http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-14 08:17:49 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、支zhi撐cheng力li。麵mian對dui新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge的de曆li史shi性xing機ji遇yu,唯wei有you牢lao牢lao把ba握wo新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li這zhe一yi關guan鍵jian變bian量liang,才cai能neng從cong根gen本ben上shang增zeng強qiang我wo國guo經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de內nei生sheng動dong力li,在zai日ri趨qu激ji烈lie的de全quan球qiu競jing爭zheng中zhong重zhong塑su優you勢shi、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)決(jue)定(ding)著(zhe)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)高(gao)度(du),也(ye)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhe)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)未(wei)來(lai)在(zai)全(quan)球(qiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)格(ge)局(ju)中(zhong)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)位(wei)勢(shi)。盡(jin)管(guan)我(wo)國(guo)一(yi)些(xie)關(guan)鍵(jian)領(ling)域(yu)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)人(ren)的(de)局(ju)麵(mian)還(hai)沒(mei)有(you)從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)得(de)到(dao)改(gai)變(bian),但(dan)這(zhe)些(xie)亟(ji)待(dai)突(tu)破(po)的(de)卡(ka)點(dian)堵(du)點(dian),正(zheng)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)未(wei)來(lai)發(fa)力(li)的(de)主(zhu)攻(gong)方(fang)向(xiang),其(qi)背(bei)後(hou)蘊(yun)藏(zang)著(zhe)構(gou)築(zhu)國(guo)家(jia)競(jing)爭(zheng)新(xin)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)潛(qian)力(li)和(he)戰(zhan)略(lve)空(kong)間(jian)。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、高gao質zhi量liang特te征zheng。加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,有you利li於yu實shi現xian高gao水shui平ping科ke技ji自zi立li自zi強qiang,增zeng強qiang經jing濟ji競jing爭zheng力li。這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu瞄miao準zhun科ke技ji前qian沿yan,全quan力li攻gong堅jian關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu,以yi突tu破po性xing成cheng果guo催cui生sheng新xin動dong能neng。堅jian持chi一yi體ti推tui進jin教jiao育yu科ke技ji人ren才cai發fa展zhan,促cu進jin科ke技ji創chuang新xin與yu產chan業ye創chuang新xin深shen度du融rong合he,提ti升sheng國guo家jia創chuang新xin體ti係xi整zheng體ti效xiao能neng,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li,搶qiang占zhan未wei來lai科ke技ji製zhi高gao點dian。同tong時shi,發fa揮hui科ke技ji創chuang新xin的de引yin領ling作zuo用yong,全quan麵mian實shi施shi“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、tizhixingjizhouqixingwentijiaozhidetiaozhan,hexinwentizaiyukejichuangxinnenglibuzu,duijingjishehuifazhandezhichengzuoyongweinengchongfenxianxian,gaozhiliangkejigonggeirengxianqianque。xinzhishengchanlizaizaiticengmian,gengduotixianzaigaozhiliang、高效能、高(gao)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)上(shang)。加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),能(neng)夠(gou)以(yi)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)領(ling)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan),增(zeng)強(qiang)經(jing)濟(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)。這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)深(shen)入(ru)實(shi)施(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve),促(cu)進(jin)創(chuang)新(xin)鏈(lian)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)無(wu)縫(feng)對(dui)接(jie),通(tong)過(guo)強(qiang)鏈(lian)補(bu)鏈(lian)延(yan)鏈(lian)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)整(zheng)體(ti)效(xiao)能(neng)。通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)提(ti)升(sheng)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,既ji驅qu動dong發fa展zhan,也ye潛qian藏zang風feng險xian,需xu要yao在zai發fa展zhan和he安an全quan之zhi間jian找zhao到dao平ping衡heng點dian,護hu航hang因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li。為wei此ci,需xu加jia快kuai完wan善shan國guo家jia創chuang新xin體ti係xi,突tu破po關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu瓶ping頸jing,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li,有you效xiao降jiang低di外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing。加jia強qiang對dui科ke技ji發fa展zhan趨qu勢shi、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、shehuifengxianyulunlitiaozhanjinxingxitongpingguyuyuanjianshe,goujiankejianquanfengxianjianceyujingheyingduitixi,jiaqiangkejijichutiaojianzizhubaozhang。tongshi,jijicanyuquanqiukejizhili,hongyangkejixiangshanlinian,rangkejifazhanzaofugeguohegeguorenmin。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、全quan而er不bu精jing的de問wen題ti。要yao堅jian持chi把ba發fa展zhan經jing濟ji的de著zhe力li點dian放fang在zai實shi體ti經jing濟ji上shang,加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,構gou建jian以yi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye為wei骨gu幹gan的de現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi,使shi之zhi更geng具ju有you完wan整zheng性xing、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、產chan業ye體ti係xi完wan備bei,形xing成cheng完wan整zheng且qie有you韌ren性xing的de產chan業ye鏈lian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye在zai我wo國guo產chan業ye發fa展zhan中zhong發fa揮hui著zhe重zhong要yao作zuo用yong,既ji是shi構gou建jian現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de基ji石shi,也ye是shi加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao著zhe力li點dian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye不bu等deng於yu落luo後hou產chan業ye,運yun用yong新xin技ji術shu對dui其qi進jin行xing改gai造zao提ti升sheng,是shi因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao路lu徑jing。隨sui著zhe新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge深shen入ru發fa展zhan,傳chuan統tong產chan業ye廣guang泛fan引yin入ru新xin技ji術shu、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、dinenghaodechuangxinchanpin。zhebiaoming,fazhanxinzhishengchanliyuchuantongchanyezhuanxingshengjimibukefen,fazhanxinzhishengchanlijuebuyiweizhehushishenzhifangqichuantongchanye,eryingzaibaochizhizaoyehelibizhong、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
著zhe眼yan先xian進jin性xing,大da力li發fa展zhan新xin興xing產chan業ye和he未wei來lai產chan業ye。現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing主zhu要yao是shi指zhi產chan業ye體ti係xi具ju備bei較jiao強qiang的de技ji術shu創chuang新xin能neng力li,能neng適shi應ying新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge要yao求qiu,產chan業ye發fa展zhan符fu合he智zhi能neng化hua、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、gaibianjingzhenggejudeguanjianliliang。shijieqiangguoqiangdadejingzhengli,hendachengdushangyuanyuqiduizhanlvexingxinxingchanyeheweilaichanyedeqianzhanbujuyuzhanlvetouru。dangqianwoguojiudeshengchanhanshuzuhefangshiyijingnanyichixu,bixujiasutishengchanyetixidexianjinxing。zhelidazaoxinxingzhizhuchanye,shishichanyechuangxingongcheng,jiakuaixinnengyuan、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、diliudaiyidongtongxindengchengweixindejingjizengchangdian,jianliweilaichanyetouruzengchanghefengxianfendanjizhi,cujinzhongxiaoqiyezhuanjingtexinfazhan,genghaotuidongjingjikechixufazhan。
著zhe眼yan安an全quan性xing,增zeng強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing和he競jing爭zheng力li。產chan業ye體ti係xi的de安an全quan性xing,主zhu要yao表biao現xian為wei產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian安an全quan可ke靠kao,產chan業ye關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu自zi主zhu可ke控kong,各ge產chan業ye有you序xu鏈lian接jie,國guo民min經jing濟ji循xun環huan高gao效xiao暢chang通tong。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao強qiang化hua關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu攻gong關guan,逐zhu步bu擺bai脫tuo外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng應ying對dui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、xinxingchanyejianlian,zengqiangchanyeliangongyinglianrenxingheanquanshuiping。youhuazhongdashengchanlibuju,fahuizhongdianquyuzengchangjizuoyong,tuidongchanyezaibutongdiqujianyouxuzhuanyi,jiansheguojiazhanlvefudiheguanjianchanyebeifen,tigaochanyetixidekangfengxiannengli。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
dangjinshijie,shichangyichengweizuixiquedeziyuan,erwoguoyongyoudechaodaguimoguoneishichang,zhengshiwomencanyuguojijingzhengdeguanjianyoushi。fazhanxinzhishengchanli,libukaijishudeguangfankuosanyushichangdechixutuozhan,weixinjishuxinchanpintuiguangyingyongtigongfengfudeyingyongchangjingheshichangkongjian。lishijingyanbiaoming,juyouchaodaguimoshichangdeguojiahediquwangwangdouyoujiaoqiangdeguojijingzhengli。raneryeyaokandao,dangqianwoguoshichangtixirengbujianquan,“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、shehuixinyongdengshichangjingjijichuzhidu,jianshegaobiaozhunshichangtixi。guanjianyaozhelipochushichangbilei,dapodiqufengeyugezhongxingshidedifangbaohu,chongfenjifashichangneishengdongli。tongguojianshequanguotongyidashichang,yindaoxianjinyouzhishengchanyaosuxiangxinzhishengchanlilingyushunchanghuiju,shixiankuachanye、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、供gong給gei和he需xu求qiu良liang性xing互hu動dong,增zeng強qiang國guo內nei大da循xun環huan內nei生sheng動dong力li和he可ke靠kao性xing。大da力li提ti振zhen消xiao費fei,落luo實shi大da規gui模mo設she備bei更geng新xin和he消xiao費fei品pin以yi舊jiu換huan新xin相xiang關guan政zheng策ce,把ba我wo國guo超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang需xu求qiu和he應ying用yong場chang景jing豐feng富fu的de市shi場chang優you勢shi轉zhuan化hua為wei推tui動dong新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan的de強qiang大da內nei生sheng動dong力li。
市(shi)場(chang)分(fen)割(ge)與(yu)地(di)方(fang)保(bao)護(hu)是(shi)建(jian)設(she)全(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一(yi)大(da)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)障(zhang)礙(ai),也(ye)是(shi)製(zhi)約(yue)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)要(yao)素(su)自(zi)由(you)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)深(shen)層(ceng)次(ci)瓶(ping)頸(jing)。發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),要(yao)求(qiu)堅(jian)持(chi)全(quan)國(guo)一(yi)盤(pan)棋(qi),打(da)通(tong)製(zhi)約(yue)要(yao)素(su)暢(chang)通(tong)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)卡(ka)點(dian)堵(du)點(dian),實(shi)現(xian)資(zi)源(yuan)高(gao)效(xiao)組(zu)合(he)和(he)協(xie)同(tong)創(chuang)新(xin)。為(wei)此(ci),要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)有(you)效(xiao)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)有(you)為(wei)政(zheng)府(fu)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he),統(tong)一(yi)政(zheng)府(fu)行(xing)為(wei)尺(chi)度(du),自(zi)覺(jiao)破(po)除(chu)封(feng)閉(bi)小(xiao)市(shi)場(chang)、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”jingzheng。tongshi,yingqianghuafazhiyinlingyubaozhangzuoyong,yunyongfalvshouduanguifanshichangjingzheng,qianghuazhidutongyiyujianguanxietiao,jiakuaiqinglifeichufangaiquanguotongyishichanghegongpingjingzhengdegezhongguidinghezuofa,quanmianluoshi“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
xinzhishengchanliyijishuchuangxinweizhongyaoyinqing,yishichangxuqiuweiguanjianqianyin。jiakuaixinzhishengchanlifazhan,bujinnengmanzuxiaofeishengjixuqiu,gengnengtongguodianfuxingjishuhechuangxinchanpinchuangzaoxuqiu,tuidonggongxushuangfangdediedaishengjiyuxianghucujin,shixiangaoshuipingdongtaipingheng。yaofahuiwoguochaodaguimoshichangyoushi,tuidongshichangyou“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、hezuogongyingdequyuxietongchuangxingeju。kuodagaoshuipingduiwaikaifang,liyongguoneiguojishichangdexietongzuoyongheguimojingjixiaoying,datongguoneiwaigaoduanyaosushichang,zengqiangduiquanqiuyouzhiziyuandejijunengli,dazaoxiyinguojichuangxinyaosude“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”hendachengdujiutixianzailvsefazhanshang。lvshuiqingshanyunhanzhewuqiongdejingjijiazhi,nengyuanyuanbuduanchuangzaozonghexiaoyi,zhichengjingjishehuikechixufazhan。dangqian,jinguanshengtaihuanjingbaohurenwujianju,danshengtaihuanjingyezaichixugaishan,buduanyunyuzhexindejingzhengyoushi。zheyouzhuyutuidongditan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li本ben質zhi上shang是shi先xian進jin生sheng產chan力li質zhi態tai,不bu僅jin要yao求qiu重zhong構gou生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan邏luo輯ji,更geng強qiang調tiao人ren與yu自zi然ran和he諧xie共gong生sheng。堅jian持chi以yi創chuang新xin驅qu動dong綠lv色se變bian革ge,通tong過guo科ke技ji賦fu能neng推tui動dong生sheng產chan要yao素su的de綠lv色se轉zhuan型xing與yu高gao效xiao配pei置zhi,進jin而er將jiang綠lv色se技ji術shu、xianjinchanyeyuditanshenghuofangshiquanmianrongrushengtaiwenmingjianshe,zhizaitupoziyuanhuanjingyueshu,kaipikechixufazhanxinlujing。zaishijianzhong,yaoquanmiantishenglvsekejichuangxinnengli,zuzhikaizhanlvsekejigongguan,jiaqiangshuzijishuyulvsejishuderonghe,jiakuaichanyelvsezhuanxingshengji,dazaogaoxiaoshengtailvsechanyejiqun。jiakuaigoujianlvseditanxunhuanfazhanjingjitixi,zhuangdalvsechanyehelvsejingjiguimo,xianzhujiangdiquanliantiaonenghaowuhao,xingchengkejihanlianggao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li區qu別bie於yu傳chuan統tong生sheng產chan力li的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao方fang麵mian,就jiu是shi將jiang生sheng態tai環huan境jing等deng要yao素su納na入ru生sheng產chan函han數shu,加jia強qiang綠lv色se科ke技ji創chuang新xin,提ti高gao資zi源yuan利li用yong效xiao率lv。加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,就jiu要yao牢lao固gu樹shu立li和he踐jian行xing綠lv水shui青qing山shan就jiu是shi金jin山shan銀yin山shan的de理li念nian,堅jian定ding不bu移yi走zou生sheng態tai優you先xian、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
生sheng態tai安an全quan是shi國guo家jia安an全quan的de重zhong要yao基ji石shi。作zuo為wei綠lv色se生sheng產chan力li,新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan與yu生sheng態tai安an全quan緊jin密mi相xiang連lian。必bi須xu堅jian持chi以yi總zong體ti國guo家jia安an全quan觀guan為wei指zhi導dao,從cong保bao障zhang國guo家jia生sheng態tai安an全quan、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、穩wen定ding性xing和he持chi續xu性xing。要yao紮zha實shi推tui進jin生sheng態tai保bao護hu修xiu複fu,強qiang化hua監jian管guan效xiao能neng,加jia快kuai建jian設she國guo家jia生sheng態tai安an全quan屏ping障zhang,為wei子zi孫sun後hou代dai留liu下xia山shan清qing水shui秀xiu的de生sheng態tai空kong間jian。持chi續xu推tui進jin汙wu染ran防fang治zhi攻gong堅jian和he生sheng態tai係xi統tong優you化hua,積ji極ji有you效xiao應ying對dui各ge種zhong生sheng態tai環huan境jing風feng險xian挑tiao戰zhan,把ba生sheng態tai環huan境jing風feng險xian納na入ru常chang態tai化hua管guan理li,係xi統tong構gou建jian全quan過guo程cheng、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。