編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan

，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing
，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang
，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng
，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMMruanjiannenggougaijinchunruanjianjiejuefangan。youyuxunihuayingjianketigongquanxindejiagou
，zhichicaozuoxitongzhijiezaishangmianyunxing，congerwuxujinxingerjinzhizhuanhuan，jianshaolexiangguandexingnengkaixiao，jidajianhualeVMM設計
，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機
、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong

，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi
，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調tiao查zha統tong計ji發fa現xian，百bai分fen之zhi八ba十shi以yi上shang工gong控kong機ji事shi故gu都dou是shi由you於yu操cao作zuo係xi統tong不bu穩wen定ding造zao成cheng
，影ying響xiang係xi統tong穩wen定ding的de因yin素su有you很hen多duo包bao括kuo電dian磁ci幹gan擾rao等deng間jian接jie因yin素su，如ru何he保bao證zheng主zhu機ji係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding可ke靠kao成cheng為wei防fang範fan的de重zhong點dian
，充chong分fen利li用yong虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke以yi有you效xiao的de保bao證zheng操cao作zuo係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding，工gong控kong機ji當dang中zhong部bu署shu的de是shi裸luo金jin屬shu架jia構gou的de企qi業ye版ban虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou

，之zhi上shang再zai部bu署shu操cao作zuo係xi統tong和he控kong製zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu，通tong過guo翻fan譯yi對dui接jie確que保bao底di層ceng應ying用yong的de穩wen定ding性xing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用
，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等(deng)眾(zhong)多(duo)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)，實(shi)現(xian)以(yi)往(wang)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)多(duo)宿(xiu)主(zhu)架(jia)構(gou)
，在(zai)工(gong)控(kong)應(ying)用(yong)當(dang)中(zhong)，可(ke)以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)多(duo)種(zhong)業(ye)務(wu)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。快(kuai)照(zhao)功(gong)能(neng)在(zai)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)支(zhi)持(chi)每(mei)卷(juan)創(chuang)建(jian)多(duo)個(ge)快(kuai)照(zhao)拷(kao)貝(bei)，並(bing)將(jiang)這(zhe)些(xie)時(shi)間(jian)點(dian)拷(kao)貝(bei)分(fen)配(pei)給(gei)其(qi)他(ta)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)。這(zhe)樣(yang)用(yong)戶(hu)隻(zhi)需(xu)創(chuang)建(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)快(kuai)照(zhao)拷(kao)貝(bei)並(bing)分(fen)配(pei)給(gei)專(zhuan)門(men)用(yong)作(zuo)測(ce)試(shi)的(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)，就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)創(chuang)建(jian)出(chu)功(gong)能(neng)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)測(ce)試(shi)環(huan)境(jing)了(le)。一(yi)旦(dan)用(yong)戶(hu)建(jian)立(li)了(le)虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)環(huan)境(jing)，用(yong)戶(hu)就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)快(kuai)速(su)創(chuang)建(jian)虛(xu)擬(ni)測(ce)試(shi)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)。測(ce)試(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)幾(ji)秒(miao)鍾(zhong)內(nei)分(fen)配(pei)獲(huo)得(de)真(zhen)實(shi)的(de)“實時”數據

，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、使shi用yong
，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei
，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang

，唯wei一yi需xu要yao安an裝zhuang備bei份fen軟ruan件jian的de虛xu擬ni機ji就jiu是shi備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi了le。在zai處chu理li數shu百bai個ge虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi時shi，這zhe樣yang做zuo有you助zhu於yu大da幅fu降jiang低di備bei份fen許xu可ke證zheng的de成cheng本ben
，通tong過guo快kuai照zhao功gong能neng有you效xiao提ti高gao工gong控kong機ji的de穩wen定ding性xing。