http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 08:46:46 來源:中國能源報

近jin期qi,天tian然ran氣qi發fa電dian設she備bei維wei修xiu成cheng本ben過guo高gao備bei受shou業ye內nei熱re議yi。打da破po壟long斷duan,實shi現xian設she備bei國guo產chan化hua成cheng為wei能neng源yuan裝zhuang備bei領ling域yu的de發fa展zhan期qi許xu。今jin年nian上shang半ban年nian,中zhong國guo質zhi量liang協xie會hui發fa布bu的de2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、成cheng套tao化hua發fa展zhan的de趨qu勢shi下xia,配pei套tao基ji礎chu件jian短duan板ban效xiao應ying越yue來lai越yue明ming顯xian,關guan鍵jian零ling部bu件jian依yi賴lai進jin口kou,國guo外wai設she備bei集ji團tuan壟long斷duan,成cheng為wei我wo國guo製zhi造zao業ye做zuo強qiang做zuo大da的de軟ruan肋lei。在zai經jing濟ji上shang,外wai商shang總zong會hui切qie中zhong要yao害hai的de抬tai高gao關guan鍵jian零ling部bu件jian價jia格ge,使shi得de裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye仍reng受shou製zhi於yu國guo外wai。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
據ju記ji者zhe了le解jie,目mu前qian與yu國guo外wai設she備bei相xiang比bi,國guo產chan設she備bei的de最zui大da優you勢shi還hai是shi在zai於yu價jia格ge,一yi般ban國guo產chan設she備bei的de價jia格ge僅jin為wei進jin口kou同tong類lei產chan品pin的de二er分fen之zhi一yi或huo三san分fen之zhi一yi,高gao檔dang次ci的de產chan品pin與yu國guo外wai同tong類lei產chan品pin相xiang比bi價jia格ge差cha距ju更geng大da,部bu分fen設she備bei已yi經jing完wan全quan實shi現xian國guo產chan化hua。但dan即ji便bian如ru此ci,國guo內nei的de采cai購gou用yong戶hu卻que仍reng以yi各ge種zhong借jie口kou拒ju絕jue使shi用yong,或huo者zhe人ren為wei設she置zhi各ge種zhong障zhang礙ai,增zeng加jia國guo產chan裝zhuang備bei進jin入ru大da型xing市shi場chang的de門men檻kan。還hai有you一yi些xie使shi用yong單dan位wei在zai采cai購gou設she備bei時shi,盲mang目mu追zhui求qiu使shi用yong國guo外wai先xian進jin的de技ji術shu和he設she備bei,既ji不bu考kao慮lv性xing價jia比bi,也ye不bu考kao慮lv國guo內nei製zhi造zao業ye的de同tong步bu發fa展zhan。一yi項xiang技ji術shu還hai沒mei有you推tui廣guang,又you去qu追zhui求qiu其qi他ta技ji術shu或huo裝zhuang備bei,造zao成cheng同tong類lei裝zhuang備bei的de重zhong複fu引yin進jin。
jizhezaitiaozhazhong,duoshurenrentongguochanshebeizaishichangcaigouzhongshouqishizheyixianshi。zaijinjinianhaiguanjinchukoudetongjishujuzhongfaxian,suizhewoguozhuangbeizhizaoshuipingdewenbutigao,zhongdazhuangbeidejinkoushulianghejinequebingweijianshao,fanzhihaizaizengjia。
真(zhen)的(de)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)品(pin)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)經(jing)濟(ji)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)嗎(ma)?其(qi)實(shi)不(bu)然(ran)。一(yi)名(ming)從(cong)事(shi)設(she)備(bei)采(cai)購(gou)的(de)業(ye)內(nei)人(ren)士(shi)告(gao)訴(su)記(ji)者(zhe),目(mu)前(qian)阻(zu)礙(ai)設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan),國(guo)內(nei)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)采(cai)購(gou)用(yong)戶(hu)有(you)不(bu)可(ke)推(tui)卸(xie)的(de)責(ze)任(ren)。例(li)如(ru),在(zai)設(she)備(bei)投(tou)標(biao)中(zhong)這(zhe)些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)四(si)種(zhong)表(biao)現(xian),第(di)一(yi)種(zhong),業(ye)主(zhu)會(hui)明(ming)確(que)表(biao)示(shi),隻(zhi)用(yong)進(jin)口(kou)設(she)備(bei),國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)免(mian)談(tan),國(guo)內(nei)廠(chang)商(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)吃(chi)閉(bi)門(men)羹(geng)。第(di)二(er)種(zhong),業(ye)主(zhu)在(zai)標(biao)書(shu)中(zhong)完(wan)全(quan)套(tao)用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)參(can)數(shu)。由(you)於(yu)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)、canshubujinxiangtong,shicanjiazhaotoubiaodeguoneichangjiawusuoshicong,genbenbukenengzhongbiao。disanzhong,yezhudecaigoubiaoshuzhimaigeiguowaichangshang。disizhong,yezhugancuizaibiaoshuzhongzhijiezhidingcaigoumouguogongsidemouzhongchanpin。
一(yi)位(wei)石(shi)油(you)專(zhuan)家(jia)表(biao)示(shi),近(jin)十(shi)年(nian)來(lai),我(wo)國(guo)大(da)型(xing)石(shi)油(you)設(she)備(bei)已(yi)經(jing)重(zhong)複(fu)進(jin)口(kou)多(duo)套(tao),就(jiu)目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)們(men)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)設(she)計(ji)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)來(lai)說(shuo),已(yi)經(jing)具(ju)備(bei)生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)了(le)。但(dan)是(shi),國(guo)內(nei)一(yi)些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)仍(reng)是(shi)以(yi)老(lao)眼(yan)光(guang)來(lai)看(kan)待(dai)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei),一(yi)提(ti)國(guo)產(chan),就(jiu)有(you)莫(mo)名(ming)的(de)顧(gu)慮(lv),不(bu)願(yuan)使(shi)用(yong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei),國(guo)家(jia)花(hua)了(le)大(da)量(liang)資(zi)金(jin)引(yin)進(jin)技(ji)術(shu),製(zhi)造(zao)企(qi)業(ye)消(xiao)化(hua)吸(xi)收(shou)後(hou)也(ye)開(kai)發(fa)了(le)許(xu)多(duo)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin),但(dan)往(wang)往(wang)因(yin)沒(mei)有(you)依(yi)托(tuo)工(gong)程(cheng)而(er)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)驗(yan)證(zheng),或(huo)被(bei)用(yong)戶(hu)以(yi)沒(mei)有(you)運(yun)行(xing)業(ye)績(ji)為(wei)由(you)剝(bo)奪(duo)投(tou)標(biao)資(zi)格(ge),使(shi)我(wo)們(men)製(zhi)造(zao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)企(qi)業(ye)沒(mei)有(you)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。產(chan)品(pin)如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui),技(ji)術(shu)也(ye)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)得(de)到(dao)改(gai)進(jin)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
jishiguoneichanpinzuodebuhaoyeyaochangshiquyong,faxianwenti,congergaijin。zheyidian,zaihanguojiuyoudianxingdelizi。qiguorendeguohuoqingjietixianzaimeigeguorenshenshang。youmeitibaodao,hanguomingxingjinxishanzengbeiyaoqingdaozhongguolaicanjiashangyehuodong,jinxishanfaxiancheduizhongmeiyouhanguoche,jiujujuechengzuodeguojinkouchelikai。jinxishanshuozijishihanguoren,jiuyinggaizuobenguoche。qiansulianyeshiruci,guorenpubianyounonghoudeguohuoqingjie。ershishizhengmingzhuangbeichanpinzhiyoujingguo"用",才能變得越來越好。
zhongguojixiegongyelianhehuiyuanzonggongchengshisuiyongbinzhichu,zhenxingzhuangbeizhizaoyerenzhongdaoyuan,shiyixiangchangqidezhanlvebushuheanpai,suiranguojiayijingchutaixiangguanzhengcezhichizhongdazhuangbeiguochanhua,danweilai5niannei,zhongguozhongdazhuangbeizhizaoxingyeruguobunengdazaochujigedajituan,xingchengzijidetese,zaiguanjianzhuangbeifangmianshixianguochanhua,zhuangbeizhizaoyezhenzhengyiyidezhenxingrengjiangyaoyaowuqi。guer,xiangguanqiyeyinggaishikebawoshichangdemaibo,shulijituanzuozhandeyishi;相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)的(de)今(jin)天(tian),很(hen)多(duo)跨(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司(si)選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)海(hai)外(wai)投(tou)資(zi)建(jian)立(li)生(sheng)產(chan)製(zhi)造(zao)基(ji)地(di)。目(mu)前(qian)很(hen)多(duo)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)華(hua)建(jian)廠(chang)。國(guo)內(nei)用(yong)戶(hu)買(mai)的(de)是(shi)合(he)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)產(chan)品(pin),雖(sui)然(ran)這(zhe)些(xie)產(chan)品(pin)都(dou)是(shi)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan),但(dan)其(qi)80%的de零ling部bu件jian是shi從cong國guo外wai的de母mu廠chang進jin口kou的de,這zhe些xie產chan品pin國guo產chan化hua的de技ji術shu含han量liang幾ji乎hu沒mei有you,而er這zhe種zhong產chan品pin在zai目mu前qian市shi場chang中zhong又you占zhan據ju著zhe相xiang當dang大da的de比bi重zhong,無wu形xing中zhong擠ji占zhan了le國guo內nei裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao產chan品pin的de發fa展zhan空kong間jian。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
duiyuyonghueryan,xiwanggoumaideshebeizhiliangyouliang,jishuxianjin,zhedouwukehoufei。dangran,guoneiqiyezaituijinguochanhuadedaolushangyecunzaixuduozhiliangshangdewenti,danbunengyincifourenqiqudedeguochanhuachengji,huaiyiqiguochanhuadeshuiping,jujuedajianpingtai、給(gei)予(yu)展(zhan)現(xian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。從(cong)某(mou)種(zhong)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)而(er)言(yan),作(zuo)為(wei)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)上(shang)下(xia)遊(you)關(guan)係(xi),用(yong)戶(hu)和(he)裝(zhuang)備(bei)業(ye)如(ru)同(tong)唇(chun)齒(chi),存(cun)在(zai)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),一(yi)榮(rong)俱(ju)榮(rong),一(yi)損(sun)俱(ju)損(sun)。因(yin)此(ci),若(ruo)想(xiang)做(zuo)強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye),實(shi)現(xian)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)強(qiang)國(guo)之(zhi)夢(meng),加(jia)速(su)推(tui)進(jin)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng),實(shi)現(xian)其(qi)自(zi)主(zhu)化(hua)創(chuang)新(xin),是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。