http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 12:51:55 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、zhichengli。mianduixinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangedelishixingjiyu,weiyoulaolaobawoxinzhishengchanlizheyiguanjianbianliang,cainengconggenbenshangzengqiangwoguojingjifazhandeneishengdongli,zairiqujiliedequanqiujingzhengzhongzhongsuyoushi、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
kejichuangxinjuedingzhexinzhishengchanlidefazhangaodu,yeyingxiangzhezhongguojingjiweilaizaiquanqiujingzhenggejuzhongdezhanlveweishi。jinguanwoguoyixieguanjianlingyuhexinjishushouzhiyurendejumianhaimeiyouconggenbenshangdedaogaibian,danzhexiejidaitupodekadiandudian,zhengshiwomenweilaifalidezhugongfangxiang,qibeihouyunzangzhegouzhuguojiajingzhengxinyoushidejudaqianlihezhanlvekongjian。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、gaozhiliangtezheng。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,youliyushixiangaoshuipingkejiziliziqiang,zengqiangjingjijingzhengli。zhejiuyaoqiumiaozhunkejiqianyan,quanligongjianguanjianhexinjishu,yitupoxingchengguocuishengxindongneng。jianchiyitituijinjiaoyukejirencaifazhan,cujinkejichuangxinyuchanyechuangxinshenduronghe,tishengguojiachuangxintixizhengtixiaoneng,zengqiangzizhuchuangxinnengli,qiangzhanweilaikejizhigaodian。tongshi,fahuikejichuangxindeyinlingzuoyong,quanmianshishi“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、tizhixingjizhouqixingwentijiaozhidetiaozhan,hexinwentizaiyukejichuangxinnenglibuzu,duijingjishehuifazhandezhichengzuoyongweinengchongfenxianxian,gaozhiliangkejigonggeirengxianqianque。xinzhishengchanlizaizaiticengmian,gengduotixianzaigaozhiliang、高效能、gaojiazhidexinchanyeshang。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,nenggouyikejichuangxinyinlinggaozhiliangfazhan,zengqiangjingjichuangxinli。zhejiuyaoshenrushishichuangxinqudongfazhanzhanlve,cujinchuangxinlianhechanyeliandewufengduijie,tongguoqianglianbulianyanliantishengchanyetixizhengtixiaoneng。tongguokejichuangxinyouhuatishengchuantongchanye、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,既ji驅qu動dong發fa展zhan,也ye潛qian藏zang風feng險xian,需xu要yao在zai發fa展zhan和he安an全quan之zhi間jian找zhao到dao平ping衡heng點dian,護hu航hang因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li。為wei此ci,需xu加jia快kuai完wan善shan國guo家jia創chuang新xin體ti係xi,突tu破po關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu瓶ping頸jing,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li,有you效xiao降jiang低di外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing。加jia強qiang對dui科ke技ji發fa展zhan趨qu勢shi、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、社(she)會(hui)風(feng)險(xian)與(yu)倫(lun)理(li)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)進(jin)行(xing)係(xi)統(tong)評(ping)估(gu)與(yu)預(yu)案(an)建(jian)設(she),構(gou)建(jian)科(ke)技(ji)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)監(jian)測(ce)預(yu)警(jing)和(he)應(ying)對(dui)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)強(qiang)科(ke)技(ji)基(ji)礎(chu)條(tiao)件(jian)自(zi)主(zhu)保(bao)障(zhang)。同(tong)時(shi),積(ji)極(ji)參(can)與(yu)全(quan)球(qiu)科(ke)技(ji)治(zhi)理(li),弘(hong)揚(yang)科(ke)技(ji)向(xiang)善(shan)理(li)念(nian),讓(rang)科(ke)技(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)造(zao)福(fu)各(ge)國(guo)和(he)各(ge)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、全quan而er不bu精jing的de問wen題ti。要yao堅jian持chi把ba發fa展zhan經jing濟ji的de著zhe力li點dian放fang在zai實shi體ti經jing濟ji上shang,加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,構gou建jian以yi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye為wei骨gu幹gan的de現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi,使shi之zhi更geng具ju有you完wan整zheng性xing、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、產chan業ye體ti係xi完wan備bei,形xing成cheng完wan整zheng且qie有you韌ren性xing的de產chan業ye鏈lian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye在zai我wo國guo產chan業ye發fa展zhan中zhong發fa揮hui著zhe重zhong要yao作zuo用yong,既ji是shi構gou建jian現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de基ji石shi,也ye是shi加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao著zhe力li點dian。傳chuan統tong產chan業ye不bu等deng於yu落luo後hou產chan業ye,運yun用yong新xin技ji術shu對dui其qi進jin行xing改gai造zao提ti升sheng,是shi因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de重zhong要yao路lu徑jing。隨sui著zhe新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge深shen入ru發fa展zhan,傳chuan統tong產chan業ye廣guang泛fan引yin入ru新xin技ji術shu、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、低(di)能(neng)耗(hao)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)。這(zhe)表(biao)明(ming),發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)與(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)密(mi)不(bu)可(ke)分(fen),發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)絕(jue)不(bu)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)忽(hu)視(shi)甚(shen)至(zhi)放(fang)棄(qi)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye),而(er)應(ying)在(zai)保(bao)持(chi)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)合(he)理(li)比(bi)重(zhong)、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
zheyanxianjinxing,dalifazhanxinxingchanyeheweilaichanye。xiandaihuachanyetixidexianjinxingzhuyaoshizhichanyetixijubeijiaoqiangdejishuchuangxinnengli,nengshiyingxinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangeyaoqiu,chanyefazhanfuhezhinenghua、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、改(gai)變(bian)競(jing)爭(zheng)格(ge)局(ju)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)力(li)量(liang)。世(shi)界(jie)強(qiang)國(guo)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li),很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)源(yuan)於(yu)其(qi)對(dui)戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)未(wei)來(lai)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)前(qian)瞻(zhan)布(bu)局(ju)與(yu)戰(zhan)略(lve)投(tou)入(ru)。當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)舊(jiu)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)函(han)數(shu)組(zu)合(he)方(fang)式(shi)已(yi)經(jing)難(nan)以(yi)持(chi)續(xu),必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)速(su)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)。著(zhe)力(li)打(da)造(zao)新(xin)興(xing)支(zhi)柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye),實(shi)施(shi)產(chan)業(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程(cheng),加(jia)快(kuai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、diliudaiyidongtongxindengchengweixindejingjizengchangdian,jianliweilaichanyetouruzengchanghefengxianfendanjizhi,cujinzhongxiaoqiyezhuanjingtexinfazhan,genghaotuidongjingjikechixufazhan。
著zhe眼yan安an全quan性xing,增zeng強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing和he競jing爭zheng力li。產chan業ye體ti係xi的de安an全quan性xing,主zhu要yao表biao現xian為wei產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian安an全quan可ke靠kao,產chan業ye關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu自zi主zhu可ke控kong,各ge產chan業ye有you序xu鏈lian接jie,國guo民min經jing濟ji循xun環huan高gao效xiao暢chang通tong。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao強qiang化hua關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu攻gong關guan,逐zhu步bu擺bai脫tuo外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng應ying對dui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、xinxingchanyejianlian,zengqiangchanyeliangongyinglianrenxingheanquanshuiping。youhuazhongdashengchanlibuju,fahuizhongdianquyuzengchangjizuoyong,tuidongchanyezaibutongdiqujianyouxuzhuanyi,jiansheguojiazhanlvefudiheguanjianchanyebeifen,tigaochanyetixidekangfengxiannengli。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
dangjinshijie,shichangyichengweizuixiquedeziyuan,erwoguoyongyoudechaodaguimoguoneishichang,zhengshiwomencanyuguojijingzhengdeguanjianyoushi。fazhanxinzhishengchanli,libukaijishudeguangfankuosanyushichangdechixutuozhan,weixinjishuxinchanpintuiguangyingyongtigongfengfudeyingyongchangjingheshichangkongjian。lishijingyanbiaoming,juyouchaodaguimoshichangdeguojiahediquwangwangdouyoujiaoqiangdeguojijingzhengli。raneryeyaokandao,dangqianwoguoshichangtixirengbujianquan,“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、社she會hui信xin用yong等deng市shi場chang經jing濟ji基ji礎chu製zhi度du,建jian設she高gao標biao準zhun市shi場chang體ti係xi。關guan鍵jian要yao著zhe力li破po除chu市shi場chang壁bi壘lei,打da破po地di區qu分fen割ge與yu各ge種zhong形xing式shi的de地di方fang保bao護hu,充chong分fen激ji發fa市shi場chang內nei生sheng動dong力li。通tong過guo建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang,引yin導dao先xian進jin優you質zhi生sheng產chan要yao素su向xiang新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li領ling域yu順shun暢chang彙hui聚ju,實shi現xian跨kua產chan業ye、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、供gong給gei和he需xu求qiu良liang性xing互hu動dong,增zeng強qiang國guo內nei大da循xun環huan內nei生sheng動dong力li和he可ke靠kao性xing。大da力li提ti振zhen消xiao費fei,落luo實shi大da規gui模mo設she備bei更geng新xin和he消xiao費fei品pin以yi舊jiu換huan新xin相xiang關guan政zheng策ce,把ba我wo國guo超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang需xu求qiu和he應ying用yong場chang景jing豐feng富fu的de市shi場chang優you勢shi轉zhuan化hua為wei推tui動dong新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan的de強qiang大da內nei生sheng動dong力li。
市shi場chang分fen割ge與yu地di方fang保bao護hu是shi建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang的de主zhu要yao障zhang礙ai,也ye是shi製zhi約yue新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan和he要yao素su自zi由you流liu動dong的de深shen層ceng次ci瓶ping頸jing。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,要yao求qiu堅jian持chi全quan國guo一yi盤pan棋qi,打da通tong製zhi約yue要yao素su暢chang通tong流liu動dong的de卡ka點dian堵du點dian,實shi現xian資zi源yuan高gao效xiao組zu合he和he協xie同tong創chuang新xin。為wei此ci,要yao堅jian持chi有you效xiao市shi場chang和he有you為wei政zheng府fu相xiang結jie合he,統tong一yi政zheng府fu行xing為wei尺chi度du,自zi覺jiao破po除chu封feng閉bi小xiao市shi場chang、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”競jing爭zheng。同tong時shi,應ying強qiang化hua法fa治zhi引yin領ling與yu保bao障zhang作zuo用yong,運yun用yong法fa律lv手shou段duan規gui範fan市shi場chang競jing爭zheng,強qiang化hua製zhi度du統tong一yi與yu監jian管guan協xie調tiao,加jia快kuai清qing理li廢fei除chu妨fang礙ai全quan國guo統tong一yi市shi場chang和he公gong平ping競jing爭zheng的de各ge種zhong規gui定ding和he做zuo法fa,全quan麵mian落luo實shi“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
xinzhishengchanliyijishuchuangxinweizhongyaoyinqing,yishichangxuqiuweiguanjianqianyin。jiakuaixinzhishengchanlifazhan,bujinnengmanzuxiaofeishengjixuqiu,gengnengtongguodianfuxingjishuhechuangxinchanpinchuangzaoxuqiu,tuidonggongxushuangfangdediedaishengjiyuxianghucujin,shixiangaoshuipingdongtaipingheng。yaofahuiwoguochaodaguimoshichangyoushi,tuidongshichangyou“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、hezuogongyingdequyuxietongchuangxingeju。kuodagaoshuipingduiwaikaifang,liyongguoneiguojishichangdexietongzuoyongheguimojingjixiaoying,datongguoneiwaigaoduanyaosushichang,zengqiangduiquanqiuyouzhiziyuandejijunengli,dazaoxiyinguojichuangxinyaosude“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”hendachengdujiutixianzailvsefazhanshang。lvshuiqingshanyunhanzhewuqiongdejingjijiazhi,nengyuanyuanbuduanchuangzaozonghexiaoyi,zhichengjingjishehuikechixufazhan。dangqian,jinguanshengtaihuanjingbaohurenwujianju,danshengtaihuanjingyezaichixugaishan,buduanyunyuzhexindejingzhengyoushi。zheyouzhuyutuidongditan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li本ben質zhi上shang是shi先xian進jin生sheng產chan力li質zhi態tai,不bu僅jin要yao求qiu重zhong構gou生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan邏luo輯ji,更geng強qiang調tiao人ren與yu自zi然ran和he諧xie共gong生sheng。堅jian持chi以yi創chuang新xin驅qu動dong綠lv色se變bian革ge,通tong過guo科ke技ji賦fu能neng推tui動dong生sheng產chan要yao素su的de綠lv色se轉zhuan型xing與yu高gao效xiao配pei置zhi,進jin而er將jiang綠lv色se技ji術shu、xianjinchanyeyuditanshenghuofangshiquanmianrongrushengtaiwenmingjianshe,zhizaitupoziyuanhuanjingyueshu,kaipikechixufazhanxinlujing。zaishijianzhong,yaoquanmiantishenglvsekejichuangxinnengli,zuzhikaizhanlvsekejigongguan,jiaqiangshuzijishuyulvsejishuderonghe,jiakuaichanyelvsezhuanxingshengji,dazaogaoxiaoshengtailvsechanyejiqun。jiakuaigoujianlvseditanxunhuanfazhanjingjitixi,zhuangdalvsechanyehelvsejingjiguimo,xianzhujiangdiquanliantiaonenghaowuhao,xingchengkejihanlianggao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)區(qu)別(bie)於(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)方(fang)麵(mian),就(jiu)是(shi)將(jiang)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)等(deng)要(yao)素(su)納(na)入(ru)生(sheng)產(chan)函(han)數(shu),加(jia)強(qiang)綠(lv)色(se)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin),提(ti)高(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)。加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),就(jiu)要(yao)牢(lao)固(gu)樹(shu)立(li)和(he)踐(jian)行(xing)綠(lv)水(shui)青(qing)山(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)金(jin)山(shan)銀(yin)山(shan)的(de)理(li)念(nian),堅(jian)定(ding)不(bu)移(yi)走(zou)生(sheng)態(tai)優(you)先(xian)、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
shengtaianquanshiguojiaanquandezhongyaojishi。zuoweilvseshengchanli,xinzhishengchanlifazhanyushengtaianquanjinmixianglian。bixujianchiyizongtiguojiaanquanguanweizhidao,congbaozhangguojiashengtaianquan、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和(he)持(chi)續(xu)性(xing)。要(yao)紮(zha)實(shi)推(tui)進(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)複(fu),強(qiang)化(hua)監(jian)管(guan)效(xiao)能(neng),加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏(ping)障(zhang),為(wei)子(zi)孫(sun)後(hou)代(dai)留(liu)下(xia)山(shan)清(qing)水(shui)秀(xiu)的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)空(kong)間(jian)。持(chi)續(xu)推(tui)進(jin)汙(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)係(xi)統(tong)優(you)化(hua),積(ji)極(ji)有(you)效(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險(xian)挑(tiao)戰(zhan),把(ba)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險(xian)納(na)入(ru)常(chang)態(tai)化(hua)管(guan)理(li),係(xi)統(tong)構(gou)建(jian)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。