新浪財經訊 9月8日下午消息，由中國國際經濟交流中心主辦
，TCL集團(2.26,-0.04,-1.74%)承辦的“轉型升級，創新未來——中國企業全球競爭力戰略研討會”，於2011年9月8日在北京人民大會堂舉行
，新浪財經作為獨家網絡支持媒體對此次會議進行現場圖文報道。以下為經濟學家吳敬璉發言實錄。

　　吳敬璉：renwuyoudiankunnan
，yinweidajiamiaoyuruzhu。woshizhezuoyixiazongjie
，tinglenameduodelingdaofayan，conggezidejiaodushangfenxiletigaowomenzhongguoqiyedeguojijingzhenglidewenti

，namewoxiangyoujidiandagaishisuoyoudefayanrendoushitongyide。

　　第(di)一(yi)，提(ti)高(gao)中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)必(bi)要(yao)性(xing)和(he)迫(po)切(qie)性(xing)
，那(na)麼(me)我(wo)想(xiang)這(zhe)種(zhong)必(bi)要(yao)性(xing)和(he)迫(po)切(qie)性(xing)
，大(da)概(gai)它(ta)的(de)立(li)足(zu)的(de)基(ji)點(dian)就(jiu)在(zai)於(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)三(san)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)來(lai)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)

，中(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)的(de)角(jiao)色(se)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)改(gai)變(bian)。在(zai)這(zhe)點(dian)我(wo)們(men)要(yao)有(you)明(ming)確(que)的(de)認(ren)識(shi)
，我(wo)們(men)以(yi)前(qian)說(shuo)我(wo)們(men)要(yao)正(zheng)確(que)認(ren)識(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)體(ti)係(xi)中(zhong)的(de)地(di)位(wei)
，這(zhe)個(ge)地(di)位(wei)往(wang)往(wang)把(ba)它(ta)理(li)解(jie)為(wei)份(fen)額(e)，理(li)解(jie)為(wei)我(wo)們(men)經(jing)濟(ji)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)體(ti)量(liang)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)。在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)總(zong)產(chan)出(chu)中(zhong)
，在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)國(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易(yi)中(zhong)我(wo)們(men)占(zhan)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)，這(zhe)個(ge)好(hao)象(xiang)是(shi)顯(xian)得(de)就(jiu)比(bi)較(jiao)現(xian)象(xiang)一(yi)點(dian)。我(wo)想(xiang)最(zui)根(gen)本(ben)性(xing)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)就(jiu)是(shi)經(jing)過(guo)三(san)十(shi)來(lai)年(nian)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)，中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)角(jiao)色(se)，在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)的(de)角(jiao)色(se)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)曆(li)史(shi)性(xing)的(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)
，過(guo)去(qu)我(wo)們(men)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)誠(cheng)信(xin)極(ji)弱(ruo)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)，前(qian)三(san)十(shi)年(nian)我(wo)們(men)有(you)了(le)一(yi)些(xie)進(jin)步(bu)，後(hou)三(san)十(shi)年(nian)我(wo)們(men)可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)取(qu)得(de)了(le)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)進(jin)展(zhan)，在(zai)追(zhui)趕(gan)上(shang)取(qu)得(de)了(le)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)進(jin)展(zhan)。現(xian)在(zai)我(wo)們(men)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)高(gao)等(deng)、zhongdengshourudeguojia，zhengzainulijinrugaoshouruguojiadefanweinei

，womenzhuiganderenwuzaixuduolingyuwomenyijingshixianlewomendemubiao。dangranzaiyouyixielingyuwomenhaiyoubijiaodadechaju。danshizongtilaishuo，zaiyixiejichubumenwomenzhenzhenghezhanzaiqianliedeguojiajulibushinamedale。xianzaiwomenzaiyanjiuzhuanbian，jiushicongzhuiganzheyaobianchengshijiejingjiwutaishangdezhuyaodejingzhengzhezhiyi。zhegejiaosedezhuanbianshizhiguanzhongyaode。womenconggegefangmiandouyaoweizhegezhuanbianzuohaozhunbeigongzuo。womendejiaoseyijingbianle，ruguowomenhaishicunzaijiudejiaosefenweizhinei，womenhaishizuoweizhuiganzhedehua，kenengjiushiwomenjingchangjiangdewomendiaojinlezhongdengshouruxianjing。duiyuzhegexianjing，shenmejiaozhongdengshouruxianjing，yougezhonggeyangdeshuofa，yourenshuozhongdengshourudeshihou，yinweishouruchaju、pinfuchajutaida，kenengyinqishehuidehunluan。yourenshuozhongdengshouruxianjing
，zhuyaoweixianshizaizengchangfangshishangdebulinghuo，bunengzuochuxindezhuanbian，bunengzuochuxindezhuanbian，tajiuhennanjinrugaoshouru。

　　zheliangzhongshuofaqishishiyouguanliande
，danshiwogerenganjiaobadiergeshuofakanchengtadeyigezhuyaodeweixiansuozai。jiushishuowomenruguojingjifazhanfangshibuzhuanbian
，womenjiuhuitingliuzaizhongdengshouruguojiazhegedengjishang，ershourushuipingchajudewenti

，xiaofeibuzudewentidengdengdouhuiyoucifasheng，ruguowomenzhishibatajizhongzaizhongdengshourushuipingshang，bunenggoudedaoguomindequanbushourupubiantigao，namehuiyouyupinfuchajudefenhua，zaochengleshehuishangdebuwendingheshehuimaodundebaofa。ruguozhishikandaolezheyidian
，womenbunanzhaodaowentijiejuedebanfa，namezenmejiejuewentiwomenxianzaikeyikandao
，womenduitigaodishouruzheshourufangmianzuoleyixiegongzuo，namewomenzhengfuyaozuodaozhexie
，yiranyaocongguominnaerdedaoshourucainengzuodao。namemuqianzhengfugengduodeshuishoudezengjia
，huishiqiyedeyalizengda，ruguowomenjingjifazhanfangshizhuanbian，nayiweizheshenmene？yiweizhewomendelaodongtouruyuelaiyueduodejishuhanliang，shilaodongzhesuzhibuduantigao
，namejiushitouzibizhongdeliangxinggaibian，duiyudishourujiecengdeshuipingtigaoyouyixiezuoyong。

　　dier，yaogaishanwomenzhongguoqiyedehexinjingzhengli，hexindewentijiushiyaozhuanbianwomendejingjifazhanfangshi
，yejiushishuo，womendejingjifazhanfangshiyaozhuanxing
，womendeqiyeyaotisheng。zhegeshiyigehexindewenti。yinweizaidangwomenshizhuiganzhedeshihou
，womendejingjifazhankaoshenmene
？jingjifazhanshikaotourudezengjia。womenguoqusanshiniandegaige，liruwomengezhongziyuandetouruzengjiaqilefeichangfuzadezuoyong，yinweiwomendegaigekaifangdapoleguoquchengxianggejuedezhuangtai，zhezhongzhangaijiushihenduoyoudixiaonongyezhanyoudeziyuanzhuandaogaoxiaodechengshigongye，birutudi
，womencongnongyongtudizhuandaochengshiyongde
、工商業用的和城市住宅的用地。我們從過去在農業中就業的勞動力
，轉到城市就業的勞動力有多少呢？有2yirenzuoyou，lingwaiyigejiushikaifang，kaifangshidewomenzaiduanduansanshinianli

，yinjindejishushidewomenzhenggeguominjingjidejishu
，mibuleguoquwomenhexianjinguojiazhijiandejishuchaju
，suoyishiwomenjingjizaisanshinianzhonghuodezhemedadefazhan，zhuyaoshikaozhexiedetourudezengjia。

　　土地的投入、勞動力的投入、技ji術shu的de投tou入ru，但dan是shi這zhe種zhong增zeng加jia是shi不bu是shi帶dai來lai效xiao益yi的de提ti高gao呢ne？是shi帶dai來lai了le效xiao益yi的de提ti高gao。因yin為wei我wo們men勞lao動dong力li原yuan來lai在zai農nong業ye中zhong就jiu業ye

，轉zhuan到dao城cheng市shi工gong商shang業ye就jiu業ye，這zhe種zhong收shou入ru提ti高gao。引yin進jin的de技ji術shu也ye使shi得de我wo們men的de生sheng產chan效xiao率lv提ti高gao了le，但dan是shi這zhe樣yang一yi些xie提ti高gao，第di一yi它ta占zhan的de分fen量liang不bu是shi主zhu要yao的de，主zhu要yao的de還hai是shi資zi源yuan的de投tou入ru增zeng加jia，這zhe就jiu使shi得de我wo們men投tou資zi率lv現xian在zai也ye越yue來lai越yue高gao了le。

　　另ling外wai這zhe些xie效xiao率lv的de提ti高gao基ji本ben上shang是shi外wai商shang的de，而er不bu是shi通tong過guo自zi主zhu創chuang新xin取qu得de的de成cheng績ji，所suo以yi它ta有you一yi定ding的de限xian製zhi，在zai世shi紀ji之zhi交jiao這zhe種zhong限xian製zhi已yi經jing很hen明ming顯xian了le，因yin為wei主zhu要yao靠kao資zi源yuan投tou入ru的de增zeng加jia，於yu是shi我wo們men就jiu造zao成cheng了le環huan境jing的de問wen題ti，資zi源yuan短duan缺que的de問wen題ti。以yi致zhi於yu投tou資zi率lv不bu高gao，消xiao費fei不bu足zu，這zhe種zhong不bu足zu帶dai來lai一yi係xi列lie的de問wen題ti
，實shi際ji上shang這zhe條tiao路lu已yi經jing走zou到dao盡jin頭tou，必bi須xu需xu要yao改gai變bian。那na麼me在zai新xin的de角jiao色se變bian化hua以yi後hou，我wo們men的de經jing濟ji還hai是shi要yao增zeng長chang，我wo們men現xian在zai經jing濟ji水shui平ping，人ren民min生sheng活huo水shui平ping應ying該gai說shuo還hai是shi很hen低di的de
，必bi須xu增zeng長chang，但dan是shi這zhe個ge增zeng長chang就jiu不bu能neng靠kao資zi本ben的de投tou入ru，靠kao資zi源yuan的de投tou入ru
，主zhu要yao要yao靠kao效xiao率lv推tui動dong。那na麼me怎zen麼me來lai提ti高gao效xiao率lv
，大da家jia發fa言yan已yi經jing很hen多duo很hen多duo。我wo也ye很hen難nan全quan部bu囊nang括kuo起qi來lai做zuo出chu總zong結jie。但dan是shi總zong的de來lai說shuo，我wo們men從cong“十一五”開始，到“十二五”更(geng)加(jia)強(qiang)調(tiao)要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)我(wo)們(men)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)，要(yao)轉(zhuan)變(bian)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)核(he)心(xin)問(wen)題(ti)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)，這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)些(xie)態(tai)度(du)，現(xian)在(zai)看(kan)起(qi)來(lai)根(gen)據(ju)各(ge)位(wei)企(qi)業(ye)家(jia)和(he)我(wo)們(men)剛(gang)才(cai)發(fa)言(yan)的(de)領(ling)導(dao)同(tong)誌(zhi)們(men)的(de)講(jiang)話(hua)來(lai)看(kan)，“十一五”特別是“十二五”這種方式是非常恰當的，我們也經過了“十一五”的努力
，“十二五”今jin年nian第di一yi年nian看kan來lai這zhe個ge勢shi頭tou更geng強qiang，各ge級ji政zheng府fu都dou在zai經jing濟ji發fa展zhan方fang式shi轉zhuan變bian上shang下xia了le很hen大da的de工gong夫fu，那na麼me它ta的de方fang麵mian很hen多duo
，要yao有you正zheng確que的de戰zhan略lve，要yao有you好hao的de經jing營ying模mo式shi
，要yao有you經jing濟ji的de製zhi造zao能neng力li，要yao有you有you效xiao的de管guan理li。現xian在zai的de問wen題ti根gen據ju大da家jia發fa言yan來lai看kan，根gen據ju發fa言yan所suo講jiang的de情qing況kuang看kan
，現xian在zai的de問wen題ti好hao象xiang不bu是shi說shuo方fang向xiang不bu清qing楚chu，而er是shi怎zen麼me達da到dao這zhe個ge目mu標biao。

　　現在需要總結我們過去五年和我們今年這些經驗
，就我個人來說，我認為最重要的從“十一五”的五年和今年的情況來看，最重要的就是要造成一種環境和體製
，使得企業能夠有創新的壓力、動(dong)力(li)和(he)能(neng)力(li)。不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)來(lai)說(shuo)和(he)我(wo)們(men)的(de)政(zheng)府(fu)來(lai)說(shuo)
，都(dou)需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)這(zhe)三(san)個(ge)方(fang)麵(mian)做(zuo)出(chu)變(bian)革(ge)
，做(zuo)出(chu)努(nu)力(li)，因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)個(ge)技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)，提(ti)高(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)最(zui)核(he)心(xin)的(de)確(que)實(shi)是(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)，而(er)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)，那(na)麼(me)企(qi)業(ye)怎(zen)麼(me)才(cai)能(neng)夠(gou)自(zi)己(ji)願(yuan)意(yi)去(qu)創(chuang)新(xin)，有(you)能(neng)力(li)創(chuang)新(xin)
，能(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)現(xian)創(chuang)造(zao)呢(ne)？我(wo)覺(jiao)得(de)這(zhe)“三個力”最重要，要有壓力、動力、nengli。guoquwomenzaizhuiganshiqi

，shijishangzaizhexiefangmiandewentikenengzhuyidebugou
，womenzaitizhishang，zhengceshangdouyaozuochuhenduoshiyingwomenxindejiaosedejuece，biruyaoyouyali，yinweiwomenguoqushiyigezhuiganzhe，suoyiduiyuqiyezouchuquyehao，zuochukouyehao
，zhuyaodeshicaiquyixiebaohuxingdecuoshi。erzhexiecuoshishijishangzaishijizhijiao，dangwomenjiaosezhuanhuandeshihou，zhexiecuoshiyaozuochugaibian。piruyigedihuilvzhengce，yigechukoutuishuidezhengce
，zhexiezhengcedoushizaiwomendangshidejiaosexiasuobixucaiqude，keshidangjiaosezhuanhuanyihou，ruguobuzaizhefangmianzuochutiaozheng
，nameqiyejiumeiyouyali，meiyouyaliduoyixiedifujiazhidecufangjiagong
，xiangTCL那na樣yang，像xiang華hua為wei那na樣yang，要yao走zou出chu去qu闖chuang一yi闖chuang
，那na第di一yi個ge吃chi螃pang蟹xie的de人ren，就jiu是shi第di一yi個ge冒mao風feng險xian的de人ren，這zhe方fang麵mian來lai說shuo我wo們men還hai沒mei有you轉zhuan變bian，所suo以yi現xian在zai就jiu變bian得de比bi較jiao被bei動dong。如ru果guo力li度du太tai大da
，現xian在zai我wo們men的de企qi業ye是shi難nan以yi承cheng受shou的de。

　　那(na)麼(me)動(dong)力(li)問(wen)題(ti)，說(shuo)到(dao)底(di)我(wo)就(jiu)想(xiang)科(ke)斯(si)講(jiang)了(le)一(yi)句(ju)話(hua)，他(ta)說(shuo)對(dui)創(chuang)新(xin)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是(shi)什(shen)麼(me)
？就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)使(shi)得(de)創(chuang)新(xin)者(zhe)對(dui)社(she)會(hui)的(de)貢(gong)獻(xian)和(he)他(ta)拿(na)到(dao)的(de)回(hui)報(bao)相(xiang)匹(pi)配(pei)
，這(zhe)個(ge)差(cha)距(ju)越(yue)小(xiao)，這(zhe)個(ge)激(ji)勵(li)強(qiang)度(du)就(jiu)越(yue)大(da)，但(dan)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)現(xian)在(zai)常(chang)常(chang)有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)
，創(chuang)新(xin)在(zai)承(cheng)受(shou)很(hen)大(da)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)，就(jiu)是(shi)他(ta)對(dui)社(she)會(hui)的(de)貢(gong)獻(xian)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)回(hui)報(bao)，這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)會(hui)扼(e)殺(sha)許(xu)多(duo)人(ren)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)動(dong)力(li)。

　　另外是能力的問題，企業要創新
，他必須要有一定的人力資源、wuliziyuanlaizhicheng。danshizhezhongnenglizenmequbangzhutajuyouzhezhongnengline
？zheshiyaorenzhenyanjiu
，feichangyoujiangjiude。congqunianyilai
，zhongyanghaozhaoyaojiakuaizhuanbianjingjifazhanfangshi

，gejizhengfudouzaizhichichuangxinshang，fuchulehendadenuli。erqiezuolehenduowuzhishangdeziyuan
，namezhezhongziyuanzenmefahuizuoyongne，genjuwozaiyixiediqudetiaozhalaikanzhexiehaixuyaowanshan
，jiushizhengfuzenmebangzhuqiyetamenshixianchuangxindenengli
，youyigeshiqingbixuyaozaixizhenzhuo。jiushizhengfubunengtidaishichang。bunengkaoyizhishichangjingzhengdebanfaqubangzhuqiye，shenzhiyouyixiezuofachangchanghuichuxianyixiebijiaodadeshiwu。birushuoxindejishufaming


，zhegeyinweitayoulianggetedian
，yigetedianjiushichushihenda。dierlingwaijiushiyigefamingchulaiyihou，henkuaijiubeibierensuoliyong

，suoyizhengfuduizhezhongchuangxinyinggaiyouzhichi
，yinggaiyoubuzhu，namezhezhongbuzhuzaishenmehuanjieshang，yishenmexingshixuyaorenzhendeyanjiu。birushuoyouxiejibendeyuanzekenengxuyaozhangwo，zhegebuzhuyibanlaishuoshijingzhengqiande，daolechanpinjingzhengdehuanjie
，nabuzhujingzhengdeyifangqishishisunhailingyifang，najiusunhailezhegeshichangdegongpingxing，sunhailejingzheng。birushuozhengfujuedinglaizhichimouyizhongjishuluxian，yaorenzhenyanjiuzenmebazhegeqianyonghao。

　　總zong的de來lai說shuo不bu管guan企qi業ye來lai說shuo
，還hai是shi政zheng府fu來lai說shuo，一yi定ding要yao想xiang辦ban法fa造zao成cheng一yi個ge好hao的de環huan境jing，使shi得de每mei一yi個ge企qi業ye在zai這zhe種zhong環huan境jing下xia，它ta有you一yi種zhong內nei在zai的de動dong力li，要yao實shi現xian創chuang新xin，那na麼me我wo們men每mei個ge人ren，包bao括kuo我wo們men這zhe些xie教jiao書shu的de人ren，也ye希xi望wang在zai創chuang新xin方fang麵mian
，提ti高gao企qi業ye全quan球qiu競jing爭zheng力li方fang麵mian貢gong獻xian我wo們men自zi己ji的de力li量liang，謝xie謝xie大da家jia！