http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 16:01:52 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、zhichengli。mianduixinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangedelishixingjiyu,weiyoulaolaobawoxinzhishengchanlizheyiguanjianbianliang,cainengconggenbenshangzengqiangwoguojingjifazhandeneishengdongli,zairiqujiliedequanqiujingzhengzhongzhongsuyoushi、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
kejichuangxinjuedingzhexinzhishengchanlidefazhangaodu,yeyingxiangzhezhongguojingjiweilaizaiquanqiujingzhenggejuzhongdezhanlveweishi。jinguanwoguoyixieguanjianlingyuhexinjishushouzhiyurendejumianhaimeiyouconggenbenshangdedaogaibian,danzhexiejidaitupodekadiandudian,zhengshiwomenweilaifalidezhugongfangxiang,qibeihouyunzangzhegouzhuguojiajingzhengxinyoushidejudaqianlihezhanlvekongjian。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、高gao質zhi量liang特te征zheng。加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,有you利li於yu實shi現xian高gao水shui平ping科ke技ji自zi立li自zi強qiang,增zeng強qiang經jing濟ji競jing爭zheng力li。這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu瞄miao準zhun科ke技ji前qian沿yan,全quan力li攻gong堅jian關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu,以yi突tu破po性xing成cheng果guo催cui生sheng新xin動dong能neng。堅jian持chi一yi體ti推tui進jin教jiao育yu科ke技ji人ren才cai發fa展zhan,促cu進jin科ke技ji創chuang新xin與yu產chan業ye創chuang新xin深shen度du融rong合he,提ti升sheng國guo家jia創chuang新xin體ti係xi整zheng體ti效xiao能neng,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li,搶qiang占zhan未wei來lai科ke技ji製zhi高gao點dian。同tong時shi,發fa揮hui科ke技ji創chuang新xin的de引yin領ling作zuo用yong,全quan麵mian實shi施shi“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、tizhixingjizhouqixingwentijiaozhidetiaozhan,hexinwentizaiyukejichuangxinnenglibuzu,duijingjishehuifazhandezhichengzuoyongweinengchongfenxianxian,gaozhiliangkejigonggeirengxianqianque。xinzhishengchanlizaizaiticengmian,gengduotixianzaigaozhiliang、高效能、高(gao)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)上(shang)。加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),能(neng)夠(gou)以(yi)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)領(ling)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan),增(zeng)強(qiang)經(jing)濟(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)。這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)深(shen)入(ru)實(shi)施(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve),促(cu)進(jin)創(chuang)新(xin)鏈(lian)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)無(wu)縫(feng)對(dui)接(jie),通(tong)過(guo)強(qiang)鏈(lian)補(bu)鏈(lian)延(yan)鏈(lian)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)整(zheng)體(ti)效(xiao)能(neng)。通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)提(ti)升(sheng)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,jiqudongfazhan,yeqianzangfengxian,xuyaozaifazhanheanquanzhijianzhaodaopinghengdian,huhangyindizhiyifazhanxinzhishengchanli。weici,xujiakuaiwanshanguojiachuangxintixi,tupoguanjianhexinjishupingjing,zengqiangzizhuchuangxinnengli,youxiaojiangdiwaibuyilai,tishengchanyelianrenxing。jiaqiangduikejifazhanqushi、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、shehuifengxianyulunlitiaozhanjinxingxitongpingguyuyuanjianshe,goujiankejianquanfengxianjianceyujingheyingduitixi,jiaqiangkejijichutiaojianzizhubaozhang。tongshi,jijicanyuquanqiukejizhili,hongyangkejixiangshanlinian,rangkejifazhanzaofugeguohegeguorenmin。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、quanerbujingdewenti。yaojianchibafazhanjingjidezhelidianfangzaishitijingjishang,jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,goujianyixianjinzhizaoyeweigugandexiandaihuachanyetixi,shizhigengjuyouwanzhengxing、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)完(wan)備(bei),形(xing)成(cheng)完(wan)整(zheng)且(qie)有(you)韌(ren)性(xing)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)。傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)發(fa)揮(hui)著(zhe)重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong),既(ji)是(shi)構(gou)建(jian)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)基(ji)石(shi),也(ye)是(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)著(zhe)力(li)點(dian)。傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)不(bu)等(deng)於(yu)落(luo)後(hou)產(chan)業(ye),運(yun)用(yong)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)改(gai)造(zao)提(ti)升(sheng),是(shi)因(yin)地(di)製(zhi)宜(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)路(lu)徑(jing)。隨(sui)著(zhe)新(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科(ke)技(ji)革(ge)命(ming)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)變(bian)革(ge)深(shen)入(ru)發(fa)展(zhan),傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)廣(guang)泛(fan)引(yin)入(ru)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、低di能neng耗hao的de創chuang新xin產chan品pin。這zhe表biao明ming,發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li與yu傳chuan統tong產chan業ye轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji密mi不bu可ke分fen,發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li絕jue不bu意yi味wei著zhe忽hu視shi甚shen至zhi放fang棄qi傳chuan統tong產chan業ye,而er應ying在zai保bao持chi製zhi造zao業ye合he理li比bi重zhong、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
著zhe眼yan先xian進jin性xing,大da力li發fa展zhan新xin興xing產chan業ye和he未wei來lai產chan業ye。現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing主zhu要yao是shi指zhi產chan業ye體ti係xi具ju備bei較jiao強qiang的de技ji術shu創chuang新xin能neng力li,能neng適shi應ying新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge要yao求qiu,產chan業ye發fa展zhan符fu合he智zhi能neng化hua、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、改(gai)變(bian)競(jing)爭(zheng)格(ge)局(ju)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)力(li)量(liang)。世(shi)界(jie)強(qiang)國(guo)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li),很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)源(yuan)於(yu)其(qi)對(dui)戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)未(wei)來(lai)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)前(qian)瞻(zhan)布(bu)局(ju)與(yu)戰(zhan)略(lve)投(tou)入(ru)。當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)舊(jiu)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)函(han)數(shu)組(zu)合(he)方(fang)式(shi)已(yi)經(jing)難(nan)以(yi)持(chi)續(xu),必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)速(su)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)。著(zhe)力(li)打(da)造(zao)新(xin)興(xing)支(zhi)柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye),實(shi)施(shi)產(chan)業(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程(cheng),加(jia)快(kuai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、第di六liu代dai移yi動dong通tong信xin等deng成cheng為wei新xin的de經jing濟ji增zeng長chang點dian,建jian立li未wei來lai產chan業ye投tou入ru增zeng長chang和he風feng險xian分fen擔dan機ji製zhi,促cu進jin中zhong小xiao企qi業ye專zhuan精jing特te新xin發fa展zhan,更geng好hao推tui動dong經jing濟ji可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。
zheyananquanxing,zengqiangchanyelianrenxinghejingzhengli。chanyetixideanquanxing,zhuyaobiaoxianweichanyeliangongyingliananquankekao,chanyeguanjianhexinjishuzizhukekong,gechanyeyouxulianjie,guominjingjixunhuangaoxiaochangtong。zaishijianzhong,yaoqianghuaguanjianhexinjishugongguan,zhububaituowaibuyilai,tishengyingdui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)建(jian)鏈(lian),增(zeng)強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)韌(ren)性(xing)和(he)安(an)全(quan)水(shui)平(ping)。優(you)化(hua)重(zhong)大(da)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)布(bu)局(ju),發(fa)揮(hui)重(zhong)點(dian)區(qu)域(yu)增(zeng)長(chang)極(ji)作(zuo)用(yong),推(tui)動(dong)產(chan)業(ye)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)地(di)區(qu)間(jian)有(you)序(xu)轉(zhuan)移(yi),建(jian)設(she)國(guo)家(jia)戰(zhan)略(lve)腹(fu)地(di)和(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)產(chan)業(ye)備(bei)份(fen),提(ti)高(gao)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)抗(kang)風(feng)險(xian)能(neng)力(li)。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
當dang今jin世shi界jie,市shi場chang已yi成cheng為wei最zui稀xi缺que的de資zi源yuan,而er我wo國guo擁yong有you的de超chao大da規gui模mo國guo內nei市shi場chang,正zheng是shi我wo們men參can與yu國guo際ji競jing爭zheng的de關guan鍵jian優you勢shi。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,離li不bu開kai技ji術shu的de廣guang泛fan擴kuo散san與yu市shi場chang的de持chi續xu拓tuo展zhan,為wei新xin技ji術shu新xin產chan品pin推tui廣guang應ying用yong提ti供gong豐feng富fu的de應ying用yong場chang景jing和he市shi場chang空kong間jian。曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming,具ju有you超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang的de國guo家jia和he地di區qu往wang往wang都dou有you較jiao強qiang的de國guo際ji競jing爭zheng力li。然ran而er也ye要yao看kan到dao,當dang前qian我wo國guo市shi場chang體ti係xi仍reng不bu健jian全quan,“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、shehuixinyongdengshichangjingjijichuzhidu,jianshegaobiaozhunshichangtixi。guanjianyaozhelipochushichangbilei,dapodiqufengeyugezhongxingshidedifangbaohu,chongfenjifashichangneishengdongli。tongguojianshequanguotongyidashichang,yindaoxianjinyouzhishengchanyaosuxiangxinzhishengchanlilingyushunchanghuiju,shixiankuachanye、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、供gong給gei和he需xu求qiu良liang性xing互hu動dong,增zeng強qiang國guo內nei大da循xun環huan內nei生sheng動dong力li和he可ke靠kao性xing。大da力li提ti振zhen消xiao費fei,落luo實shi大da規gui模mo設she備bei更geng新xin和he消xiao費fei品pin以yi舊jiu換huan新xin相xiang關guan政zheng策ce,把ba我wo國guo超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang需xu求qiu和he應ying用yong場chang景jing豐feng富fu的de市shi場chang優you勢shi轉zhuan化hua為wei推tui動dong新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan的de強qiang大da內nei生sheng動dong力li。
市shi場chang分fen割ge與yu地di方fang保bao護hu是shi建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang的de主zhu要yao障zhang礙ai,也ye是shi製zhi約yue新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan和he要yao素su自zi由you流liu動dong的de深shen層ceng次ci瓶ping頸jing。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,要yao求qiu堅jian持chi全quan國guo一yi盤pan棋qi,打da通tong製zhi約yue要yao素su暢chang通tong流liu動dong的de卡ka點dian堵du點dian,實shi現xian資zi源yuan高gao效xiao組zu合he和he協xie同tong創chuang新xin。為wei此ci,要yao堅jian持chi有you效xiao市shi場chang和he有you為wei政zheng府fu相xiang結jie合he,統tong一yi政zheng府fu行xing為wei尺chi度du,自zi覺jiao破po除chu封feng閉bi小xiao市shi場chang、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”競(jing)爭(zheng)。同(tong)時(shi),應(ying)強(qiang)化(hua)法(fa)治(zhi)引(yin)領(ling)與(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)作(zuo)用(yong),運(yun)用(yong)法(fa)律(lv)手(shou)段(duan)規(gui)範(fan)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng),強(qiang)化(hua)製(zhi)度(du)統(tong)一(yi)與(yu)監(jian)管(guan)協(xie)調(tiao),加(jia)快(kuai)清(qing)理(li)廢(fei)除(chu)妨(fang)礙(ai)全(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一(yi)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)公(gong)平(ping)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)規(gui)定(ding)和(he)做(zuo)法(fa),全(quan)麵(mian)落(luo)實(shi)“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
xinzhishengchanliyijishuchuangxinweizhongyaoyinqing,yishichangxuqiuweiguanjianqianyin。jiakuaixinzhishengchanlifazhan,bujinnengmanzuxiaofeishengjixuqiu,gengnengtongguodianfuxingjishuhechuangxinchanpinchuangzaoxuqiu,tuidonggongxushuangfangdediedaishengjiyuxianghucujin,shixiangaoshuipingdongtaipingheng。yaofahuiwoguochaodaguimoshichangyoushi,tuidongshichangyou“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、合he作zuo共gong贏ying的de區qu域yu協xie同tong創chuang新xin格ge局ju。擴kuo大da高gao水shui平ping對dui外wai開kai放fang,利li用yong國guo內nei國guo際ji市shi場chang的de協xie同tong作zuo用yong和he規gui模mo經jing濟ji效xiao應ying,打da通tong國guo內nei外wai高gao端duan要yao素su市shi場chang,增zeng強qiang對dui全quan球qiu優you質zhi資zi源yuan的de集ji聚ju能neng力li,打da造zao吸xi引yin國guo際ji創chuang新xin要yao素su的de“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”很hen大da程cheng度du就jiu體ti現xian在zai綠lv色se發fa展zhan上shang。綠lv水shui青qing山shan蘊yun含han著zhe無wu窮qiong的de經jing濟ji價jia值zhi,能neng源yuan源yuan不bu斷duan創chuang造zao綜zong合he效xiao益yi,支zhi撐cheng經jing濟ji社she會hui可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。當dang前qian,盡jin管guan生sheng態tai環huan境jing保bao護hu任ren務wu艱jian巨ju,但dan生sheng態tai環huan境jing也ye在zai持chi續xu改gai善shan,不bu斷duan孕yun育yu著zhe新xin的de競jing爭zheng優you勢shi。這zhe有you助zhu於yu推tui動dong低di碳tan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li本ben質zhi上shang是shi先xian進jin生sheng產chan力li質zhi態tai,不bu僅jin要yao求qiu重zhong構gou生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan邏luo輯ji,更geng強qiang調tiao人ren與yu自zi然ran和he諧xie共gong生sheng。堅jian持chi以yi創chuang新xin驅qu動dong綠lv色se變bian革ge,通tong過guo科ke技ji賦fu能neng推tui動dong生sheng產chan要yao素su的de綠lv色se轉zhuan型xing與yu高gao效xiao配pei置zhi,進jin而er將jiang綠lv色se技ji術shu、xianjinchanyeyuditanshenghuofangshiquanmianrongrushengtaiwenmingjianshe,zhizaitupoziyuanhuanjingyueshu,kaipikechixufazhanxinlujing。zaishijianzhong,yaoquanmiantishenglvsekejichuangxinnengli,zuzhikaizhanlvsekejigongguan,jiaqiangshuzijishuyulvsejishuderonghe,jiakuaichanyelvsezhuanxingshengji,dazaogaoxiaoshengtailvsechanyejiqun。jiakuaigoujianlvseditanxunhuanfazhanjingjitixi,zhuangdalvsechanyehelvsejingjiguimo,xianzhujiangdiquanliantiaonenghaowuhao,xingchengkejihanlianggao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
xinzhishengchanliqubieyuchuantongshengchanlideyigezhongyaofangmian,jiushijiangshengtaihuanjingdengyaosunarushengchanhanshu,jiaqianglvsekejichuangxin,tigaoziyuanliyongxiaolv。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,jiuyaolaogushulihejianxinglvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshandelinian,jiandingbuyizoushengtaiyouxian、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
生sheng態tai安an全quan是shi國guo家jia安an全quan的de重zhong要yao基ji石shi。作zuo為wei綠lv色se生sheng產chan力li,新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan與yu生sheng態tai安an全quan緊jin密mi相xiang連lian。必bi須xu堅jian持chi以yi總zong體ti國guo家jia安an全quan觀guan為wei指zhi導dao,從cong保bao障zhang國guo家jia生sheng態tai安an全quan、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、wendingxinghechixuxing。yaozhashituijinshengtaibaohuxiufu,qianghuajianguanxiaoneng,jiakuaijiansheguojiashengtaianquanpingzhang,weizisunhoudailiuxiashanqingshuixiudeshengtaikongjian。chixutuijinwuranfangzhigongjianheshengtaixitongyouhua,jijiyouxiaoyingduigezhongshengtaihuanjingfengxiantiaozhan,bashengtaihuanjingfengxiannaruchangtaihuaguanli,xitonggoujianquanguocheng、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。