(da)優(you)勢(shi)還(hai)是(shi)在(zai)於(yu)價(jia)格(ge),一(yi)般(ban)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)的(de)價(jia)格(ge)僅(jin)為(wei)進(jin)口(kou)同(tong)類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)二(er)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)或(huo)三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),高(gao)檔(dang)次(ci)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)與(yu)國(guo)外(wai)同(tong)類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)相(xiang)比(bi)價(jia)格(ge)差(cha)距(ju)更(geng)大(da),部(bu)分(fen)設(she)備(bei)已(yi)經(jing)完(wan)全(quan)實(shi)現(xian)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)。但(dan)即(ji)便(bian)如(ru)此(ci),國(guo)內(nei)的(de)采(cai)購(gou)用(yong)戶(hu)卻(que)仍(reng)以(yi)各(ge)種(zhong)借(jie)口(kou)拒(ju)絕(jue)使(shi)用(yong),或(huo)者(zhe)人(ren)為(wei)設(she)置(zhi)各(ge)種(zhong)障(zhang)礙(ai),增(zeng)加(jia)國(guo)產(chan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)進(jin)入(ru)大(da)型(xing)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)門(men)檻(kan)。還(hai)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)位(wei)在(zai)采(cai)購(gou)設(she)備(bei)時(shi),盲(mang)目(mu)追(zhui)求(qiu)使(shi)用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)先(xian)進(jin)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)設(she)備(bei),既(ji)不(bu)考(kao)慮(lv)性(xing)價(jia)比(bi),也(ye)不(bu)考(kao)慮(lv)國(guo)內(nei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)同(tong)步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)。一(yi)項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)還(hai)沒(mei)有(you)推(tui)廣(guang),又(you)去(qu)追(zhui)求(qiu)其(qi)他(ta)技(ji)術(shu)或(huo)裝(zhuang)備(bei),造(zao)成(cheng)同(tong)類(lei)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)重(zhong)複(fu)引(yin)進(jin)。
記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)調(tiao)查(zha)中(zhong),多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)認(ren)同(tong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)采(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)受(shou)歧(qi)視(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)實(shi)。在(zai)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)海(hai)關(guan)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)統(tong)計(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),隨(sui)著(zhe)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao),重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)進(jin)口(kou)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)金(jin)額(e)卻(que)並(bing)未(wei)減(jian)少(shao),反(fan)之(zhi)還(hai)在(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)。
真zhen的de是shi我wo國guo的de裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin不bu能neng滿man足zu經jing濟ji快kuai速su發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao嗎ma?其qi實shi不bu然ran。一yi名ming從cong事shi設she備bei采cai購gou的de業ye內nei人ren士shi告gao訴su記ji者zhe,目mu前qian阻zu礙ai設she備bei國guo產chan化hua發fa展zhan,國guo內nei的de一yi些xie采cai購gou用yong戶hu有you不bu可ke推tui卸xie的de責ze任ren。例li如ru,在zai設she備bei投tou標biao中zhong這zhe些xie用yong戶hu一yi般ban會hui出chu現xian四si種zhong表biao現xian,第di一yi種zhong,業ye主zhu會hui明ming確que表biao示shi,隻zhi用yong進jin口kou設she備bei,國guo產chan設she備bei免mian談tan,國guo內nei廠chang商shang直zhi接jie吃chi閉bi門men羹geng。第di二er種zhong,業ye主zhu在zai標biao書shu中zhong完wan全quan套tao用yong國guo外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu參can數shu。由you於yu國guo內nei外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu標biao準zhun、canshubujinxiangtong,shicanjiazhaotoubiaodeguoneichangjiawusuoshicong,genbenbukenengzhongbiao。disanzhong,yezhudecaigoubiaoshuzhimaigeiguowaichangshang。disizhong,yezhugancuizaibiaoshuzhongzhijiezhidingcaigoumouguogongsidemouzhongchanpin。
yiweishiyouzhuanjiabiaoshi,jinshinianlai,woguodaxingshiyoushebeiyijingzhongfujinkouduotao,jiumuqianwomenzhuangbeizhizaoxingyedeshejihezhizaoshuipinglaishuo,yijingjubeishengchannenglile。danshi,guoneiyixieyonghurengshiyilaoyanguanglaikandaiguochanshebei,yitiguochan,jiuyoumomingdegulv,buyuanshiyongguochanshebei,guojiahualedaliangzijinyinjinjishu,zhizaoqiyexiaohuaxishouhouyekaifalexuduoxinchanpin,danwangwangyinmeiyouyituogongchengerdebudaoyanzheng,huobeiyonghuyimeiyouyunxingyejiweiyouboduotoubiaozige,shiwomenzhizaozhuangbeiqiyemeiyoushijiandejihui。chanpinruguomeiyoushijiandejihui,jishuyejiumeiyoudedaogaijindejihui。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
即ji使shi國guo內nei產chan品pin做zuo得de不bu好hao也ye要yao嚐chang試shi去qu用yong,發fa現xian問wen題ti,從cong而er改gai進jin。這zhe一yi點dian,在zai韓han國guo就jiu有you典dian型xing的de例li子zi。其qi國guo人ren的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie體ti現xian在zai每mei個ge國guo人ren身shen上shang。有you媒mei體ti報bao道dao,韓han國guo明ming星xing金jin喜xi善shan曾zeng被bei邀yao請qing到dao中zhong國guo來lai參can加jia商shang業ye活huo動dong,金jin喜xi善shan發fa現xian車che隊dui中zhong沒mei有you韓han國guo車che,就jiu拒ju絕jue乘cheng坐zuo德de國guo進jin口kou車che離li開kai。金jin喜xi善shan說shuo自zi己ji是shi韓han國guo人ren,就jiu應ying該gai坐zuo本ben國guo車che。前qian蘇su聯lian也ye是shi如ru此ci,國guo人ren普pu遍bian有you濃nong厚hou的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie。而er事shi實shi證zheng明ming裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin隻zhi有you經jing過guo"用",才能變得越來越好。
zhongguojixiegongyelianhehuiyuanzonggongchengshisuiyongbinzhichu,zhenxingzhuangbeizhizaoyerenzhongdaoyuan,shiyixiangchangqidezhanlvebushuheanpai,suiranguojiayijingchutaixiangguanzhengcezhichizhongdazhuangbeiguochanhua,danweilai5niannei,zhongguozhongdazhuangbeizhizaoxingyeruguobunengdazaochujigedajituan,xingchengzijidetese,zaiguanjianzhuangbeifangmianshixianguochanhua,zhuangbeizhizaoyezhenzhengyiyidezhenxingrengjiangyaoyaowuqi。guer,xiangguanqiyeyinggaishikebawoshichangdemaibo,shulijituanzuozhandeyishi;相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
zaijingjiquanqiuhuadejintian,henduokuaguogongsixuanzezaihaiwaitouzijianlishengchanzhizaojidi。muqianhenduowaiziqiyezaihuajianchang。guoneiyonghumaideshiheziqiyedechanpin,suiranzhexiechanpindoushizaiguoneishengchan,danqi80%的de零ling部bu件jian是shi從cong國guo外wai的de母mu廠chang進jin口kou的de,這zhe些xie產chan品pin國guo產chan化hua的de技ji術shu含han量liang幾ji乎hu沒mei有you,而er這zhe種zhong產chan品pin在zai目mu前qian市shi場chang中zhong又you占zhan據ju著zhe相xiang當dang大da的de比bi重zhong,無wu形xing中zhong擠ji占zhan了le國guo內nei裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao產chan品pin的de發fa展zhan空kong間jian。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
duiyuyonghueryan,xiwanggoumaideshebeizhiliangyouliang,jishuxianjin,zhedouwukehoufei。dangran,guoneiqiyezaituijinguochanhuadedaolushangyecunzaixuduozhiliangshangdewenti,danbunengyincifourenqiqudedeguochanhuachengji,huaiyiqiguochanhuadeshuiping,jujuedajianpingtai、geiyuzhanxiandejihui。congmouzhongyiyishangeryan,zuoweichanyelianshangxiayouguanxi,yonghuhezhuangbeiyerutongchunchi,cunzaijinmideguanxi,yirongjurong,yisunjusun。yinci,ruoxiangzuoqiangwoguozhuangbeizhizaoye,shixianwoguozhuangbeizhizaoyedeqiangguozhimeng,jiasutuijinzhuangbeizhizaoyeguochanhuajincheng,shixianqizizhuhuachuangxin,shiwoguozhengfu、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。