http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-07 22:39:26 來源:《中國機電工業》
在這個建立於車輪之上的新世紀裏,沒有人會質疑汽車工業在國民經濟中所占的重要地位。2008年,金融危機襲來的時候,世界各國的第一反應便是搶救垂危的汽車行業,美國如此,日本、德(de)國(guo)亦(yi)如(ru)此(ci)。這(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)汽(qi)車(che)工(gong)業(ye)擁(yong)有(you)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)銷(xiao)量(liang),更(geng)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)業(ye)關(guan)聯(lian)度(du)極(ji)高(gao)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)性(xing)質(zhi),在(zai)汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)業(ye)裏(li)失(shi)業(ye)一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)放(fang)大(da)到(dao)社(she)會(hui)中(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)失(shi)業(ye)十(shi)個(ge)人(ren)的(de)事(shi)實(shi)早(zao)已(yi)獲(huo)得(de)全(quan)球(qiu)汽(qi)車(che)專(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)公(gong)認(ren)。
如今風水輪轉,作為全球汽車生產和消費的核心已經由歐美、rihanzhuanyidaozhongguo。zaiqunianzhongguoqichegongyedechanxiaoliangchaoguomeiguozhihou,zhongguojiuyijingchengweishenchuqichechanyeliantiaozhishangdeqiyemengongtongguanzhudejiaodian,yinweimuqiandezhongguoqichegongyeyouzhetaiduodeshengyijihui。zhezhongshengyijihuibujinjinbaohanzhizaohexiaoshouqiche,yebaohanleweiqichedezhengcheqiyetigongpeijianyufuwu,gengbaohanleweiqichezhizaoqiyeshengchanxiangguanshebei。
jiuzhongguodeqichezhizaoqiyeeryan,tamenkeyizhideyiman,yinweijudadeshichangxuqiushitamennianchuzhidingdexiaoshoumubiaowangwangbuchuyiwaidishunlishixian,youshihouzainiandipandiandeshihou,tamenshenzhihuijiaodexiaoshoumubiaozhidingdeyoudiandi。ranerduiyuzhongguonaxieweiqichegongyetigongshebeidezhizaoqiyeeryan,leisiyuzhengcheqiyenayangjulancaifudemeijingsihuhaimeiyouchuxian。
有統計數據表明,目前的中國汽車工業對國外設備的依存度高達70%,在零部件製造等領域對於外資設備的依存度竟然高達90%。這是一個讓人有點觸目驚心的數字,用市場語言將其翻譯出來:假如中國汽車工業對與外資設備的依存現狀在“十二五”期間得不到明顯改善的話,1萬億的市場中可能就將有7000億被拱手讓與他人。
我們無從區分這1萬億的市場將會對設備製造的哪個領域產生巨大的影響效應。因為汽車工業所使用的設備種類繁多且型號不一。在汽車業內通用的總裝、焊接、噴塗、零部件、發動機五大生產線集中了種類不同的設備。但是汽車工業即將到來的1萬(wan)億(yi)大(da)市(shi)場(chang)卻(que)對(dui)中(zhong)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)新(xin)形(xing)勢(shi)下(xia)的(de)共(gong)同(tong)考(kao)驗(yan),因(yin)為(wei)汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)業(ye)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)特(te)性(xing)最(zui)能(neng)夠(gou)檢(jian)驗(yan)設(she)備(bei)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和(he)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing),而(er)這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian)似(si)乎(hu)正(zheng)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)需(xu)要(yao)著(zhe)力(li)突(tu)破(po)的(de)瓶(ping)頸(jing)。
以中國的機床工業為例:jinguanzhongguoyijingchengweishijiediyidejichuangshengchanhexiaofeiguo,ergaoduanjichuangzaizhongguojichuangzhengtichanpinjiegouzhongdebiliyebuduantisheng,danshizaiwendinghekekaoxingzhishang,zhongguojichuangyiranchuyuchengchangjieduan。duoshuqichechangjiabushiyongzhongguojichuangdeyuanyinshizhongguojichuangbunengbaochijingdudewendingxinghejiagongzhiliangdewendingxing。zheyidiantongshifanyingzaiyingyongyuqichexingyedeqitashebeizhishang。zaiduizidonghuayaoqiujiaogaodeqichepentuhehanjieshengchanxianshangguochanshebeidezhanyoulvyebijiaodi,yiqidexiangguanfuzerenzengjingzheyangjieshao:“塗裝設備及焊接設備的穩定性直接或間接影響到工藝參數的穩定性、生產質量的一致性和一次合格率。而這些往往直接影響汽車加工的質量,生產企業自然馬虎不得。”
但是可靠性不佳或許不是中國裝備在汽車行業應用現狀不好的唯一原因。有業內專家認為:zhongguolaopaiqicheqiyeyinweizouhezizhilu,suoyizaishengchanxianhegongyishejishangjihuwanquanzhaobanguowaidemoshi。weilebaozhengchanpinzhiliangheshunlishengchan,waizicheqishiyongnazhongshebei,guoneiqiyejiushiyongnazhongshebei。keyizheyanglijie:在汽車企業眼裏,用“中國製造”替換原有設備,也許就像一次器官移植的過程,而副作用是可能產生“排異反應”,汽車大規模生產的特點可能使汽車企業不敢承受這種風險。
jinguanzaiqicheshebeishichangshang,zhongguoshebeiqiyecunzaixiantiandebuliyinsu。danshizhesihubingmeiyouchengweizhongguoqiyetingzhixiangqichelingyujinjundejiekou。suizhejinjinianzhongguozhuangbeizhizaonenglihejishushuipingdebuduanjinbu,qichexingyedeshichangyezhengbeizhongguozhuangbeiyibubusikailiekou。zaichangandeshengchanxianshang,laizitianjinqisuogaokedehanjieshebeishoudaoleyizhihaoping;erlaizijichuanglingyudejinanerjichuangyijishenshijiesandachongyazhuangbeizhizaoshangxinglie,jinnianlaibujinzaiguoneideqichexingyeyongyouhengaodeshichangzhanyoulv,erqiehaichengweiletongyong、大眾、福特、日產、本田、鈴木等企業的全球供應商。
用yong處chu於yu成cheng熟shu期qi的de國guo外wai產chan品pin和he處chu於yu成cheng長chang期qi的de中zhong國guo設she備bei做zuo完wan全quan的de比bi較jiao也ye許xu並bing不bu恰qia當dang,因yin為wei時shi代dai和he產chan業ye環huan境jing已yi經jing發fa生sheng了le較jiao大da的de變bian化hua。即ji便bian是shi如ru今jin高gao端duan如ru斯si的de歐ou洲zhou機ji床chuang,精jing確que如ru斯si的de日ri本ben機ji器qi人ren也ye有you著zhe由you弱ruo到dao強qiang的de產chan業ye發fa展zhan過guo程cheng。在zai中zhong國guo設she備bei企qi業ye克ke服fu可ke靠kao性xing的de弊bi端duan走zou向xiang高gao端duan的de時shi候hou我wo們men或huo許xu可ke以yi借jie鑒jian國guo外wai設she備bei企qi業ye的de發fa展zhan路lu徑jing。能neng夠gou看kan到dao的de例li子zi是shi:國外的設備企業在成長的時期都把自己和最大的客戶牢牢地捆綁起來。例如:ribenhehanguodejichuangqiyezhisuoyinengzaijiaoduanshijianneijishenshijiexianjinzhilie,jiushiyinweijiangmuguangsuodingzaidangnianzuiweihuobaodeqicheshichangzhishang,yushifengtianqixiajiudanshenglezhuanmenweiqitigongshebeidefengtiangongji,erzengjingdehanguodayuzecujinledayuzhonggongdefazhan。
美國和日韓的經驗可以證明汽車、航天等精密製造產業對與相關設備的高端轉型有著莫大的拉動作用。而中國的汽車產業正在為中國裝備在“十二五”期間力圖實現的“走向高端”製造不容忽視的機會,(據相關數據顯示:當美國的汽車產量達到1000萬輛的時候,其流水線總計有200多條,而中國目前隻有不到100條,這個缺口正在被中國汽車企業加速彌補。)shijishanghenduodezhongguozhuangbeiqiyeyijingjiangmuguangtiaozhengdaoqichexingyezhishang,zaiyanjiujishutishengdetongshi,zhuiqiuchanpingongyiyukehushengchangongyidejiehe。huoxuwomenkeyileguandeqidai:在不久的將來,中國的裝備企業裏能夠誕生出更多諸如濟南二機床一樣在汽車領域取得成功的公司。