http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-15 01:09:32 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)是(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)基(ji)礎(chu)。黨(dang)的(de)十(shi)八(ba)大(da)以(yi)來(lai),習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)著(zhe)眼(yan)中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)偉(wei)大(da)複(fu)興(xing)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)全(quan)局(ju)和(he)世(shi)界(jie)百(bai)年(nian)未(wei)有(you)之(zhi)大(da)變(bian)局(ju),在(zai)深(shen)刻(ke)把(ba)握(wo)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)形(xing)勢(shi)變(bian)化(hua)、總結發展經驗教訓的基礎上,在不同場合深入闡述關於現代化產業體係建設的新思想、新觀點、新(xin)要(yao)求(qiu)。這(zhe)些(xie)重(zhong)要(yao)論(lun)述(shu),是(shi)習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)經(jing)濟(ji)思(si)想(xiang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen),為(wei)推(tui)動(dong)經(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)行(xing)動(dong)指(zhi)南(nan)。現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)是(shi)適(shi)應(ying)中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi),既(ji)遵(zun)循(xun)一(yi)般(ban)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)規(gui)律(lv),又(you)符(fu)合(he)中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)本(ben)質(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)。我(wo)們(men)要(yao)準(zhun)確(que)理(li)解(jie)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)應(ying)具(ju)備(bei)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)特(te)性(xing),把(ba)握(wo)其(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)和(he)建(jian)設(she)重(zhong)點(dian),在(zai)科(ke)學(xue)認(ren)識(shi)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)推(tui)動(dong)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)實(shi)踐(jian),在(zai)新(xin)征(zheng)程(cheng)上(shang)加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)。
實體經濟——
現代化產業體係建設的支撐點
實體經濟是支撐經濟增長、保bao障zhang國guo家jia安an全quan的de重zhong要yao基ji礎chu,是shi一yi國guo經jing濟ji的de立li身shen之zhi本ben,是shi財cai富fu創chuang造zao的de根gen本ben源yuan泉quan,是shi國guo家jia強qiang盛sheng的de重zhong要yao支zhi柱zhu。以yi實shi體ti經jing濟ji為wei支zhi撐cheng建jian設she現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi,是shi推tui動dong經jing濟ji高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan始shi終zhong堅jian持chi的de一yi個ge重zhong大da原yuan則ze。黨dang的de十shi九jiu屆jie五wu中zhong全quan會hui提ti出chu,“加快發展現代產業體係,推動經濟體係優化升級”,並要求“堅持把發展經濟著力點放在實體經濟上”。黨的二十大報告明確提出“中國式現代化,是中國共產黨領導的社會主義現代化”,強調要“建設現代化產業體係”,其中“堅持把發展經濟的著力點放在實體經濟上”的de核he心xin要yao求qiu沒mei有you變bian。習xi近jin平ping總zong書shu記ji在zai二er十shi屆jie中zhong央yang財cai經jing委wei員yuan會hui第di一yi次ci會hui議yi上shang進jin一yi步bu強qiang調tiao,必bi須xu把ba發fa展zhan經jing濟ji的de著zhe力li點dian放fang在zai實shi體ti經jing濟ji上shang,為wei實shi現xian第di二er個ge百bai年nian奮fen鬥dou目mu標biao提ti供gong堅jian強qiang物wu質zhi支zhi撐cheng。黨dang的de二er十shi屆jie三san中zhong全quan會hui亦yi圍wei繞rao推tui動dong實shi體ti經jing濟ji發fa展zhan作zuo出chu部bu署shu,明ming確que提ti出chu“健全促進實體經濟和數字經濟深度融合製度”。
加快建設以實體經濟為支撐的現代化產業體係,就是要堅持以實體經濟為重,著力加快建設實體經濟、科技創新、現代金融、人力資源協同發展的產業體係。一是同步加快推進新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化和農業現代化,鞏固壯大實體經濟;二是讓科技、金融、人才等回歸服務實體經濟屬性,助推實體經濟做強做優做大。這就要求科技創新必須麵向世界科技前沿、麵向經濟主戰場、麵向國家重大需求、麵向人民生命健康,現代金融必須把服務實體經濟作為根本宗旨,人才資源要為全麵建設社會主義現代化國家提供基礎性、戰略性支撐。
智能化、綠色化、融合化——
現代化產業體係建設的切入點
jingjifazhanjieduanbutong,xiandaihuachanyetixijianshederenwuheyaoqiujiuhuibutong,zhejiuxuyaoyijuxinshidaidexintezhengxinrenwuxinyaoqiu,zhaozhunjianshexiandaihuachanyetixideqierudianhefalidian。
智能化是贏得國際競爭優勢的新賽道。數字經濟是繼農業經濟、工業經濟之後的新經濟形態,其發展形成的新技術、新產業、新業態、新模式,可以實現技術的革命性突破、生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)性(xing)配(pei)置(zhi)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)深(shen)度(du)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji),具(ju)有(you)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)全(quan)要(yao)素(su)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)。數(shu)字(zi)經(jing)濟(ji)是(shi)當(dang)今(jin)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)努(nu)力(li)搶(qiang)占(zhan)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)製(zhi)高(gao)點(dian),各(ge)國(guo)紛(fen)紛(fen)製(zhi)定(ding)鼓(gu)勵(li)政(zheng)策(ce),推(tui)進(jin)數(shu)字(zi)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua),甚(shen)至(zhi)一(yi)些(xie)西(xi)方(fang)國(guo)家(jia)為(wei)了(le)構(gou)建(jian)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢(shi),搞(gao)“小院高牆”,對dui我wo國guo數shu字zi技ji術shu和he產chan業ye升sheng級ji進jin行xing全quan麵mian遏e製zhi。激ji烈lie的de國guo際ji競jing爭zheng倒dao逼bi我wo國guo必bi須xu加jia快kuai發fa展zhan數shu字zi經jing濟ji。數shu字zi經jing濟ji是shi我wo國guo發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de關guan鍵jian所suo在zai,但dan目mu前qian我wo國guo數shu字zi經jing濟ji發fa展zhan還hai快kuai而er不bu優you、大da而er不bu強qiang,特te別bie是shi一yi些xie數shu字zi關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu還hai受shou製zhi於yu人ren,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu必bi須xu打da贏ying數shu字zi技ji術shu攻gong堅jian戰zhan,構gou建jian具ju有you國guo際ji競jing爭zheng力li的de數shu字zi產chan業ye,把ba發fa展zhan數shu字zi經jing濟ji的de主zhu動dong權quan牢lao牢lao掌zhang握wo在zai自zi己ji手shou裏li。
lvsehuashigaozhiliangfazhandedise。gaozhiliangfazhanshiquanmianjiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojiadeshouyaorenwu。tuijinjingjigaozhiliangfazhan,jiubixuguancheluoshixinfazhanlinian,jianchilvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshan,jiandingbuyizoushengtaiyouxian、lvsefazhanzhilu。gaozhiliangfazhanshinenggouhenhaomanzurenminriyizengchangdemeihaoshenghuoxuyaodefazhan,suizherenminshourushuipingdetigao,xiaofeijiegoubuduanshengji,renminduishengtaihuanjingdegaishantichulegenggaoqidai,zhejiuyaoqiutuijinzhongguoshixiandaihuabixushixianrenyuziranhexiegongsheng,babaohushengtaihegaishanshengtaitishengdaobaohushengchanlihefazhanshengchanlidegaodu,zouchuyitiaoshengchanfazhan、生活富裕、shengtailianghaodewenmingfazhandaolu。gaozhiliangfazhanshixinzhishengchanlituidongdefazhan,xinzhishengchanlibenshenjiushilvseshengchanli,zhejiuxuyaojiakuailvsekejichuangxinhexianjinlvsejishutuiguangyingyong,zuoqianglvsezhizaoye,fazhanlvsefuwuye,zhuangdalvsenengyuanchanye,fazhanlvseditanchanyehegongyinglian,goujianlvseditanxunhuanjingjitixi。
融合化是數字經濟時代產業現代化的必由之路。數字經濟具有高創新性、強滲透性、廣覆蓋性,不僅是新的經濟增長點,而且是改造提升傳統產業的支點,這就需要推動數字技術賦能產業發展,加快農業、工業、服fu務wu業ye的de數shu字zi化hua轉zhuan型xing。數shu字zi經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de重zhong點dian是shi產chan業ye數shu字zi化hua,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu發fa揮hui我wo國guo海hai量liang數shu據ju優you勢shi和he廣guang闊kuo應ying用yong場chang景jing優you勢shi,推tui動dong數shu字zi技ji術shu與yu其qi他ta產chan業ye深shen度du融rong合he,做zuo強qiang做zuo優you做zuo大da數shu字zi經jing濟ji。數shu字zi經jing濟ji對dui服fu務wu業ye的de滲shen透tou率lv遠yuan遠yuan高gao於yu農nong業ye和he工gong業ye,這zhe就jiu需xu要yao在zai同tong步bu推tui進jin新xin型xing工gong業ye化hua、信息化、城鎮化和農業現代化進程中,堅持三次產業融合發展。
推進產業智能化、綠色化、融合化,是我國在新發展階段建設現代化產業體係的重大舉措,需要充分發揮社會主義市場經濟製度優勢,通過產權保護、健全市場體係和完善市場機製,促進要素自由合理流動,特別是創新資源要素的有效集聚,以科技創新引領產業創新;通過進一步完善產業政策,強化戰略性領域頂層設計,增強產業政策協同性,為現代化產業體係建設提供有效政策支持和製度保障。
完整性、先進性、安全性——
現代化產業體係建設的落腳點
推進產業智能化、綠色化、融合化,目的就是要建設具有完整性、先進性、安全性的現代化產業體係。
完wan整zheng性xing就jiu是shi要yao把ba我wo國guo的de現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi建jian設she成cheng為wei係xi統tong化hua的de產chan業ye生sheng態tai。堅jian持chi產chan業ye優you化hua升sheng級ji係xi統tong推tui進jin,既ji要yao推tui動dong傳chuan統tong產chan業ye轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji,不bu能neng將jiang其qi當dang成cheng“低端產業”jiandantuichu,youyaojianchikejichuangxin,shixiankejiziliziqiang,fazhanjuyouguojijingzhenglidezhanlvexingxinxingchanye,haiyaojiadajichuyanjiuheyingyongyanjiu,chanchuyuanchuangxing、顛覆性科技成果,前瞻布局未來產業,培育新的經濟增長點。堅持實體經濟與虛擬經濟協調發展,既要加快建設農業強國、製造強國、質量強國、航天強國、交通強國、網絡強國、shuzizhongguo,yeyaojianchijinrongfuwushitijingjidegenbenzongzhi,jianshejinrongqiangguo,cujinshitijingjiyuxunijingjiliangxinghudong。jianchicujinyiersanchanyexietiaofazhan,jiyaoyijuxinxinggongyehua、信息化、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)同(tong)步(bu)推(tui)進(jin)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),促(cu)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)融(rong)合(he)發(fa)展(zhan),又(you)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)工(gong)業(ye)是(shi)立(li)國(guo)之(zhi)本(ben)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)是(shi)強(qiang)國(guo)之(zhi)基(ji)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),夯(hang)實(shi)完(wan)備(bei)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)和(he)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)製(zhi)造(zao)能(neng)力(li),保(bao)持(chi)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)基(ji)本(ben)穩(wen)定(ding)。堅(jian)持(chi)推(tui)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)分(fen)工(gong)協(xie)作(zuo),既(ji)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)大(da)力(li)建(jian)設(she)世(shi)界(jie)一(yi)流(liu)企(qi)業(ye),形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)我(wo)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian),促(cu)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)集(ji)群(qun)式(shi)發(fa)展(zhan),又(you)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)開(kai)放(fang)合(he)作(zuo),充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)內(nei)國(guo)際(ji)兩(liang)個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)兩(liang)種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan),推(tui)進(jin)區(qu)域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)。現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)提(ti)出(chu),突(tu)破(po)了(le)從(cong)一(yi)二(er)三(san)次(ci)產(chan)業(ye)視(shi)角(jiao)建(jian)設(she)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)局(ju)限(xian),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)更(geng)具(ju)包(bao)容(rong)性(xing)、更有解釋力、更加多元化的現代化產業體係建設思路。
xianjinxingjiushiyaojianshenenggoucujinxinzhishengchanlifazhandexiandaihuachanyetixi。xinzhishengchanlidetedianshichuangxin,zhejiuyaoqiuxiandaihuachanyetixibixushiyigebuduanchuangxinshengjiyouhuadechanyeshengtaixitong,jiyirenminduimeihaoshenghuodexuyaoweixuqiudaoxiang,qianyingonggeicejiegouxinggaigebuduanshenhua,jiejuegonggeidebupinghengbuchongfenwenti,yishijieqianyanjishuweiyinling,cuishengjishu、產品、產業、業態、moshidengxiliechuangxin,yongxingonggeichuangzaoxinxuqiu,shigongqiuzaigenggaoshuipingshangshixiandongtaipingheng。xinzhishengchanlideguanjianzaizhiyou,zhejiuyaoqiuxiandaihuachanyetixibixujianlizaixindejishujichushang。makesimingquezhichu,gezhongjingjishidaidequbie,buzaiyushengchanshenme,erzaiyuzenyangshengchan,yongshenmelaodongziliaoshengchan。zhejiuyiweizhe,butongjingjishidaidequbie,buzaiyuchanyedebutong,erzaiyuchanyedejishujichubutong,congershichanyejuyoubutongdejishuxingzhi。zaigongyejingjixingtaixia,jixiexingdelaodongziliaoshishengchandegugexitonghejirouxitong,duijingjixingtaidexingzhijuyoujuedingxingyiyi。zaishuzijingjixingtaixia,zhinenghuadelaodongziliaoqudaijixiexingdelaodongziliao,duijingjixingtaidexingzhifahuijuedingxingzuoyong。yinci,“質優”,在zai工gong業ye經jing濟ji時shi代dai體ti現xian為wei工gong業ye化hua,在zai數shu字zi經jing濟ji時shi代dai就jiu不bu僅jin體ti現xian為wei工gong業ye化hua,還hai體ti現xian為wei數shu字zi化hua。新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de本ben質zhi是shi先xian進jin生sheng產chan力li,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi必bi須xu能neng夠gou創chuang造zao出chu先xian進jin生sheng產chan力li。馬ma克ke思si在zai談tan到dao工gong業ye革ge命ming時shi指zhi出chu:“機(ji)器(qi)的(de)采(cai)用(yong),化(hua)學(xue)在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong),輪(lun)船(chuan)的(de)行(xing)駛(shi),鐵(tie)路(lu)的(de)通(tong)行(xing),電(dian)報(bao)的(de)使(shi)用(yong),整(zheng)個(ge)整(zheng)個(ge)大(da)陸(lu)的(de)開(kai)墾(ken),河(he)川(chuan)的(de)通(tong)航(hang),仿(fang)佛(fo)用(yong)法(fa)術(shu)從(cong)地(di)下(xia)呼(hu)喚(huan)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)大(da)量(liang)人(ren)口(kou)——過去哪一個世紀料想到在社會勞動裏蘊藏有這樣的生產力呢?”這就使“資產階級在它的不到一百年的階級統治中所創造的生產力,比過去一切世代創造的全部生產力還要多,還要大”。在今天的數字經濟時代,數字技術、數shu字zi產chan業ye是shi新xin一yi輪lun國guo際ji競jing爭zheng的de重zhong點dian領ling域yu,必bi須xu搶qiang占zhan數shu字zi經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de製zhi高gao點dian。產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing是shi一yi個ge曆li史shi範fan疇chou,在zai不bu同tong的de經jing濟ji時shi代dai具ju有you不bu同tong的de內nei涵han,但dan它ta的de共gong同tong點dian是shi,就jiu不bu同tong經jing濟ji時shi代dai而er言yan,它ta能neng夠gou創chuang造zao出chu比bi以yi往wang任ren何he時shi代dai都dou要yao高gao得de多duo的de勞lao動dong生sheng產chan率lv;就同一時代的不同國家而言,它能夠創造出比其他國家都要快的經濟增長。
安全性就是要打造自主可控、安全可靠、競jing爭zheng力li強qiang的de現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi。自zi主zhu可ke控kong主zhu要yao是shi指zhi關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu特te別bie是shi數shu字zi技ji術shu必bi須xu牢lao牢lao掌zhang握wo在zai自zi己ji手shou裏li,為wei建jian設she現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi提ti供gong可ke靠kao的de技ji術shu保bao障zhang。核he心xin技ji術shu受shou製zhi於yu人ren是shi我wo們men最zui大da的de隱yin患huan。習xi近jin平ping總zong書shu記ji指zhi出chu,一yi個ge互hu聯lian網wang企qi業ye即ji便bian規gui模mo再zai大da、市值再高,如果核心元器件嚴重依賴外國,供應鏈的“命門”zhangwozaibierenshouli,najiuhaobizaibierendeqiangjishangqifangzi,zaidazaipiaoliangyekenengjingbuqifengyu,shenzhihuibukanyiji。anquankekaoshizhitongguoxiandaihuachanyetixijianshe,keyiyouxiaofangfanhuajiezhongdajingjifengxian,shixianliangshianquan、能源安全、金融安全、產業鏈供應鏈安全,為經濟高質量發展創造安全穩定的環境。競爭力強是指現代化產業體係必須在激烈的國際競爭中具有技術優勢、產業鏈供應鏈優勢和市場競爭綜合優勢,這就要求實現技術創新從跟跑到並跑再到領跑的躍升,打造世界一流領軍企業,培育專精特新“小巨人”企業,實現產業鏈供應鏈向高端攀升,加強對整個產業鏈供應鏈的控製力和影響力。
在建設現代化產業體係中,完整性、先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)和(he)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)相(xiang)輔(fu)相(xiang)成(cheng),缺(que)一(yi)不(bu)可(ke)。完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)和(he)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)是(shi)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)和(he)基(ji)礎(chu),安(an)全(quan)性(xing)則(ze)是(shi)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)和(he)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)保(bao)障(zhang)。完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)為(wei)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)場(chang)景(jing)優(you)勢(shi),通(tong)過(guo)可(ke)觀(guan)的(de)利(li)潤(run)回(hui)報(bao)和(he)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)分(fen)攤(tan)激(ji)勵(li)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin),先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li),彰(zhang)顯(xian)了(le)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)的(de)綜(zong)合(he)優(you)勢(shi)。建(jian)設(she)以(yi)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)為(wei)支(zhi)撐(cheng)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi),要(yao)將(jiang)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)、先進性、安全性統一起來,瞄準智能化、綠色化、ronghehuafangxiangxietongtuijin,buduanwanshanchanyetixi,zheligoujianyipixindezengchangyinqing,tishengchanyeliangongyinglianrenxingheanquanshuiping,weizaiweilaifazhanheguojijingzhengzhongyingdezhanlvezhudongtigongzhicheng。