http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 11:07:58 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
水是生命之源、生產之要、生態之基。興水利、除水害,事關人類生存、經濟發展、社(she)會(hui)進(jin)步(bu),曆(li)來(lai)是(shi)治(zhi)國(guo)安(an)邦(bang)的(de)大(da)事(shi)。促(cu)進(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)長(chang)期(qi)平(ping)穩(wen)較(jiao)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)社(she)會(hui)和(he)諧(xie)穩(wen)定(ding),奪(duo)取(qu)全(quan)麵(mian)建(jian)設(she)小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)會(hui)新(xin)勝(sheng)利(li),必(bi)須(xu)下(xia)決(jue)心(xin)加(jia)快(kuai)水(shui)利(li)發(fa)展(zhan),切(qie)實(shi)增(zeng)強(qiang)水(shui)利(li)支(zhi)撐(cheng)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)力(li),實(shi)現(xian)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)利(li)用(yong)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)我(wo)國(guo)頻(pin)繁(fan)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)嚴(yan)重(zhong)水(shui)旱(han)災(zai)害(hai),造(zao)成(cheng)重(zhong)大(da)生(sheng)命(ming)財(cai)產(chan)損(sun)失(shi),暴(bao)露(lu)出(chu)農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)等(deng)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)十(shi)分(fen)薄(bo)弱(ruo),必(bi)須(xu)大(da)力(li)加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)。現(xian)就(jiu)加(jia)快(kuai)水(shui)利(li)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan),作(zuo)出(chu)如(ru)下(xia)決(jue)定(ding)。
一、新形勢下水利的戰略地位
(一)水(shui)利(li)麵(mian)臨(lin)的(de)新(xin)形(xing)勢(shi)。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)立(li)以(yi)來(lai),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)以(yi)來(lai),黨(dang)和(he)國(guo)家(jia)始(shi)終(zhong)高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視(shi)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)作(zuo),領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)民(min)開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)氣(qi)壯(zhuang)山(shan)河(he)的(de)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she),取(qu)得(de)了(le)舉(ju)世(shi)矚(zhu)目(mu)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)成(cheng)就(jiu),為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)、人民安居樂業作出了突出貢獻。但必須看到,人多水少、shuiziyuanshikongfenbubujunshiwoguodejibenguoqingshuiqing。honglaozaihaipinfanrengranshizhonghuaminzudexinfudahuan,shuiziyuangongxumaoduntuchurengranshikechixufazhandezhuyaopingjing,nongtianshuilijianshezhihourengranshiyingxiangnongyewendingfazhanheguojialiangshianquandezuidayingshang,shuilisheshiboruorengranshiguojiajichusheshidemingxianduanban。suizhegongyehua、chengzhenhuashenrufazhan,quanqiuqihoubianhuayingxiangjiada,woguoshuilimianlindexingshigengquyanjun,zengqiangfangzaijianzainengliyaoqiuyuelaiyuepoqie,qianghuashuiziyuanjieyuebaohugongzuoyuelaiyuefanzhong,jiakuainiuzhuannongyezhuyao“靠天吃飯”局麵任務越來越艱巨。2010年西南地區發生特大幹旱、多數省區市遭受洪澇災害、部分地方突發嚴重山洪泥石流,再次警示我們加快水利建設刻不容緩。
(二)新xin形xing勢shi下xia水shui利li的de地di位wei和he作zuo用yong。水shui利li是shi現xian代dai農nong業ye建jian設she不bu可ke或huo缺que的de首shou要yao條tiao件jian,是shi經jing濟ji社she會hui發fa展zhan不bu可ke替ti代dai的de基ji礎chu支zhi撐cheng,是shi生sheng態tai環huan境jing改gai善shan不bu可ke分fen割ge的de保bao障zhang係xi統tong,具ju有you很hen強qiang的de公gong益yi性xing、基礎性、戰略性。加快水利改革發展,不僅事關農業農村發展,而且事關經濟社會發展全局;不僅關係到防洪安全、供水安全、糧食安全,而且關係到經濟安全、生態安全、國家安全。要把水利工作擺上黨和國家事業發展更加突出的位置,著力加快農田水利建設,推動水利實現跨越式發展。
二、水利改革發展的指導思想、目標任務和基本原則
(三)指導思想。全麵貫徹黨的十七大和十七屆三中、四中、五中全會精神,以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”zhongyaosixiangweizhidao,shenruguancheluoshikexuefazhanguan,bashuilizuoweiguojiajichusheshijianshedeyouxianlingyu,banongtianshuilizuoweinongcunjichusheshijianshedezhongdianrenwu,bayangeshuiziyuanguanlizuoweijiakuaizhuanbianjingjifazhanfangshidezhanlvejucuo,zhuzhongkexuezhishui、依yi法fa治zhi水shui,突tu出chu加jia強qiang薄bo弱ruo環huan節jie建jian設she,大da力li發fa展zhan民min生sheng水shui利li,不bu斷duan深shen化hua水shui利li改gai革ge,加jia快kuai建jian設she節jie水shui型xing社she會hui,促cu進jin水shui利li可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan,努nu力li走zou出chu一yi條tiao中zhong國guo特te色se水shui利li現xian代dai化hua道dao路lu。
(四)目標任務。力爭通過5年到10年努力,從根本上扭轉水利建設明顯滯後的局麵。到2020年,基本建成防洪抗旱減災體係,重點城市和防洪保護區防洪能力明顯提高,抗旱能力顯著增強,“十二五”期間基本完成重點中小河流(包括大江大河支流、獨流入海河流和內陸河流)重要河段治理、全麵完成小型水庫除險加固和山洪災害易發區預警預報係統建設;基本建成水資源合理配置和高效利用體係,全國年用水總量力爭控製在6700億yi立li方fang米mi以yi內nei,城cheng鄉xiang供gong水shui保bao證zheng率lv顯xian著zhu提ti高gao,城cheng鄉xiang居ju民min飲yin水shui安an全quan得de到dao全quan麵mian保bao障zhang,萬wan元yuan國guo內nei生sheng產chan總zong值zhi和he萬wan元yuan工gong業ye增zeng加jia值zhi用yong水shui量liang明ming顯xian降jiang低di,農nong田tian灌guan溉gai水shui有you效xiao利li用yong係xi數shu提ti高gao到dao0.55以上,“十二五”期間新增農田有效灌溉麵積4000萬畝;jibenjianchengshuiziyuanbaohuhehehujiankangbaozhangtixi,zhuyaojianghehuboshuigongnengqushuizhimingxiangaishan,chengzhengongshuishuiyuandishuizhiquanmiandabiao,zhongdianquyushuituliushidedaoyouxiaozhili,dixiashuichaocaijibenezhi;基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)成(cheng)有(you)利(li)於(yu)水(shui)利(li)科(ke)學(xue)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)體(ti)係(xi),最(zui)嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)製(zhi)度(du)基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)立(li),水(shui)利(li)投(tou)入(ru)穩(wen)定(ding)增(zeng)長(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善(shan),有(you)利(li)於(yu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)和(he)合(he)理(li)配(pei)置(zhi)的(de)水(shui)價(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)機(ji)製(zhi)基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)立(li),水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)良(liang)性(xing)運(yun)行(xing)機(ji)製(zhi)基(ji)本(ben)形(xing)成(cheng)。
(五)基(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)則(ze)。一(yi)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)民(min)生(sheng)優(you)先(xian)。著(zhe)力(li)解(jie)決(jue)群(qun)眾(zhong)最(zui)關(guan)心(xin)最(zui)直(zhi)接(jie)最(zui)現(xian)實(shi)的(de)水(shui)利(li)問(wen)題(ti),推(tui)動(dong)民(min)生(sheng)水(shui)利(li)新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)。二(er)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)統(tong)籌(chou)兼(jian)顧(gu)。注(zhu)重(zhong)興(xing)利(li)除(chu)害(hai)結(jie)合(he)、防災減災並重、治標治本兼顧,促進流域與區域、城市與農村、東中西部地區水利協調發展。三要堅持人水和諧。順應自然規律和社會發展規律,合理開發、優化配置、全麵節約、有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)護(hu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)。四(si)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)導(dao)。發(fa)揮(hui)公(gong)共(gong)財(cai)政(zheng)對(dui)水(shui)利(li)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)保(bao)障(zhang)作(zuo)用(yong),形(xing)成(cheng)政(zheng)府(fu)社(she)會(hui)協(xie)同(tong)治(zhi)水(shui)興(xing)水(shui)合(he)力(li)。五(wu)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)改(gai)革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)。加(jia)快(kuai)水(shui)利(li)重(zhong)點(dian)領(ling)域(yu)和(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)環(huan)節(jie)改(gai)革(ge)攻(gong)堅(jian),破(po)解(jie)製(zhi)約(yue)水(shui)利(li)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)體(ti)製(zhi)機(ji)製(zhi)障(zhang)礙(ai)。
三、突出加強農田水利等薄弱環節建設
(六)大興農田水利建設。到2020年,基本完成大型灌區、zhongdianzhongxingguanquxujianpeitaohejieshuigaizaorenwu。jiehequanguoxinzengqianyijinliangshishengchannengliguihuashishi,zaishuituziyuantiaojianjubeidediqu,xinjianyipiguanqu,zengjianongtianyouxiaoguangaimianji。shishidazhongxingguangaipaishuibengzhangengxingaizao,jiaqiangzhongdianlaoquzhili,wanshanguanpaitixi。jianquannongtianshuilijianshexinjizhi,zhongyangheshengjicaizhengyaodafuzengjiazhuanxiangbuzhuzijin,shi、縣xian兩liang級ji政zheng府fu也ye要yao切qie實shi增zeng加jia農nong田tian水shui利li建jian設she投tou入ru,引yin導dao農nong民min自zi願yuan投tou工gong投tou勞lao。加jia快kuai推tui進jin小xiao型xing農nong田tian水shui利li重zhong點dian縣xian建jian設she,優you先xian安an排pai產chan糧liang大da縣xian,加jia強qiang灌guan區qu末mo級ji渠qu係xi建jian設she和he田tian間jian工gong程cheng配pei套tao,促cu進jin旱han澇lao保bao收shou高gao標biao準zhun農nong田tian建jian設she。因yin地di製zhi宜yi興xing建jian中zhong小xiao型xing水shui利li設she施shi,支zhi持chi山shan丘qiu區qu小xiao水shui窖jiao、小水池、小塘壩、小泵站、小水渠等“五小水利”工程建設,重點向革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區傾斜。大力發展節水灌溉,推廣渠道防滲、管道輸水、噴灌滴灌等技術,擴大節水、抗旱設備補貼範圍。積極發展旱作農業,采用地膜覆蓋、深鬆深耕、保護性耕作等技術。穩步發展牧區水利,建設節水高效灌溉飼草料地。
(七)加快中小河流治理和小型水庫除險加固。中小河流治理要優先安排洪澇災害易發、保護區人口密集、baohuduixiangzhongyaodeheliujiheduan,jiagudian,qingyushujun,shizhiliheduanjibendadaoguojiafanghongbiaozhun。gonggudazhongxingbingxianshuikuchuxianjiaguchengguo,jiakuaixiaoxingbingxianshuikuchuxianjiagubufa,jinkuaixiaochushuikuanquanyinhuan,huifufanghongkurong,zengqiangshuiziyuantiaokongnengli。tuijindazhongxingbingxianshuizhachuxianjiagu。shanhongdizhizaihaifangzhiyaojianchigongchengcuoshihefeigongchengcuoshixiangjiehe,zhuajinwanshanzhuanqunjiehedejianceyujingtixi,jiakuaishishifangzaibiranghezhongdianzhili。
(八)抓zhua緊jin解jie決jue工gong程cheng性xing缺que水shui問wen題ti。加jia快kuai推tui進jin西xi南nan等deng工gong程cheng性xing缺que水shui地di區qu重zhong點dian水shui源yuan工gong程cheng建jian設she,堅jian持chi蓄xu引yin提ti與yu合he理li開kai采cai地di下xia水shui相xiang結jie合he,以yi縣xian域yu為wei單dan元yuan,盡jin快kuai建jian設she一yi批pi中zhong小xiao型xing水shui庫ku、引提水和連通工程,支持農民興建小微型水利設施,顯著提高雨洪資源利用和供水保障能力,基本解決缺水城鎮、人口較集中鄉村的供水問題。
(九)提高防汛抗旱應急能力。盡快健全防汛抗旱統一指揮、分級負責、部門協作、反應迅速、協調有序、運yun轉zhuan高gao效xiao的de應ying急ji管guan理li機ji製zhi。加jia強qiang監jian測ce預yu警jing能neng力li建jian設she,加jia大da投tou入ru,整zheng合he資zi源yuan,提ti高gao雨yu情qing汛xun情qing旱han情qing預yu報bao水shui平ping。建jian立li專zhuan業ye化hua與yu社she會hui化hua相xiang結jie合he的de應ying急ji搶qiang險xian救jiu援yuan隊dui伍wu,著zhe力li推tui進jin縣xian鄉xiang兩liang級ji防fang汛xun抗kang旱han服fu務wu組zu織zhi建jian設she,健jian全quan應ying急ji搶qiang險xian物wu資zi儲chu備bei體ti係xi,完wan善shan應ying急ji預yu案an。建jian設she一yi批pi規gui模mo合he理li、標準適度的抗旱應急水源工程,建立應對特大幹旱和突發水安全事件的水源儲備製度。加強人工增雨(雪)作業示範區建設,科學開發利用空中雲水資源。
(十)繼續推進農村飲水安全建設。到2013年解決規劃內農村飲水安全問題,“十二五”期qi間jian基ji本ben解jie決jue新xin增zeng農nong村cun飲yin水shui不bu安an全quan人ren口kou的de飲yin水shui問wen題ti。積ji極ji推tui進jin集ji中zhong供gong水shui工gong程cheng建jian設she,提ti高gao農nong村cun自zi來lai水shui普pu及ji率lv。有you條tiao件jian的de地di方fang延yan伸shen集ji中zhong供gong水shui管guan網wang,發fa展zhan城cheng鄉xiang一yi體ti化hua供gong水shui。加jia強qiang農nong村cun飲yin水shui安an全quan工gong程cheng運yun行xing管guan理li,落luo實shi管guan護hu主zhu體ti,加jia強qiang水shui源yuan保bao護hu和he水shui質zhi監jian測ce,確que保bao工gong程cheng長chang期qi發fa揮hui效xiao益yi。製zhi定ding支zhi持chi農nong村cun飲yin水shui安an全quan工gong程cheng建jian設she的de用yong地di政zheng策ce,確que保bao土tu地di供gong應ying,對dui建jian設she、運行給予稅收優惠,供水用電執行居民生活或農業排灌用電價格。
四、全麵加快水利基礎設施建設
(十一)繼ji續xu實shi施shi大da江jiang大da河he治zhi理li。進jin一yi步bu治zhi理li淮huai河he,搞gao好hao黃huang河he下xia遊you治zhi理li和he長chang江jiang中zhong下xia遊you河he勢shi控kong製zhi,繼ji續xu推tui進jin主zhu要yao江jiang河he河he道dao整zheng治zhi和he堤di防fang建jian設she,加jia強qiang太tai湖hu、洞庭湖、鄱陽湖綜合治理,全麵加快蓄滯洪區建設,合理安排居民遷建。搞好黃河下遊灘區安全建設。“十二五”期qi間jian抓zhua緊jin建jian設she一yi批pi流liu域yu防fang洪hong控kong製zhi性xing水shui利li樞shu紐niu工gong程cheng,不bu斷duan提ti高gao調tiao蓄xu洪hong水shui能neng力li。加jia強qiang城cheng市shi防fang洪hong排pai澇lao工gong程cheng建jian設she,提ti高gao城cheng市shi排pai澇lao標biao準zhun。推tui進jin海hai堤di建jian設she和he跨kua界jie河he流liu整zheng治zhi。
(十二)jiaqiangshuiziyuanpeizhigongchengjianshe。wanshanyouhuashuiziyuanzhanlvepeizhigeju,zaibaohushengtaiqiantixia,jinkuaijiansheyipiguganshuiyuangongchenghehehushuixiliantonggongcheng,tigaoshuiziyuantiaokongshuipinghegongshuibaozhangnengli。jiakuaituijinnanshuibeitiaodongzhongxianyiqigongchengjipeitaogongchengjianshe,quebaogongchengzhiliang,shishikaizhannanshuibeitiaoxixiangongchengqianqiyanjiu。jijituijinyipikualiuyu、區域調水工程建設。著力解決西北等地區資源性缺水問題。大力推進汙水處理回用,積極開展海水淡化和綜合利用,高度重視雨水、微鹹水利用。
(十三)搞好水土保持和水生態保護。實施國家水土保持重點工程,采取小流域綜合治理、淤地壩建設、坡耕地整治、造林綠化、生態修複等措施,有效防治水土流失。進一步加強長江上中遊、黃河上中遊、西南石漠化地區、dongbeiheituqudengzhongdianquyujishanhongdizhizaihaiyifaqudeshuituliushifangzhi。jixutuijinshengtaicuiruoheliuhediqushuishengtaixiufu,jiakuaiwuranyanzhongjianghehuboshuihuanjingzhili。jiaqiangzhongyaoshengtaibaohuqu、水源涵養區、江河源頭區、濕地的保護。實施農村河道綜合整治,大力開展生態清潔型小流域建設。強化生產建設項目水土保持監督管理。建立健全水土保持、建設項目占用水利設施和水域等補償製度。
(十四)合理開發水能資源。在保護生態和農民利益前提下,加快水能資源開發利用。統籌兼顧防洪、灌溉、供水、發電、航(hang)運(yun)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng),科(ke)學(xue)製(zhi)定(ding)規(gui)劃(hua),積(ji)極(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)電(dian),加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li),規(gui)範(fan)開(kai)發(fa)許(xu)可(ke),強(qiang)化(hua)水(shui)電(dian)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)管(guan)。大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)水(shui)電(dian),積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)水(shui)電(dian)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)縣(xian)建(jian)設(she)和(he)小(xiao)水(shui)電(dian)代(dai)燃(ran)料(liao)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she),搞(gao)好(hao)農(nong)村(cun)水(shui)電(dian)配(pei)套(tao)電(dian)網(wang)改(gai)造(zao)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)。
(十五)強化水文氣象和水利科技支撐。加強水文氣象基礎設施建設,擴大覆蓋範圍,優化站網布局,著力增強重點地區、重要城市、地(di)下(xia)水(shui)超(chao)采(cai)區(qu)水(shui)文(wen)測(ce)報(bao)能(neng)力(li),加(jia)快(kuai)應(ying)急(ji)機(ji)動(dong)監(jian)測(ce)能(neng)力(li)建(jian)設(she),實(shi)現(xian)資(zi)料(liao)共(gong)享(xiang),全(quan)麵(mian)提(ti)高(gao)服(fu)務(wu)水(shui)平(ping)。健(jian)全(quan)水(shui)利(li)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)體(ti)係(xi),強(qiang)化(hua)基(ji)礎(chu)條(tiao)件(jian)平(ping)台(tai)建(jian)設(she),加(jia)強(qiang)基(ji)礎(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)發(fa),力(li)爭(zheng)在(zai)水(shui)利(li)重(zhong)點(dian)領(ling)域(yu)、guanjianhuanjiehehexinjishushangshixianxintupo,huodeyipijuyouzhongdashiyongjiazhideyanjiuchengguo,jiadajishuyinjinhetuiguangyingyonglidu。tigaoshuilijishuzhuangbeishuiping。jianlijianquanshuilixingyejishubiaozhun。tuijinshuilixinxihuajianshe,quanmianshishi“金水工程”,加快建設國家防汛抗旱指揮係統和水資源管理信息係統,提高水資源調控、水利管理和工程運行的信息化水平,以水利信息化帶動水利現代化。加強水利國際交流與合作。
五、建立水利投入穩定增長機製
(十六)加大公共財政對水利的投入。多渠道籌集資金,力爭今後10年全社會水利年平均投入比2010niangaochuyibei。fahuizhengfuzaishuilijianshezhongdezhudaozuoyong,jiangshuilizuoweigonggongcaizhengtourudezhongdianlingyu。gejicaizhengduishuilitourudezonglianghezengfuyaoyoumingxiantigao。jinyibutigaoshuilijianshezijinzaiguojiagudingzichantouzizhongdebizhong。dafuduzengjiazhongyanghedifangcaizhengzhuanxiangshuilizijin。congtudichurangshouyizhongtiqu10%用yong於yu農nong田tian水shui利li建jian設she,充chong分fen發fa揮hui新xin增zeng建jian設she用yong地di土tu地di有you償chang使shi用yong費fei等deng土tu地di整zheng治zhi資zi金jin的de綜zong合he效xiao益yi。進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan水shui利li建jian設she基ji金jin政zheng策ce,延yan長chang征zheng收shou年nian限xian,拓tuo寬kuan來lai源yuan渠qu道dao,增zeng加jia收shou入ru規gui模mo。完wan善shan水shui資zi源yuan有you償chang使shi用yong製zhi度du,合he理li調tiao整zheng水shui資zi源yuan費fei征zheng收shou標biao準zhun,擴kuo大da征zheng收shou範fan圍wei,嚴yan格ge征zheng收shou、使(shi)用(yong)和(he)管(guan)理(li)。有(you)重(zhong)點(dian)防(fang)洪(hong)任(ren)務(wu)和(he)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)嚴(yan)重(zhong)短(duan)缺(que)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)要(yao)從(cong)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)設(she)維(wei)護(hu)稅(shui)中(zhong)劃(hua)出(chu)一(yi)定(ding)比(bi)例(li)用(yong)於(yu)城(cheng)市(shi)防(fang)洪(hong)排(pai)澇(lao)和(he)水(shui)源(yuan)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)。切(qie)實(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)利(li)投(tou)資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu)和(he)資(zi)金(jin)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)理(li)。
(十七)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)的(de)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)持(chi)。綜(zong)合(he)運(yun)用(yong)財(cai)政(zheng)和(he)貨(huo)幣(bi)政(zheng)策(ce),引(yin)導(dao)金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)增(zeng)加(jia)水(shui)利(li)信(xin)貸(dai)資(zi)金(jin)。有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)地(di)方(fang)根(gen)據(ju)不(bu)同(tong)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)建(jian)設(she)特(te)點(dian)和(he)項(xiang)目(mu)性(xing)質(zhi),確(que)定(ding)財(cai)政(zheng)貼(tie)息(xi)的(de)規(gui)模(mo)、期限和貼息率。在風險可控的前提下,支持農業發展銀行積極開展水利建設中長期政策性貸款業務。鼓勵國家開發銀行、農業銀行、農村信用社、郵you政zheng儲chu蓄xu銀yin行xing等deng銀yin行xing業ye金jin融rong機ji構gou進jin一yi步bu增zeng加jia農nong田tian水shui利li建jian設she的de信xin貸dai資zi金jin。支zhi持chi符fu合he條tiao件jian的de水shui利li企qi業ye上shang市shi和he發fa行xing債zhai券quan,探tan索suo發fa展zhan大da型xing水shui利li設she備bei設she施shi的de融rong資zi租zu賃lin業ye務wu,積ji極ji開kai展zhan水shui利li項xiang目mu收shou益yi權quan質zhi押ya貸dai款kuan等deng多duo種zhong形xing式shi融rong資zi。鼓gu勵li和he支zhi持chi發fa展zhan洪hong水shui保bao險xian。提ti高gao水shui利li利li用yong外wai資zi的de規gui模mo和he質zhi量liang。
(十八)廣泛吸引社會資金投資水利。鼓勵符合條件的地方政府融資平台公司通過直接、間接融資方式,拓寬水利投融資渠道,吸引社會資金參與水利建設。鼓勵農民自力更生、艱苦奮鬥,在統一規劃基礎上,按照多籌多補、多(duo)幹(gan)多(duo)補(bu)原(yuan)則(ze),加(jia)大(da)一(yi)事(shi)一(yi)議(yi)財(cai)政(zheng)獎(jiang)補(bu)力(li)度(du),充(chong)分(fen)調(tiao)動(dong)農(nong)民(min)興(xing)修(xiu)農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)的(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)。結(jie)合(he)增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)改(gai)革(ge)和(he)立(li)法(fa)進(jin)程(cheng),完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)村(cun)水(shui)電(dian)增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)政(zheng)策(ce)。完(wan)善(shan)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)耕(geng)地(di)占(zhan)用(yong)稅(shui)政(zheng)策(ce)。積(ji)極(ji)穩(wen)妥(tuo)推(tui)進(jin)經(jing)營(ying)性(xing)水(shui)利(li)項(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)行(xing)市(shi)場(chang)融(rong)資(zi)。
六、實行最嚴格的水資源管理製度
(十九)建jian立li用yong水shui總zong量liang控kong製zhi製zhi度du。確que立li水shui資zi源yuan開kai發fa利li用yong控kong製zhi紅hong線xian,抓zhua緊jin製zhi定ding主zhu要yao江jiang河he水shui量liang分fen配pei方fang案an,建jian立li取qu用yong水shui總zong量liang控kong製zhi指zhi標biao體ti係xi。加jia強qiang相xiang關guan規gui劃hua和he項xiang目mu建jian設she布bu局ju水shui資zi源yuan論lun證zheng工gong作zuo,國guo民min經jing濟ji和he社she會hui發fa展zhan規gui劃hua以yi及ji城cheng市shi總zong體ti規gui劃hua的de編bian製zhi、重(zhong)大(da)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)布(bu)局(ju),要(yao)與(yu)當(dang)地(di)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)防(fang)洪(hong)要(yao)求(qiu)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)。嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)論(lun)證(zheng)製(zhi)度(du),對(dui)擅(shan)自(zi)開(kai)工(gong)建(jian)設(she)或(huo)投(tou)產(chan)的(de)一(yi)律(lv)責(ze)令(ling)停(ting)止(zhi)。嚴(yan)格(ge)取(qu)水(shui)許(xu)可(ke)審(shen)批(pi)管(guan)理(li),對(dui)取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)總(zong)量(liang)已(yi)達(da)到(dao)或(huo)超(chao)過(guo)控(kong)製(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)的(de)地(di)區(qu),暫(zan)停(ting)審(shen)批(pi)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)新(xin)增(zeng)取(qu)水(shui);duiquyongshuizongliangjiejinkongzhizhibiaodediqu,xianzhishenpixinzengqushui。yangedixiashuiguanlihebaohu,jinkuaihedingbinggongbujincaihexiancaifanwei,zhubuxuejiandixiashuichaocailiang,shixiancaibupingheng。qianghuashuiziyuantongyitiaodu,xietiaohaoshenghuo、生產、生態環境用水,完善水資源調度方案、應急調度預案和調度計劃。建立和完善國家水權製度,充分運用市場機製優化配置水資源。
(二十)建(jian)立(li)用(yong)水(shui)效(xiao)率(lv)控(kong)製(zhi)製(zhi)度(du)。確(que)立(li)用(yong)水(shui)效(xiao)率(lv)控(kong)製(zhi)紅(hong)線(xian),堅(jian)決(jue)遏(e)製(zhi)用(yong)水(shui)浪(lang)費(fei),把(ba)節(jie)水(shui)工(gong)作(zuo)貫(guan)穿(chuan)於(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)群(qun)眾(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)。加(jia)快(kuai)製(zhi)定(ding)區(qu)域(yu)、行(xing)業(ye)和(he)用(yong)水(shui)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)用(yong)水(shui)效(xiao)率(lv)指(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)水(shui)定(ding)額(e)和(he)計(ji)劃(hua)管(guan)理(li)。對(dui)取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)達(da)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)用(yong)水(shui)戶(hu)實(shi)行(xing)重(zhong)點(dian)監(jian)控(kong)。嚴(yan)格(ge)限(xian)製(zhi)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)不(bu)足(zu)地(di)區(qu)建(jian)設(she)高(gao)耗(hao)水(shui)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)項(xiang)目(mu)。落(luo)實(shi)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)節(jie)水(shui)設(she)施(shi)與(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)同(tong)時(shi)設(she)計(ji)、同時施工、tongshitouchanzhidu。jiakuaishishijieshuijishugaizao,quanmianjiaqiangqiyejieshuiguanli,jianshejieshuishifangongcheng,pujinongyegaoxiaojieshuijishu。zhuajinzhidingjieshuiqiangzhixingbiaozhun,jinkuaitaotaibufuhejieshuibiaozhundeyongshuigongyi、設備和產品。
(二十一)jianlishuigongnengquxianzhinawuzhidu。quelishuigongnengquxianzhinawuhongxian,congyanhedingshuiyunawurongliang,yangekongzhiruhehupaiwuzongliang。gejizhengfuyaobaxianzhipaiwuzongliangzuoweishuiwuranfangzhihewuranjianpaigongzuodezhongyaoyiju,mingquezeren,luoshicuoshi。duipaiwuliangyichaochushuigongnengquxianzhipaiwuzongliangdediqu,xianzhishenpixinzengqushuiheruhepaiwukou。jianlishuigongnengqushuizhidabiaopingjiatixi,wanshanjianceyujingjianduguanlizhidu。jiaqiangshuiyuandibaohu,yifahuadingyinyongshuishuiyuanbaohuqu,qianghuayinyongshuishuiyuanyingjiguanli。jianlishuishengtaibuchangjizhi。
(二十二)建(jian)立(li)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)責(ze)任(ren)和(he)考(kao)核(he)製(zhi)度(du)。縣(xian)級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)要(yao)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)對(dui)本(ben)行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)域(yu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)負(fu)總(zong)責(ze)。嚴(yan)格(ge)實(shi)施(shi)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)考(kao)核(he)製(zhi)度(du),水(shui)行(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)會(hui)同(tong)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門(men),對(dui)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)、jieyuebaohuzhuyaozhibiaodeluoshiqingkuangjinxingkaohe,kaohejieguojiaoyouganbuzhuguanbumen,zuoweidifangzhengfuxiangguanlingdaoganbuzonghekaohepingjiadezhongyaoyiju。jiaqiangshuiliangshuizhijiancenenglijianshe,weiqianghuajiandukaohetigongjishuzhicheng。
七、不斷創新水利發展體製機製
(二十三)完善水資源管理體製。強化城鄉水資源統一管理,對城鄉供水、水資源綜合利用、水環境治理和防洪排澇等實行統籌規劃、協調實施,促進水資源優化配置。完善流域管理與區域管理相結合的水資源管理製度,建立事權清晰、分工明確、行為規範、運轉協調的水資源管理工作機製。進一步完善水資源保護和水汙染防治協調機製。
(二十四)加(jia)快(kuai)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)和(he)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)製(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)。區(qu)分(fen)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)性(xing)質(zhi),分(fen)類(lei)推(tui)進(jin)改(gai)革(ge),健(jian)全(quan)良(liang)性(xing)運(yun)行(xing)機(ji)製(zhi)。深(shen)化(hua)國(guo)有(you)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)製(zhi)改(gai)革(ge),落(luo)實(shi)好(hao)公(gong)益(yi)性(xing)、準公益性水管單位基本支出和維修養護經費。中央財政對中西部地區、貧(pin)困(kun)地(di)區(qu)公(gong)益(yi)性(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)維(wei)修(xiu)養(yang)護(hu)經(jing)費(fei)給(gei)予(yu)補(bu)助(zhu)。妥(tuo)善(shan)解(jie)決(jue)水(shui)管(guan)單(dan)位(wei)分(fen)流(liu)人(ren)員(yuan)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)問(wen)題(ti)。深(shen)化(hua)小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)產(chan)權(quan)製(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge),明(ming)確(que)所(suo)有(you)權(quan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)權(quan),落(luo)實(shi)管(guan)護(hu)主(zhu)體(ti)和(he)責(ze)任(ren),對(dui)公(gong)益(yi)性(xing)小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)護(hu)經(jing)費(fei)給(gei)予(yu)補(bu)助(zhu),探(tan)索(suo)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)和(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)多(duo)種(zhong)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)。對(dui)非(fei)經(jing)營(ying)性(xing)政(zheng)府(fu)投(tou)資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu),加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)行(xing)代(dai)建(jian)製(zhi)。充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)在(zai)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),引(yin)導(dao)經(jing)營(ying)性(xing)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)積(ji)極(ji)走(zou)向(xiang)市(shi)場(chang),完(wan)善(shan)法(fa)人(ren)治(zhi)理(li)結(jie)構(gou),實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)主(zhu)經(jing)營(ying)、自負盈虧。
(二十五)健全基層水利服務體係。建立健全職能明確、布局合理、隊伍精幹、服務到位的基層水利服務體係,全麵提高基層水利服務能力。以鄉鎮或小流域為單元,健全基層水利服務機構,強化水資源管理、防汛抗旱、農田水利建設、水利科技推廣等公益性職能,按規定核定人員編製,經費納入縣級財政預算。大力發展農民用水合作組織。
(二十六)積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)進(jin)水(shui)價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)。充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)水(shui)價(jia)的(de)調(tiao)節(jie)作(zuo)用(yong),兼(jian)顧(gu)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)公(gong)平(ping),大(da)力(li)促(cu)進(jin)節(jie)約(yue)用(yong)水(shui)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(tiao)整(zheng)。工(gong)業(ye)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)用(yong)水(shui)要(yao)逐(zhu)步(bu)實(shi)行(xing)超(chao)額(e)累(lei)進(jin)加(jia)價(jia)製(zhi)度(du),拉(la)開(kai)高(gao)耗(hao)水(shui)行(xing)業(ye)與(yu)其(qi)他(ta)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)水(shui)價(jia)差(cha)價(jia)。合(he)理(li)調(tiao)整(zheng)城(cheng)市(shi)居(ju)民(min)生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)價(jia)格(ge),穩(wen)步(bu)推(tui)行(xing)階(jie)梯(ti)式(shi)水(shui)價(jia)製(zhi)度(du)。按(an)照(zhao)促(cu)進(jin)節(jie)約(yue)用(yong)水(shui)、降低農民水費支出、保bao障zhang灌guan排pai工gong程cheng良liang性xing運yun行xing的de原yuan則ze,推tui進jin農nong業ye水shui價jia綜zong合he改gai革ge,農nong業ye灌guan排pai工gong程cheng運yun行xing管guan理li費fei用yong由you財cai政zheng適shi當dang補bu助zhu,探tan索suo實shi行xing農nong民min定ding額e內nei用yong水shui享xiang受shou優you惠hui水shui價jia、超定額用水累進加價的辦法。
八、切實加強對水利工作的領導
(二十七)luoshigejidangweihezhengfuzeren。gejidangweihezhengfuyaozhanzaiquanjuhezhanlvegaodu,qieshijiaqiangshuiligongzuo,jishiyanjiujiejueshuiligaigefazhanzhongdetuchuwenti。shixingfangxunkanghan、飲水安全保障、水資源管理、水shui庫ku安an全quan管guan理li行xing政zheng首shou長chang負fu責ze製zhi。各ge地di要yao結jie合he實shi際ji,認ren真zhen落luo實shi水shui利li改gai革ge發fa展zhan各ge項xiang措cuo施shi,確que保bao取qu得de實shi效xiao。各ge級ji水shui行xing政zheng主zhu管guan部bu門men要yao切qie實shi增zeng強qiang責ze任ren意yi識shi,認ren真zhen履lv行xing職zhi責ze,抓zhua好hao水shui利li改gai革ge發fa展zhan各ge項xiang任ren務wu的de實shi施shi工gong作zuo。各ge有you關guan部bu門men和he單dan位wei要yao按an照zhao職zhi能neng分fen工gong,盡jin快kuai製zhi定ding完wan善shan各ge項xiang配pei套tao措cuo施shi和he辦ban法fa,形xing成cheng推tui動dong水shui利li改gai革ge發fa展zhan合he力li。把ba加jia強qiang農nong田tian水shui利li建jian設she作zuo為wei農nong村cun基ji層ceng開kai展zhan創chuang先xian爭zheng優you活huo動dong的de重zhong要yao內nei容rong,充chong分fen發fa揮hui農nong村cun基ji層ceng黨dang組zu織zhi的de戰zhan鬥dou堡bao壘lei作zuo用yong和he廣guang大da黨dang員yuan的de先xian鋒feng模mo範fan作zuo用yong,帶dai領ling廣guang大da農nong民min群qun眾zhong加jia快kuai改gai善shan農nong村cun生sheng產chan生sheng活huo條tiao件jian。
(二十八)推進依法治水。建立健全水法規體係,抓緊完善水資源配置、節約保護、防汛抗旱、農村水利、水土保持、流域管理等領域的法律法規。全麵推進水利綜合執法,嚴格執行水資源論證、取水許可、水工程建設規劃同意書、洪水影響評價、水土保持方案等製度。加強河湖管理,嚴禁建設項目非法侵占河湖水域。加強國家防汛抗旱督察工作製度化建設。健全預防為主、預防與調處相結合的水事糾紛調處機製,完善應急預案。深化水行政許可審批製度改革。科學編製水利規劃,完善全國、流域、區(qu)域(yu)水(shui)利(li)規(gui)劃(hua)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)快(kuai)重(zhong)點(dian)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)前(qian)期(qi)工(gong)作(zuo),強(qiang)化(hua)水(shui)利(li)規(gui)劃(hua)對(dui)涉(she)水(shui)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)管(guan)理(li)和(he)約(yue)束(shu)作(zuo)用(yong)。做(zuo)好(hao)水(shui)庫(ku)移(yi)民(min)安(an)置(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo),落(luo)實(shi)後(hou)期(qi)扶(fu)持(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)。
(二十九)加強水利隊伍建設。適應水利改革發展新要求,全麵提升水利係統幹部職工隊伍素質,切實增強水利勘測設計、建設管理和依法行政能力。支持大專院校、中等職業學校水利類專業建設。大力引進、培養、選拔各類管理人才、專業技術人才、高技能人才,完善人才評價、流動、激(ji)勵(li)機(ji)製(zhi)。鼓(gu)勵(li)廣(guang)大(da)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)於(yu)水(shui)利(li)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)第(di)一(yi)線(xian),加(jia)大(da)基(ji)層(ceng)水(shui)利(li)職(zhi)工(gong)在(zai)職(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)和(he)繼(ji)續(xu)培(pei)訓(xun)力(li)度(du),解(jie)決(jue)基(ji)層(ceng)水(shui)利(li)職(zhi)工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)困(kun)難(nan)。廣(guang)大(da)水(shui)利(li)幹(gan)部(bu)職(zhi)工(gong)要(yao)弘(hong)揚(yang)“獻身、負責、求實”的水利行業精神,更加貼近民生,更多服務基層,更好服務經濟社會發展全局。
(三十)動員全社會力量關心支持水利工作。加大力度宣傳國情水情,提高全民水患意識、節水意識、水shui資zi源yuan保bao護hu意yi識shi,廣guang泛fan動dong員yuan全quan社she會hui力li量liang參can與yu水shui利li建jian設she。把ba水shui情qing教jiao育yu納na入ru國guo民min素su質zhi教jiao育yu體ti係xi和he中zhong小xiao學xue教jiao育yu課ke程cheng體ti係xi,作zuo為wei各ge級ji領ling導dao幹gan部bu和he公gong務wu員yuan教jiao育yu培pei訓xun的de重zhong要yao內nei容rong。把ba水shui利li納na入ru公gong益yi性xing宣xuan傳chuan範fan圍wei,為wei水shui利li又you好hao又you快kuai發fa展zhan營ying造zao良liang好hao輿yu論lun氛fen圍wei。對dui在zai加jia快kuai水shui利li改gai革ge發fa展zhan中zhong取qu得de顯xian著zhu成cheng績ji的de單dan位wei和he個ge人ren,各ge級ji政zheng府fu要yao按an照zhao國guo家jia有you關guan規gui定ding給gei予yu表biao彰zhang獎jiang勵li。
加jia快kuai水shui利li改gai革ge發fa展zhan,使shi命ming光guang榮rong,任ren務wu艱jian巨ju,責ze任ren重zhong大da。我wo們men要yao緊jin密mi團tuan結jie在zai以yi胡hu錦jin濤tao同tong誌zhi為wei總zong書shu記ji的de黨dang中zhong央yang周zhou圍wei,與yu時shi俱ju進jin,開kai拓tuo進jin取qu,紮zha實shi工gong作zuo,奮fen力li開kai創chuang水shui利li工gong作zuo新xin局ju麵mian!