編者語：虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。本ben文wen介jie紹shao工gong控kong主zhu機ji虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu的de特te點dian，詳xiang細xi介jie紹shao了le如ru何he將jiang虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu應ying用yong於yu工gong控kong機ji。

   當(dang)今(jin)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)已(yi)經(jing)滲(shen)透(tou)到(dao)社(she)會(hui)關(guan)鍵(jian)行(xing)業(ye)核(he)心(xin)計(ji)算(suan)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)

，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)的(de)出(chu)現(xian)改(gai)變(bian)了(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)單(dan)一(yi)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)架(jia)構(gou)，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)和(he)快(kuai)速(su)遷(qian)移(yi)特(te)性(xing)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)關(guan)鍵(jian)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)業(ye)務(wu)連(lian)續(xu)，有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)由(you)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)故(gu)障(zhang)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)斷(duan)，將(jiang)損(sun)失(shi)降(jiang)到(dao)最(zui)低(di)。虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)
，降(jiang)低(di)由(you)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)損(sun)壞(huai)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)斷(duan)
，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並(bing)行(xing)
，允(yun)許(xu)一(yi)個(ge)平(ping)台(tai)同(tong)時(shi)運(yun)行(xing)多(duo)個(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)
，並(bing)且(qie)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)相(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)立(li)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)運(yun)行(xing)而(er)互(hu)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)，從(cong)而(er)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng
，tongguoteshudezhilingji
，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotion等deng高gao級ji功gong能neng特te性xing
，因yin而er在zai它ta創chuang建jian的de環huan境jing中zhong，遇yu到dao停ting機ji時shi最zui多duo不bu過guo就jiu是shi簡jian單dan的de重zhong新xin啟qi動dong而er已yi。對dui於yu防fang止zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu或huo硬ying件jian發fa生sheng故gu障zhang的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an來lai說shuo

，工gong控kong主zhu機jiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用
、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi
，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi
，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming
，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng
，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan
，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu

，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian
，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending
，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou
，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu
，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong
，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據
，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong

，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben
，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng
，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang 
，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。