編者語：xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，tigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。benwenjieshaogongkongzhujixunihuajishudetedian，xiangxijieshaoleruhejiangxunihuajishuyingyongyugongkongji。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu
，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並(bing)行(xing)
，允(yun)許(xu)一(yi)個(ge)平(ping)台(tai)同(tong)時(shi)運(yun)行(xing)多(duo)個(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)，並(bing)且(qie)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)相(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)立(li)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)運(yun)行(xing)而(er)互(hu)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)，從(cong)而(er)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng

，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao
，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機
、快照
、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong
，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi
，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   工gong控kong機ji是shi專zhuan門men為wei工gong業ye現xian場chang而er設she計ji的de計ji算suan機ji，工gong業ye現xian場chang一yi般ban具ju有you強qiang烈lie的de震zhen動dong

，灰hui塵chen特te別bie多duo，另ling有you很hen高gao的de電dian磁ci場chang力li幹gan擾rao等deng特te點dian，且qie一yi般ban工gong廠chang均jun是shi連lian續xu作zuo業ye即ji一yi年nian中zhong一yi般ban沒mei有you休xiu息xi
，在zai惡e劣lie條tiao件jian下xia影ying響xiang工gong控kong主zhu機ji效xiao能neng的de不bu單dan單dan是shi其qi使shi用yong壽shou命ming，對dui於yu關guan鍵jian性xing業ye務wu來lai講jiang確que保bao業ye務wu的de穩wen定ding性xing和he連lian續xu性xing顯xian得de格ge外wai重zhong要yao，使shi用yong虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou主zhu要yao在zai於yu虛xu擬ni化hua的de操cao作zuo係xi統tong僅jin僅jin是shi以yi文wen件jian形xing式shi存cun在zai，包bao括kuo內nei存cun的de鏡jing像xiang等deng，在zai發fa生sheng災zai難nan情qing況kuang下xia可ke以yi做zuo到dao零ling毫hao秒miao快kuai速su無wu縫feng切qie換huan
，所suo以yi在zai關guan鍵jian業ye務wu應ying用yong場chang所suo保bao障zhang了le業ye務wu的de連lian續xu可ke靠kao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng
，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou
，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行
，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等deng眾zhong多duo操cao作zuo係xi統tong
，實shi現xian以yi往wang不bu可ke能neng實shi現xian的de多duo宿xiu主zhu架jia構gou，在zai工gong控kong應ying用yong當dang中zhong，可ke以yi滿man足zu多duo種zhong業ye務wu係xi統tong的de需xu要yao。快kuai照zhao功gong能neng在zai虛xu擬ni化hua環huan境jing中zhong支zhi持chi每mei卷juan創chuang建jian多duo個ge快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，並bing將jiang這zhe些xie時shi間jian點dian拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei其qi他ta虛xu擬ni機ji。這zhe樣yang用yong戶hu隻zhi需xu創chuang建jian生sheng產chan數shu據ju的de快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei並bing分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo測ce試shi的de虛xu擬ni機ji
，就jiu能neng夠gou創chuang建jian出chu功gong能neng強qiang大da的de測ce試shi環huan境jing了le。一yi旦dan用yong戶hu建jian立li了le虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi環huan境jing，用yong戶hu就jiu能neng夠gou快kuai速su創chuang建jian虛xu擬ni測ce試shi服fu務wu器qi。測ce試shi人ren員yuan不bu僅jin能neng夠gou在zai幾ji秒miao鍾zhong內nei分fen配pei獲huo得de真zhen實shi的de“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之
，虛擬機總在被創建、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo
，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben
，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng

，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang 
，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben
，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。