zaiguojijinrongweijimanyan，shijiejingjixingshifuzaduobiandehuanjingxia，geguozhengzhiliyutongguotiaozhengchanyejiegou
，yingduijinrongweijidetiaozhan，huifujingjizengchangdedongli。yucitongshi，zhongguoyezhengtongguojijidezhiduchuangxinyouhuachanyejiegouyubuju，baituojinrongweijideshufu
，baochijingjichixu、健康和快速發展。2009年(nian)中(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)濟(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)特(te)別(bie)指(zhi)出(chu)要(yao)從(cong)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)入(ru)手(shou)，因(yin)勢(shi)利(li)導(dao)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)序(xu)地(di)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，亦(yi)是(shi)讓(rang)我(wo)們(men)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)引(yin)致(zhi)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)國(guo)際(ji)分(fen)工(gong)重(zhong)組(zu)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)契(qi)機(ji)，吸(xi)引(yin)科(ke)技(ji)含(han)量(liang)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)附(fu)加(jia)值(zhi)高(gao)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)

，推(tui)動(dong)我(wo)國(guo)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)優(you)化(hua)與(yu)升(sheng)級(ji)。引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)

　　guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui，cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou，yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan，zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。

　　一方麵

，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看
，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展，資本、jishuhelaodonglidengshengchanyaosuzaishichangjizhidezuoyongxiaquanqiuliudongyuzuhepeizhi
，cuicuzheyiguohuodiquneibudechanyexiangjuyoubijiaoyoushidediquzhuanyi，danshi，youyufadaguojiabifazhanzhongguojiabiaoxianchujiaogaodejingjifazhanshuipinghejiaoqiangdekejililiang，shidetamenzaishijiefengongtixiheliyifenpeigejuzhongzhanjuzhudaodiwei。tamenjiangziyuanxiaohaohehuanjingwuranshuipinggao、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi，yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie，yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner

，youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye，guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie，daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng，yiner，jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou
，birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong，jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi，youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。

　　另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)主(zhu)觀(guan)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)。改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)三(san)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)經(jing)驗(yan)表(biao)明(ming)

，中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)轉(zhuan)型(xing)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)促(cu)進(jin)了(le)經(jing)濟(ji)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)優(you)化(hua)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)“經濟增長奇跡”，極(ji)大(da)地(di)縮(suo)小(xiao)了(le)與(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)差(cha)距(ju)。即(ji)使(shi)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)席(xi)卷(juan)全(quan)球(qiu)，致(zhi)使(shi)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)下(xia)滑(hua)，中(zhong)國(guo)雖(sui)然(ran)也(ye)無(wu)一(yi)例(li)外(wai)地(di)不(bu)能(neng)幸(xing)免(mian)，然(ran)而(er)
，正(zheng)當(dang)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)尋(xun)找(zhao)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)應(ying)對(dui)之(zhi)策(ce)時(shi)，中(zhong)國(guo)憑(ping)借(jie)對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放(fang)三(san)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)所(suo)積(ji)累(lei)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)和(he)及(ji)時(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)，率(lv)先(xian)走(zou)出(chu)了(le)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)陰(yin)霾(mai)
，使(shi)得(de)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)跨(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)麵(mian)臨(lin)本(ben)土(tu)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)環(huan)境(jing)惡(e)化(hua)時(shi)，重(zhong)新(xin)審(shen)視(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)交(jiao)易(yi)成(cheng)本(ben)優(you)勢(shi)所(suo)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)經(jing)營(ying)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)改(gai)善(shan)。此(ci)時(shi)，中(zhong)國(guo)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)依(yi)靠(kao)製(zhi)度(du)轉(zhuan)型(xing)所(suo)累(lei)積(ji)的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)調(tiao)整(zheng)政(zheng)策(ce)和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)製(zhi)度(du)，創(chuang)造(zao)產(chan)業(ye)升(sheng)級(ji)的(de)新(xin)環(huan)境(jing)
，主(zhu)動(dong)引(yin)導(dao)和(he)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，並(bing)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)培(pei)育(yu)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)
，優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)布(bu)局(ju)，推(tui)動(dong)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)升(sheng)級(ji)。引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)

　　zhongguozuoweizhengchuyugongyehuajinchengzhongdeshijieshangzuidadefazhanzhongguojia
，yaoqiaojiejinrongweijidelishijiyu，jiakuaixiandaigongyehuajincheng，shixiandaguodejingjiganchao
，biranxuyaotongguozhiduchuangxinyindaoguojixianjinchanyehechanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyilaishixian。weici，womenyouzhenduixingditichuyindaoguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyidezhengcetiaozhenghezhiduchuangxin：

　　diyi，tigaotouzizhengcedechayihuachengdu，pochuwuxingdetouzizhengcebilei。weilechengjieguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyi，duibutongdiquchengjiebutongchanyehuoshengchanhuanjiedetouzizhengceyingjinkenengchabieduidai，bingzengqiangtouzizhengcedetoumingdu，xiaochuzhengcexingqishi。yifangmian
，youyuzhongguogediquziyuanbingfu、技ji術shu水shui平ping和he經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping存cun在zai差cha異yi，國guo家jia在zai製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce時shi
，應ying考kao慮lv給gei予yu各ge地di區qu一yi定ding的de自zi主zhu性xing，采cai取qu國guo家jia製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce指zhi導dao原yuan則ze

，各ge地di區qu依yi據ju此ci原yuan則ze結jie合he自zi身shen的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping
，差cha異yi化hua地di製zhi定ding鼓gu勵li、限xian製zhi和he禁jin止zhi外wai商shang投tou資zi產chan業ye的de政zheng策ce。另ling一yi方fang麵mian
，地di方fang政zheng府fu主zhu管guan部bu門men應ying加jia快kuai清qing理li與yu降jiang低di投tou資zi壁bi壘lei和he投tou資zi政zheng策ce透tou明ming度du原yuan則ze不bu相xiang適shi應ying的de政zheng策ce規gui章zhang
，並bing逐zhu步bu廢fei除chu一yi些xie與yu促cu進jin投tou資zi自zi由you化hua的de國guo際ji規gui則ze相xiang衝chong突tu的de法fa律lv法fa規gui，且qie進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan促cu進jin不bu同tong地di區qu各ge類lei產chan業ye投tou資zi相xiang適shi應ying的de自zi由you化hua規gui則ze
，同tong時shi，還hai應ying加jia強qiang投tou資zi自zi由you化hua政zheng策ce的de對dui外wai宣xuan傳chuan，及ji時shi對dui外wai公gong布bu鼓gu勵li、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　dier，tiaozhengshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi，zengqiangshuishouzhengcedexiangduiyouxiaoxing。shuishouzhengcefanyinglezhengfuduiqiyeyugerenshouyidezhengshuishuiping，yinci，shuishouzhengceyizhishizuoweishijiegeguoyindaochanyezibenliuxiangdezhongyaoshouduan。weiletigaoguojixianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjiedezhuanyixiaolv


，yingyijudiqutezhenghechanyedetexing，caiquduoyanghuadeshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。yifangmian

，yingshishidiyijudiquhechanyezhengcedexuyao
，xietiaocaiyonggezhongshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。youyujianjieshuishouyouhuifangshinengduitouzizhouqichang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此
，應逐步采取以加速折舊、虧(kui)損(sun)彌(mi)補(bu)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)，促(cu)進(jin)資(zi)本(ben)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)密(mi)集(ji)型(xing)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)
，政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)特(te)性(xing)製(zhi)定(ding)細(xi)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)，並(bing)在(zai)地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)間(jian)、行xing業ye之zhi間jian和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie之zhi間jian體ti現xian稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。對dui於yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie，可ke賦fu予yu相xiang對dui於yu其qi他ta產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui，同tong時shi，為wei了le鼓gu勵li落luo後hou地di區qu吸xi引yin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi
，可ke適shi當dang獲huo得de相xiang對dui於yu經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu而er言yan更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce
，以yi提ti高gao稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce在zai經jing濟ji落luo後hou地di區qu的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。

　　第三，創新商業交易製度，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、變(bian)更(geng)與(yu)退(tui)出(chu)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)授(shou)權(quan)與(yu)彙(hui)報(bao)程(cheng)序(xu)。首(shou)先(xian)

，可(ke)以(yi)嚐(chang)試(shi)由(you)中(zhong)央(yang)部(bu)委(wei)出(chu)台(tai)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)審(shen)批(pi)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，並(bing)在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)級(ji)別(bie)的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)劃(hua)單(dan)位(wei)設(she)立(li)審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)且(qie)給(gei)予(yu)他(ta)們(men)與(yu)地(di)區(qu)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)模(mo)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)權(quan)限(xian)
，且(qie)以(yi)法(fa)律(lv)形(xing)式(shi)加(jia)以(yi)固(gu)定(ding)。在(zai)國(guo)家(jia)對(dui)外(wai)商(shang)設(she)立(li)企(qi)業(ye)規(gui)定(ding)審(shen)批(pi)原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，為(wei)了(le)鼓(gu)勵(li)直(zhi)轄(xia)市(shi)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)達(da)地(di)區(qu)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)外(wai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，中(zhong)央(yang)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)給(gei)予(yu)地(di)區(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)於(yu)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)權(quan)限(xian)。其(qi)次(ci)，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)簡(jian)化(hua)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)申(shen)請(qing)設(she)立(li)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)審(shen)批(pi)的(de)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)審(shen)批(pi)效(xiao)率(lv)。審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)簡(jian)化(hua)外(wai)資(zi)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)手(shou)續(xu)
，實(shi)行(xing)“一站式”服務，且在經營期內，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少

、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押、轉讓，以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi)
，應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)
，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu)，減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci)，改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”辦ban法fa
，對dui於yu外wai商shang在zai本ben國guo投tou資zi現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye，采cai用yong類lei似si於yu內nei資zi企qi業ye的de終zhong止zhi經jing營ying的de辦ban法fa，可ke先xian由you企qi業ye聘pin用yong清qing算suan機ji構gou出chu具ju具ju有you法fa律lv效xiao應ying的de清qing算suan報bao告gao
，再zai報bao審shen批pi機ji關guan審shen核he，實shi現xian內nei外wai資zi企qi業ye在zai審shen批pi手shou續xu上shang等deng同tong對dui待dai。

　　第di四si
，健jian全quan產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du
，降jiang低di企qi業ye生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying中zhong的de不bu確que定ding性xing。為wei了le有you效xiao引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye有you序xu向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi
，我wo們men既ji要yao加jia大da知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin力li度du，又you要yao努nu力li提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de保bao護hu水shui平ping。對dui於yu知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin，一yi方fang麵mian，應ying努nu力li完wan善shan知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa律lv

，逐zhu步bu覆fu蓋gai當dang前qian法fa律lv條tiao文wen所suo不bu能neng含han蓋gai的de盲mang區qu，並bing依yi據ju行xing業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie對dui知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de敏min感gan程cheng度du不bu同tong
，適shi時shi地di製zhi定ding相xiang關guan的de知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa規gui;lingyifangmian，yingzengqiangzhishichanquandezhifalidu，jiadaduiqinfanzhishichanquandechengfalidu
，tigaozhishichanquanqinquandechengben。duiyurenlizibenchanquanbaohu，shouxianyingshishidixiudingyuwanshan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律


，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調
；其qi次ci
，通tong過guo加jia大da相xiang關guan法fa律lv法fa規gui的de執zhi行xing力li度du和he拓tuo寬kuan覆fu蓋gai麵mian，確que保bao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi雙shuang方fang在zai平ping等deng互hu利li的de前qian提ti下xia，完wan善shan人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de交jiao易yi程cheng序xu
，減jian少shao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi的de不bu確que定ding性xing;zaici，dalifazhanrenlizibenshichanghejianlirenlizibenshichangjiaoyizhidu，kuodazibenxinxijiaoliuqudao，tigaorenlizibenxinxigongxiangshuiping，jiangdiqiyehuoqurenlizibendexinxichengben，fahuifanyingrenlizibenjiazhideshichangjizhi，baozhangrenlizibenchanquan，fangzhirenlizibenchanquanjiaoyi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學
、湖南大學）