http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-10 01:10:18 來源:中國能源報

近(jin)期(qi),天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)發(fa)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)維(wei)修(xiu)成(cheng)本(ben)過(guo)高(gao)備(bei)受(shou)業(ye)內(nei)熱(re)議(yi)。打(da)破(po)壟(long)斷(duan),實(shi)現(xian)設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)能(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)期(qi)許(xu)。今(jin)年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian),中(zhong)國(guo)質(zhi)量(liang)協(xie)會(hui)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、成(cheng)套(tao)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)下(xia),配(pei)套(tao)基(ji)礎(chu)件(jian)短(duan)板(ban)效(xiao)應(ying)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)明(ming)顯(xian),關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)依(yi)賴(lai)進(jin)口(kou),國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)集(ji)團(tuan)壟(long)斷(duan),成(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)做(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)大(da)的(de)軟(ruan)肋(lei)。在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang),外(wai)商(shang)總(zong)會(hui)切(qie)中(zhong)要(yao)害(hai)的(de)抬(tai)高(gao)關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)價(jia)格(ge),使(shi)得(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)仍(reng)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)國(guo)外(wai)。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
據ju記ji者zhe了le解jie,目mu前qian與yu國guo外wai設she備bei相xiang比bi,國guo產chan設she備bei的de最zui大da優you勢shi還hai是shi在zai於yu價jia格ge,一yi般ban國guo產chan設she備bei的de價jia格ge僅jin為wei進jin口kou同tong類lei產chan品pin的de二er分fen之zhi一yi或huo三san分fen之zhi一yi,高gao檔dang次ci的de產chan品pin與yu國guo外wai同tong類lei產chan品pin相xiang比bi價jia格ge差cha距ju更geng大da,部bu分fen設she備bei已yi經jing完wan全quan實shi現xian國guo產chan化hua。但dan即ji便bian如ru此ci,國guo內nei的de采cai購gou用yong戶hu卻que仍reng以yi各ge種zhong借jie口kou拒ju絕jue使shi用yong,或huo者zhe人ren為wei設she置zhi各ge種zhong障zhang礙ai,增zeng加jia國guo產chan裝zhuang備bei進jin入ru大da型xing市shi場chang的de門men檻kan。還hai有you一yi些xie使shi用yong單dan位wei在zai采cai購gou設she備bei時shi,盲mang目mu追zhui求qiu使shi用yong國guo外wai先xian進jin的de技ji術shu和he設she備bei,既ji不bu考kao慮lv性xing價jia比bi,也ye不bu考kao慮lv國guo內nei製zhi造zao業ye的de同tong步bu發fa展zhan。一yi項xiang技ji術shu還hai沒mei有you推tui廣guang,又you去qu追zhui求qiu其qi他ta技ji術shu或huo裝zhuang備bei,造zao成cheng同tong類lei裝zhuang備bei的de重zhong複fu引yin進jin。
記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)調(tiao)查(zha)中(zhong),多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)認(ren)同(tong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)采(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)受(shou)歧(qi)視(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)實(shi)。在(zai)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)海(hai)關(guan)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)統(tong)計(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),隨(sui)著(zhe)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao),重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)進(jin)口(kou)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)金(jin)額(e)卻(que)並(bing)未(wei)減(jian)少(shao),反(fan)之(zhi)還(hai)在(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)。
真zhen的de是shi我wo國guo的de裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin不bu能neng滿man足zu經jing濟ji快kuai速su發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao嗎ma?其qi實shi不bu然ran。一yi名ming從cong事shi設she備bei采cai購gou的de業ye內nei人ren士shi告gao訴su記ji者zhe,目mu前qian阻zu礙ai設she備bei國guo產chan化hua發fa展zhan,國guo內nei的de一yi些xie采cai購gou用yong戶hu有you不bu可ke推tui卸xie的de責ze任ren。例li如ru,在zai設she備bei投tou標biao中zhong這zhe些xie用yong戶hu一yi般ban會hui出chu現xian四si種zhong表biao現xian,第di一yi種zhong,業ye主zhu會hui明ming確que表biao示shi,隻zhi用yong進jin口kou設she備bei,國guo產chan設she備bei免mian談tan,國guo內nei廠chang商shang直zhi接jie吃chi閉bi門men羹geng。第di二er種zhong,業ye主zhu在zai標biao書shu中zhong完wan全quan套tao用yong國guo外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu參can數shu。由you於yu國guo內nei外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu標biao準zhun、參can數shu不bu盡jin相xiang同tong,使shi參can加jia招zhao投tou標biao的de國guo內nei廠chang家jia無wu所suo適shi從cong,根gen本ben不bu可ke能neng中zhong標biao。第di三san種zhong,業ye主zhu的de采cai購gou標biao書shu隻zhi賣mai給gei國guo外wai廠chang商shang。第di四si種zhong,業ye主zhu幹gan脆cui在zai標biao書shu中zhong直zhi接jie指zhi定ding采cai購gou某mou國guo公gong司si的de某mou種zhong產chan品pin。
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國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
jishiguoneichanpinzuodebuhaoyeyaochangshiquyong,faxianwenti,congergaijin。zheyidian,zaihanguojiuyoudianxingdelizi。qiguorendeguohuoqingjietixianzaimeigeguorenshenshang。youmeitibaodao,hanguomingxingjinxishanzengbeiyaoqingdaozhongguolaicanjiashangyehuodong,jinxishanfaxiancheduizhongmeiyouhanguoche,jiujujuechengzuodeguojinkouchelikai。jinxishanshuozijishihanguoren,jiuyinggaizuobenguoche。qiansulianyeshiruci,guorenpubianyounonghoudeguohuoqingjie。ershishizhengmingzhuangbeichanpinzhiyoujingguo"用",才能變得越來越好。
中zhong國guo機ji械xie工gong業ye聯lian合he會hui原yuan總zong工gong程cheng師shi隋sui永yong濱bin指zhi出chu,振zhen興xing裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye任ren重zhong道dao遠yuan,是shi一yi項xiang長chang期qi的de戰zhan略lve部bu署shu和he安an排pai,雖sui然ran國guo家jia已yi經jing出chu台tai相xiang關guan政zheng策ce支zhi持chi重zhong大da裝zhuang備bei國guo產chan化hua,但dan未wei來lai5niannei,zhongguozhongdazhuangbeizhizaoxingyeruguobunengdazaochujigedajituan,xingchengzijidetese,zaiguanjianzhuangbeifangmianshixianguochanhua,zhuangbeizhizaoyezhenzhengyiyidezhenxingrengjiangyaoyaowuqi。guer,xiangguanqiyeyinggaishikebawoshichangdemaibo,shulijituanzuozhandeyishi;相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
在zai經jing濟ji全quan球qiu化hua的de今jin天tian,很hen多duo跨kua國guo公gong司si選xuan擇ze在zai海hai外wai投tou資zi建jian立li生sheng產chan製zhi造zao基ji地di。目mu前qian很hen多duo外wai資zi企qi業ye在zai華hua建jian廠chang。國guo內nei用yong戶hu買mai的de是shi合he資zi企qi業ye的de產chan品pin,雖sui然ran這zhe些xie產chan品pin都dou是shi在zai國guo內nei生sheng產chan,但dan其qi80%的(de)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)是(shi)從(cong)國(guo)外(wai)的(de)母(mu)廠(chang)進(jin)口(kou)的(de),這(zhe)些(xie)產(chan)品(pin)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)含(han)量(liang)幾(ji)乎(hu)沒(mei)有(you),而(er)這(zhe)種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)目(mu)前(qian)市(shi)場(chang)中(zhong)又(you)占(zhan)據(ju)著(zhe)相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong),無(wu)形(xing)中(zhong)擠(ji)占(zhan)了(le)國(guo)內(nei)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)空(kong)間(jian)。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
對dui於yu用yong戶hu而er言yan,希xi望wang購gou買mai的de設she備bei質zhi量liang優you良liang,技ji術shu先xian進jin,這zhe都dou無wu可ke厚hou非fei。當dang然ran,國guo內nei企qi業ye在zai推tui進jin國guo產chan化hua的de道dao路lu上shang也ye存cun在zai許xu多duo質zhi量liang上shang的de問wen題ti,但dan不bu能neng因yin此ci否fou認ren其qi取qu得de的de國guo產chan化hua成cheng績ji,懷huai疑yi其qi國guo產chan化hua的de水shui平ping,拒ju絕jue搭da建jian平ping台tai、geiyuzhanxiandejihui。congmouzhongyiyishangeryan,zuoweichanyelianshangxiayouguanxi,yonghuhezhuangbeiyerutongchunchi,cunzaijinmideguanxi,yirongjurong,yisunjusun。yinci,ruoxiangzuoqiangwoguozhuangbeizhizaoye,shixianwoguozhuangbeizhizaoyedeqiangguozhimeng,jiasutuijinzhuangbeizhizaoyeguochanhuajincheng,shixianqizizhuhuachuangxin,shiwoguozhengfu、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。